Frontiers in Blockchain最新文献

Decentralized science (DeSci): definition, shared values, and guiding principles 非集中化科学（DeSci）：定义、共同价值观和指导原则

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1375763

Lukas Weidener, Cord Spreckelsen

{"title":"Decentralized science (DeSci): definition, shared values, and guiding principles","authors":"Lukas Weidener, Cord Spreckelsen","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1375763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1375763","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid advancements in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, are foundational to a new era of digital innovation. This innovation has catalyzed the emergence of “Decentralized Science (DeSci),” a new concept and movement that aims to address the challenges of modern science. Given the novelty of the field of DeSci, this study aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the term and explore and conceptualize the shared values and guiding principles inherent to DeSci. To achieve these objectives, an exploratory literature review was conducted to identify and synthesize the scholarly and secondary literature. The search and selection process included six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, arXiv, and Social Science Research Network), focusing on the last 15 years (2008 to 2023). Owing to the novelty of DeSci, the literature review was supplemented by an anonymous online-based expert survey using a combination of single-choice and open-ended questions. The experts were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to their activities in the DeSci field. Seven studies were selected for evaluation from the scholarly literature, and additional 24 sources of information were included in the analysis. In the expert survey, 39 valid datasets were collected and analyzed. The synthesis of the exploratory literature review and expert survey results led to a comprehensive definition of “Decentralized Science” (DeSci) reflecting recurring themes. As no publications explicitly discussed or addressed the values or principles of DeSci in the literature review, a set of shared values and guiding principles was defined based on the expert survey results. This study proposes a comprehensive definition of DeSci and a set of shared values and guiding principles, highlighting the importance of future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Integrated cybersecurity for metaverse systems operating with artificial intelligence, blockchains, and cloud computing 利用人工智能、区块链和云计算运行的元宇宙系统的综合网络安全

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1359130

P. Radanliev

{"title":"Integrated cybersecurity for metaverse systems operating with artificial intelligence, blockchains, and cloud computing","authors":"P. Radanliev","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1359130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1359130","url":null,"abstract":"In the ever-evolving realm of cybersecurity, the increasing integration of Metaverse systems with cutting-edge technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Cloud Computing presents a host of new opportunities alongside significant challenges. This article employs a methodological approach that combines an extensive literature review with focused case study analyses to examine the changing cybersecurity landscape within these intersecting domains. The emphasis is particularly on the Metaverse, exploring its current state of cybersecurity, potential future developments, and the influential roles of AI, blockchain, and cloud technologies. Our thorough investigation assesses a range of cybersecurity standards and frameworks to determine their effectiveness in managing the risks associated with these emerging technologies. Special focus is directed towards the rapidly evolving digital economy of the Metaverse, investigating how AI and blockchain can enhance its cybersecurity infrastructure whilst acknowledging the complexities introduced by cloud computing. The results highlight significant gaps in existing standards and a clear necessity for regulatory advancements, particularly concerning blockchain’s capability for self-governance and the early-stage development of the Metaverse. The article underscores the need for proactive regulatory involvement, stressing the importance of cybersecurity experts and policymakers adapting and preparing for the swift advancement of these technologies. Ultimately, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the current scenario, foresees future challenges, and suggests strategic directions for integrated cybersecurity within Metaverse systems utilising AI, blockchain, and cloud computing.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blockchain in the courtroom: exploring its evidentiary significance and procedural implications in U.S. judicial processes 法庭中的区块链：探讨其在美国司法程序中的证据意义和程序影响

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1306058

Xukang Wang, Y. Wu, Zhe Ma

{"title":"Blockchain in the courtroom: exploring its evidentiary significance and procedural implications in U.S. judicial processes","authors":"Xukang Wang, Y. Wu, Zhe Ma","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1306058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1306058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the evidentiary significance of blockchain records and the procedural implications of integrating this technology into the U.S. judicial system, as several states have undertaken legislative measures to facilitate the admissibility of blockchain evidence. We employ a comprehensive methodological approach, including legislative analysis, comparative case law analysis, technical examination of blockchain mechanics, and stakeholder engagement. Our study suggests that blockchain evidence may be categorized as hearsay exceptions or non-hearsay, depending on the specific characteristics of the records. The paper proposes a specialized consensus mechanism for standardizing blockchain evidence authentication and outlines strategies to enhance the technology’s trustworthiness. It also highlights the importance of expert testimony in clarifying blockchain’s technical aspects for legal contexts. This study contributes to understanding blockchain’s integration into judicial systems, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to its admissibility and reliability as evidence. It bridges the gap between technology and law, offering a blueprint for standardizing legal approaches to blockchain and urging ethical and transparent technology use.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Private law framework for blockchain 区块链私法框架

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1205461

Mindaugas Kiškis

{"title":"Private law framework for blockchain","authors":"Mindaugas Kiškis","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1205461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1205461","url":null,"abstract":"Current attempts to regulate blockchain technology are mainly based on securities law framework, which considers crypto tokens and digital assets as either securities, currencies or derivatives thereof. The main limitation of such approach lies in its inability to accommodate the diverse legal rights, obligations and assets that blockchain technology can virtually reproduce. Already in 2017–2018 there were attempts to tokenize rights outside of securities law framework, these initiatives served more as makeshift solutions to circumvent securities regulations than as thorough frameworks for managing real-world assets and commercial activities. This article conducts a comparative and historical analysis of blockchain regulatory initiatives in Europe and the US, positing that the regulation of blockchain technology through a securities law lens is driven by reactionary opportunism. Such a basis is deemed inappropriate and insufficient, as securities laws being a field of public law were not designed to govern real-world assets and commerce, which fundamentally rely on the principles of laissez-faire and freedom of contract inherent in private law. A regulatory stance focused solely on public law overlooks the full potential of blockchain technology, and risks stifling innovation and practical applications. To illustrate this, the article presents case study of tokenization of contractual rights demonstrating that securities law-focused legal regulations, such as the EU Regulation 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) and Regulation 2022/858 on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), inadequately address the field of private commerce. Based on the analysis, the article concludes that comprehensive legal framework for blockchain technology shall combine public and private law regime akin to the regulation of traditional rights, obligations and assets.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal basic income on blockchain: the case of circles UBI 区块链上的全民基本收入：圈子 UBI 案例

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1362939

Vangelis Papadimitropoulos, Giannis Perperidis

引用次数: 0

Challenges of user data privacy in self-sovereign identity verifiable credentials for autonomous building access during the COVID-19 pandemic 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，用于楼宇自主出入的自主身份可验证凭证在用户数据隐私方面面临的挑战

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1374655

Denver Naicker, Mackaylan Moodley

引用次数: 0

Enhancing blockchain scalability with snake optimization algorithm: a novel approach 利用蛇形优化算法增强区块链的可扩展性：一种新方法

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1361659

S. S. Taher, S. Ameen, Jihan A. Ahmed

{"title":"Enhancing blockchain scalability with snake optimization algorithm: a novel approach","authors":"S. S. Taher, S. Ameen, Jihan A. Ahmed","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1361659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1361659","url":null,"abstract":"Scalability remains a critical challenge for blockchain technology, limiting its potential for widespread adoption in high-demand transactional systems. This paper proposes an innovative solution to this challenge by applying the Snake Optimization Algorithm (SOA) to a blockchain framework, aimed at enhancing transaction throughput and reducing latency. A thorough literature review contextualizes our work within the current state of blockchain scalability efforts. We introduce a methodology that integrates SOA into the transaction validation process of a blockchain network. The effectiveness of this approach is empirically evaluated by comparing transaction processing times before and after the implementation of SOA. The results show a substantial reduction in latency, with the optimized system achieving lower average transaction times across various transaction volumes. Notably, the latency for processing batches of 10 and 100 transactions decreased from 30.29 ms to 155.66 ms–0.42 ms and 0.37 ms, respectively, post optimization. These findings indicate that SOA is exceptionally efficient in batch transaction scenarios, presenting an inverse scalability behavior that defies typical system performance degradation with increased load. Our research contributes a significant advancement in blockchain scalability, with implications for the development of more efficient and adaptable blockchain systems suitable for high throughput enterprise applications.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data depth and core-based trend detection on blockchain transaction networks 区块链交易网络的数据深度和基于核心的趋势检测

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1342956

Jason Zhu, Arijit Khan, C. Akcora

{"title":"Data depth and core-based trend detection on blockchain transaction networks","authors":"Jason Zhu, Arijit Khan, C. Akcora","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2024.1342956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1342956","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchains are significantly easing trade finance, with billions of dollars worth of assets being transacted daily. However, analyzing these networks remains challenging due to the sheer volume and complexity of the data. We introduce a method named InnerCore that detects market manipulators within blockchain-based networks and offers a sentiment indicator for these networks. This is achieved through data depth-based core decomposition and centered motif discovery, ensuring scalability. InnerCore is a computationally efficient, unsupervised approach suitable for analyzing large temporal graphs. We demonstrate its effectiveness by analyzing and detecting three recent real-world incidents from our datasets: the catastrophic collapse of LunaTerra, the Proof-of-Stake switch of Ethereum, and the temporary peg loss of USDC–while also verifying our results against external ground truth. Our experiments show that InnerCore can match the qualified analysis accurately without human involvement, automating blockchain analysis in a scalable manner, while being more effective and efficient than baselines and state-of-the-art attributed change detection approach in dynamic graphs.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced scalability and privacy for blockchain data using Merklized transactions 利用 Merklized 交易增强区块链数据的可扩展性和隐私性

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2023.1222614

Jack Davies

{"title":"Enhanced scalability and privacy for blockchain data using Merklized transactions","authors":"Jack Davies","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1222614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1222614","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology has evolved beyond the use case of electronic cash and is increasingly used to secure, store, and distribute data for many applications. Distributed ledgers such as Bitcoin have the ability to record data of any kind alongside the transfer of monetary value. This property can be used to provide a source of immutable, tamper-evident data for a wide variety applications spanning from the supply chain to distributed social media. However, this paradigm also presents new challenges regarding the scalability of data storage protocols, such that the data can be efficiently accessed by a large number of users, in addition to maintaining privacy for data stored on the blockchain. Here, we present a new mechanism for constructing blockchain transactions using Merkle trees comprised of transaction fields. Our construction allows for transaction data to be verified field-wise using Merkle proofs. We show how the technique can be implemented either at the system level or as a second layer protocol that does not require changes to the underlying blockchain. This technique allows users to efficiently verify blockchain data by separately checking targeted individual data items stored in transactions. Furthermore, we outline how our protocol can afford users improved privacy in a blockchain context by enabling network-wide data redaction. This feature of our design can be used by blockchain nodes to facilitate easier compliance with regulations such as GDPR and the right to be forgotten.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"53 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart contract life-cycle management: an engineering framework for the generation of robust and verifiable smart contracts 智能合约生命周期管理：生成稳健且可验证的智能合约的工程框架

Frontiers in Blockchain Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2023.1276233

Iqra Mustafa, A. Mcgibney, Susan Rea

{"title":"Smart contract life-cycle management: an engineering framework for the generation of robust and verifiable smart contracts","authors":"Iqra Mustafa, A. Mcgibney, Susan Rea","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1276233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1276233","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of smart contracts (SCs) is becoming more prevalent, and their application is gaining traction across many diverse scenarios. However, producing poorly constructed contracts carries significant risks, including the potential for substantial financial loss, a lack of trust in the technology, and the risk of exposure to cyber-attacks. Several tools exist to assist in developing SCs, but their limited functionality increases development complexity. Expert knowledge is required to ensure contract reliability, resilience, and scalability. To overcome these risks and challenges, tools and services based on modeling and formal techniques are required that offer a robust methodology for SC verification and life-cycle management. This study proposes an engineering framework for the generation of a robust and verifiable smart contract (GRV-SC) framework that covers the entire SC life-cycle from design to deployment stages. It adopts SC modeling and automated formal verification methodologies to detect security vulnerabilities and improve resilience, extensibility, and code optimization to mitigate risks associated with SC development. Initially, the framework includes the implementation of a formal approach, using colored Petri nets (CPNs), to model cross-platform Digital Asset Modeling Language (DAML) SCs. It also incorporates a specialized type safety dynamic verifier, which is designed to detect and address new vulnerabilities that can arise in DAML contracts, such as access control and insecure direct object reference (Idor) vulnerabilities. The proposed GRV-SC framework provides a holistic approach to SC life-cycle management and aims to enhance the security, reliability, and adoption of SCs.","PeriodicalId":426570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Blockchain","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0