Frontiers in Blockchain最新文献

{"title":"Miner ID: Facilitating bitcoin as a service","authors":"Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1205491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1205491","url":null,"abstract":"Block production in Bitcoin, often referred to as mining, is becoming increasingly industrialized. Many nodes in the network are represented by registered business entities. The concept of Bitcoin as a Service is also pushing the industry to become more customer oriented. Services such as transaction validation, transaction status query or notification, and blockchain data indexing are in high demand among blockchain application providers and users. As service providers, nodes need to distinguish themselves from others and be identifiable. In this article, we introduce an efficient self-established identity system, called Miner ID, to enable nodes to be publicly identifiable. It is based on economic investment and active participation in the blockchain network. Moreover, Miner ID is optional for nodes, and it does not affect the consensus mechanism of the network. We explore use cases including instant transaction confirmation, blockchain attestation, public key infrastructure, and token recovery. Miner ID can also be used for secure communication with applications, services, users and peers.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124431442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain and regenerative finance: charting a path toward regeneration","authors":"Marco Schletz, Axel Constant, A. Hsu, Simon J. D. Schillebeeckx, R. Beck, M. Wainstein","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1165133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1165133","url":null,"abstract":"The Regenerative Finance (ReFi) movement aims to fundamentally transform the governance of global common pool resources (CPRs), such as the atmosphere, which are being degraded despite international efforts. The ReFi movement seeks to achieve this by utilizing digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (D-MRV); tokenization of assets; and decentralized governance approaches. However, there is currently a lack of a clear path forward to create and implement models that actually drive the “Re-” in ReFi beyond perpetuating the existing extractive economics and toward actual regeneration. In addition, ReFi suffers from growing pains, lacking a common interoperability framework and definition for determining what a ReFi project is and how the individual components align toward the grand ambition. This paper provides a definition of the ReFi stack of interconnected components and examines how it can address limitations in climate change accounting, finance and markets, and governance. The authors also examine the theory of regenerative economics and CPRs to encourage further discussions and advancements in the ReFi space. The crucial question remains if and how ReFi can drive a change in paradigm toward the effective regeneration of global CPRs.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128049541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Blockchain for trusted information systems","authors":"G. Meroni, M. Comuzzi, Julius Köpke","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1235704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1235704","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations are often required to collaborate to achieve their goals (Vandermerwe and Rada, 1988). For example, in the logistics domain, several organizations must coordinate their internal tasks to successfully deliver goods to their customers (Perboli et al., 2018). In the medical domain, various actors, such as healthcare providers, pharmacies, and insurance companies, need to collaborate to provide their services (Haleem et al., 2021). In such settings, organizations are required to exchange information in a trusted way. As some participants may be competitors, organizations must ensure to provide other partners with all and only the information required for the tasks that they are in charge of, while at the same time avoiding the leaking of confidential information. Similarly, mechanisms to ensure the provenance of the information provided, and to verify the identity of the participants, should be put in place. Blockchain systems are a promising technology to address trust issues in information systems (Xu et al., 2019). Thanks to their distributed and decentralized nature, and their ability to reach consensus among untrusted parties, blockchains proved to be successful in supporting the exchange of digital (e.g., cryptocurrency) and possibly physical assets in a trusted way. As far as data storage is concerned, it is almost impossible for a single party or a restricted group thereof to alter or delete the information stored in a blockchain. In addition, second-generation blockchains have introduced the so-called smart contracts (Buterin, 2014), arbitrary agreements embodied by immutable code executed among multiple participants with possibly conflicting interests. Despite these features, exploiting blockchains to build trusted information systems remains far from trivial (Köpke et al., 2023). Although the mechanisms handling the execution of smart contracts, as well as handling the data that originate from the blockchain itself, can be considered secure, the same cannot be said for the smart contracts and for the data that they receive as input. First, smart contracts may contain code vulnerabilities, which may cause unexpected behaviors and be exploited by malicious agents. For example, in 2016 a vulnerability in a smart contract allowed 3.6 million ETH to be stolen, causing the so-called DAO accident, which forced a hard fork in the Ethereum blockchain (Mehar et al., 2019). Another major issue is represented by the data originating from outside of the blockchain. Such data is not subject to the tight consistency constraints implemented within blockchains (Comuzzi et al., 2020). Consequently, with these data the blockchain alone does not provide an out-ofthe-box solution to ensure traceability, persistence, and access control. OPEN ACCESS","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If blockchain is the solution, robot security is the problem","authors":"Eduardo Castelló Ferrer","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1181820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1181820","url":null,"abstract":"Robotics systems of all types are revolutionizing a wide variety of industries—transportation, manufacturing, and even healthcare—and yet, many essential ingredients for robotics systems in the real world are not technologically ready for deployment. Currently, robots lack the protocols and standards required to be safe and secure outside factories. In an attempt to close this gap, recent research has demonstrated the security benefits of combining robotics systems with blockchain-based and related technologies (e.g., smart contracts, zero-knowledge proofs, Merkle trees). In this perspective article, I argue that blockchain-based robotics is starting to provide innovative solutions (e.g., secure data sharing, consensus mechanisms, and new interaction methods) to urgent problems of robot security. I list the most important takeaways so far from this emerging field of research that I helped establish together with a growing community. I close the article by discussing the implications of the security challenges that the robotics research community is facing, and possible ways for us to move forward.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114977735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: An overview of blockchain efficient interaction technologies","authors":"Feng Liu, Sihao He, Zhenghao Li, Zhibin Li","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1176358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1176358","url":null,"abstract":"In the published article, there was an error in the author list, and author Panwei Xiang, Jiayin Qi was erroneously included. The corrected author list appears below: Feng Liu*, Sihao He, Zhenghao Li and Zhibin Li Shanghai International School of Chief Technology Officer, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Change Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China Incorrect Funding In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement [This work is supported by 2019, Digital Transformation in China and Germany: Strategies, Structures and]. The correct Funding statement appears below: The authors declare no Funding. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131988098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering trusted data sharing for data analytics in a federated environment: A blockchain-based approach","authors":"P. Plebani, David Rossetto, F. Tiezzi","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1141760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1141760","url":null,"abstract":"As data analytics is used in business to increase profits, organizations use it to pursue their goals. Even if enterprise data could be already valuable on its own, in many cases, combining it with external data sources would boost the value of the output, making data sharing a need in data analytics. At the same time, organizations are reluctant to share data, as they are scared of disclosing critical information. This calls for solutions that are able to safeguard data holders by regulating how data can be shared to ensure the so-called data sovereignty. This paper focuses on the usage of data lakes as well-established technology across enterprises for data analytics where internal or publicly available data are considered. The goal is to extend data lakes with functionalities that, respecting the data sovereignty, enable a data lake also to be ingested with data shared by other organizations and to share data to external organizations. Notable, the purpose of this work is to face this issue by defining an architecture that, inserted in a federated environment: restricts data access and enables monitoring that the actual usage of data respects the data sovereignty expressed in the policies agreed upon by the involved parties; makes use of Blockchain technology as a means for guaranteeing the traceability of data sharing; and allows for balancing computation movement and data movement. The proposed approach has been applied to a healthcare scenario where several institutions (e.g., hospitals and clinics, research institutes, and medical universities) produce and collect clinical data in local data lakes.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125789123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Passport: A blockchain-based PHR-integrated self-sovereign identity system","authors":"Merlin George, A. Chacko","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1075083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1075083","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was necessary to validate a person’s health status along with their identity to permit travel. This was facilitated via paper-based certificates and centralized digital apps. Even after COVID-19, it is anticipated that such health status verifications will be required for travel and other purposes. As a result, there needs to be an additional credential, a “Health Passport,” that establishes whether a person satisfies the health requirements for various purposes. Digital credentials so prepared should be trustable, unforgeable, and verifiable. The Health Passport should be designed to protect the end-users’ privacy and give people control over the data they use to confirm their credentials. This article explores the requirements for a generalized Health Passport system and uses agent-oriented modeling (AOM) to design a blockchain-based self-sovereign identity (SSI) system integrated with the Personal Health Record (PHR) to address this requirement. The article demonstrates the feasibility of the solution by implementing a proof of concept on Hyperledger Indy and Aries, integrated with the PHR – MediTrans. Credential issuance and verification time were calculated, and it was observed that the time overhead was minimal. This solution allows users to verify their credentials with the verifier without revealing any significant personal information. Our solution can be integrated into any PHR solution as the SSI solution is added as a plugin to the PHR accessible via a mobile/web app.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"24 18_suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125347863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market trends and analysis of blockchain technology in supply chain","authors":"Anusha Thakur","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1142599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1142599","url":null,"abstract":"Technology is an important tool in the armory of state-of-the-art innovations, in terms of both digital expansions and disruptions. With blockchain technology gaining momentum, different industries are emphasizing experimentation with it. Nowadays, organizations are emphasizing towards agile and leaner supply chains with end-to-end prominence via the incorporation of this latest technology, thereby boosting services across the world. The revolutionary features of blockchain technology are paving the way for greater opportunities for supply chain businesses. The technology has the potential to become a supply chain data utility and repository that offers benefits to all its users, such as unique market information that would be otherwise unavailable from any other source. This paper contemplates the need for blockchain technology in the supply chain and its contribution to enhancing the overall efficiency and demand planning processes of businesses. It discusses the latest market trends and factors driving the need for the incorporation of blockchain in the supply chain sector and the future scenario. Different use cases of the technology, market challenges in the implementation of the technology, and the solutions offered by different companies to address such problems have also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126321753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democratizing effects of digital ledger technologies: Implications for economic mobility","authors":"C. Makridis, Gordon Y. Liao","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.972183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.972183","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large body of empirical and theoretical literature on the effects of technological change on individuals, labor markets, and overall economic activity. Theories of skill-biased technical change (SBTC) suggest that technology increases the earnings power of skilled workers, but substitutes for less skilled workers. Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) provide a new context for examining and understanding the impact of technology change on labor, competition, and economic outcomes. This paper explores the theoretical frameworks through which DLTs could enhance economic mobility and provides examples from several areas, including: i) the creation of new jobs and higher value-added jobs, and the modularization of complex tasks; ii) improvements in the way people learn and acquire human capital; iii) increased competition in the marketplace; and iv) more inclusive access to financial services with fewer intermediaries.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114249547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Solidity implementation of TAVS","authors":"Antonio M. Larriba, D. López","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1105119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1105119","url":null,"abstract":"We present a Solidity smart contract implementation of the TAVS e-voting protocol. The Two Authorities Electronic Voting Scheme (TAVS) is a voting scheme that achieves universal verifiability with a reduced time-complexity both for the elector and the voting system. TAVS security derives from the RSA cryptosystem it employs, and the assumption of two entities that do not share information. We present a Solidity implementation which replaces one of these entities with an immutable smart contract in Ethereum based networks. By doing so, our implementation extends the security properties of TAVS and achieves a higher degree of resilience, verifiability, and availability. We open source the code of the implementation.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}