{"title":"T-S fuzzy-model-based adaptive cruise control for longitudinal car-following considering vehicle lateral stability","authors":"Changzhu Zhang, Xiaoyu Wei, Zhuping Wang, Hao Zhang, Xuyang Guo","doi":"10.20517/ir.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive cruise control is one of the essential technologies of advanced driver assistance systems, which is used to maintain a safe distance between an ego vehicle and a preceding vehicle and has been extensively applied in the automotive industry and control community. Note that some vehicle manoeuvres may approach handling limits to prevent collisions under complex road conditions, which often leads to vehicle lateral instability while cruising. In this study, a T-S fuzzy model predictive control framework is applied to the problem of adaptive cruise control. Variations in the preceding vehicle velocity and road surface conditions are considered to formulate adaptive cruise control as a tracking control problem of a T-S fuzzy system subject to parameter uncertainties and external persistent perturbations. Then, a robust positively invariant set is introduced to derive an admissible T-S fuzzy controller by solving a min-max optimization problem under a series of linear matrix inequality constraints. Finally, a CarSim/MATLAB joint simulation is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which ensures longitudinal adaptive cruise control for a car-following scenario with lateral vehicle stability.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121502036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyang Chen, Pengqiang Ge, Guina Wang, G. Weng, Hongtian Chen
{"title":"An overview of intelligent image segmentation using active contour models","authors":"Yiyang Chen, Pengqiang Ge, Guina Wang, G. Weng, Hongtian Chen","doi":"10.20517/ir.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"The active contour model (ACM) approach in image segmentation is regarded as a research hotspot in the area of computer vision, which is widely applied in different kinds of applications in practice, such as medical image processing. The essence of ACM is to make use ofuse an enclosed and smooth curve to signify the target boundary, which is usually accomplished by minimizing the associated energy function by means ofthrough the standard descent method. This paper presents an overview of ACMs for handling image segmentation problems in various fields. It begins with an introduction briefly reviewing different ACMs with their pros and cons. Then, some basic knowledge in of the theory of ACMs is explained, and several popular ACMs in terms of three categories, including region-based ACMs, edge-based ACMs, and hybrid ACMs, are detailedly reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages. After that, twelve ACMs are chosen from the literature to conduct three sets of segmentation experiments to segment different kinds of images, and compare the segmentation efficiency and accuracy with different methods. Next, two deep learning-based algorithms are implemented to segment different types of images to compare segmentation results with several ACMs. Experimental results confirm some useful conclusions about their sharing strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, this paper points out some promising research directions that need to be further studied in the future.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126323677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UAV maneuver decision-making via deep reinforcement learning for short-range air combat","authors":"Zhiqiang Zheng, H. Duan","doi":"10.20517/ir.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been applied in unmanned air combat because of its flexibility and practicality. The short-range air combat situation is rapidly changing, and the UAV has to make the autonomous maneuver decision as quickly as possible. In this paper, a type of short-range air combat maneuver decision method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. Firstly, the combat environment, including UAV motion model and the position and velocity relationships, is described. On this basic, the combat process is established. Secondly, some improved points based on proximal policy optimization (PPO) are proposed to enhance the maneuver decision-making ability. The gate recurrent unit (GRU) can help PPO make decisions with continuous timestep data. The actor network's input is the observation of UAV, however, the input of the critic network, named state, includes the blood values which cannot be observed directly. In addition, the action space with 15 basic actions and well-designed reward function are proposed to combine the air combat environment and PPO. In particular, the reward function is divided into dense reward, event reward and end-game reward to ensure the training feasibility. The training process is composed of three phases to shorten the training time. Finally, the designed maneuver decision method is verified through the ablation study and confrontment tests. The results show that the UAV with the proposed maneuver decision method can obtain an effective action policy to make a more flexible decision in air combat.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132827622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facial expression recognition using adapted residual based deep neural network","authors":"I. Bah, Yu-Zhi Xue","doi":"10.20517/ir.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion on our face can determine our feelings, mental state and can directly impact our decisions. Humans are subjected to undergo an emotional change in relation to their living environment and or at a present circumstance. These emotions can be anger, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, surprise or neutral. Due to the intricacy and nuance of facial expressions and their relationship to emotions, accurate facial expression identification remains a difficult undertaking. As a result, we provide an end-to-end system that uses residual blocks to identify emotions and improve accuracy in this research field. After receiving a facial image, the framework returns its emotional state. The accuracy obtained on the test set of FERGIT dataset (an extension of the FER2013 dataset with 49300 images) was 75%. This proves the efficiency of the model in classifying facial emotions as this database poses a bunch of challenges such as imbalanced data, intraclass variance, and occlusion. To ensure the performance of our model, we also tested it on the CK+ database and its output accuracy was 97% on the test set.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127133445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ChatGPT in connected and autonomous vehicles: benefits and challenges","authors":"Lei Lei, Hao Zhang, Simon X. Yang","doi":"10.20517/ir.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"The OpenAI chatbot ChatGPT has achieved unprecedented success since its launch in November 2022. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies behind ChatGPT are expected to have far-reaching effects on various technological fields beyond natural language processing. This editorial discusses the potential benefits and challenges that ChatGPT may bring to the connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). CAVs have been heavily researched in both the automotive and communications industries in recent years, where the AI technologies have played an indispensable role. Exploring how and to what extent ChatGPT will affect this field is an interesting and timely research topic.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123007732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangyi Tang, J. Ni, P. Shi, Yingqi Li, Jinxiu Zhu
{"title":"An improved ViBe-based approach for moving object detection","authors":"Guangyi Tang, J. Ni, P. Shi, Yingqi Li, Jinxiu Zhu","doi":"10.20517/ir.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"Moving object detection is a challenging task in the automatic monitoring field, which plays a crucial role in most video-based applications. The visual background extractor (ViBe) algorithm has been widely used to deal with this problem due to its high detection rate and low computational complexity. However, there are some shortcomings in the general ViBe algorithm, such as the ghost area problem and the dynamic background problem. To deal with these problems, an improved ViBe approach is presented in this paper. In the proposed approach, a mode background modeling method is used to accelerate the process of the ghost elimination. For the detection of moving object in dynamic background, a local adaptive threshold and update rate is proposed for the ViBe approach to detect foreground and update background. Furthermore, an improved shadow removal method is presented, which is based on the HSV color space combined with the edge detection method. Finally, some experiments were conducted, and the results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation control of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles: a review","authors":"T. Yan, Zhe Xu, Simon X. Yang, S. Gadsden","doi":"10.20517/ir.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in formation control of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Several commonly used structures and approaches for formation coordination are listed, and the advantages and deficiencies of each method are discussed. The difficulties confronted in synthesis of a practical AUVs formation system are clarified and analyzed in terms of the characteristic of AUVs, adverse underwater environments, and communication constraints. The state-of-the-art solutions available for addressing these challenges are reviewed comprehensively. Based on that, a brief discussion is made, and a list of promising future work is pointed out, which aims to be helpful for the further promotion of AUVs formation applications.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Zhou, Zhe Sun, Bo Chen, Guangpu Huang, Xiang Wu, Tian Wang
{"title":"Human gait tracking for rehabilitation exoskeleton: adaptive fractional order sliding mode control approach","authors":"Yuan Zhou, Zhe Sun, Bo Chen, Guangpu Huang, Xiang Wu, Tian Wang","doi":"10.20517/ir.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the rehabilitation training effect of hemiplegic patients, in this paper, a discrete adaptive fractional order fast terminal sliding mode control approach is proposed for the lower limb exoskeleton system to implement high-precision human gait tracking tasks. Firstly, a discrete dynamic model is established based on the Lagrange system discretization criterion for the lower limb exoskeleton robot. Then, in order to design a discrete adaptive fractional order fast terminal sliding mode controller, the Grünwald–Letnikov fractional order operator is introduced to combine with fast terminal attractor to construct a fractional order fast terminal sliding surface. An adaptive parameter adjustment strategy is proposed for the reaching law of sliding mode control, which drives the sliding mode to the stable region dynamically. Moreover, the stability of the control system is proved in the sense of Lyapunov, and the guidelines for selecting the control parameters are given. Finally, the simulations are tested on the MATLAB-Opensim co-simulation platform. Compared with the conventional discrete sliding mode control and discrete fast terminal sliding mode control, the results verify the superiority of the proposed method in improving lower limb rehabilitation training.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123277199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unmanned aerial vehicle with handover management fuzzy system for 5G networks: challenges and perspectives","authors":"Thalita Ayass, Thiago Coqueiro, Tássio Carvalho, José Jailton, Jasmine Araújo, Renato Francês","doi":"10.20517/ir.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of wireless networks, 5G, and beyond will bring more complexities and configuration issues to set the new wireless networks, besides requirements for important and new services. These new generations of wireless networks, to be implemented, are in extreme dependence on the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in wireless communication networks has opened several possibilities with increased flexibility and performance. Besides, they are considered as one of the most promising technologies to be used in the new wireless networks. Thus, UAVs are expected to be one of the most important applications to provide a new way of connectivity to the 5G network, and it is expected to grow from being a 19.3 billion USD industry in 2019 to 45.8 billion USD by 2025. In this paper, we provide a proposal of handover management on aerial 5G network utilizing the fuzzy system. The simulations performed prove the benefits of our proposal by QoS/QoE (quality of service/quality of experience) metrics.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131189374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Networked scheduling for decentralized load frequency control","authors":"Chen Peng, H. Yang","doi":"10.20517/ir.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ir.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the scheduling process for multi-area interconnected power systems under shared but band-limited networks and decentralized load frequency controllers. To cope with sub-area information and avoid node collision of large-scale power systems, round-robin and try-once-discard scheduling are used to schedule sampling data among different sub-grids. Different from existing decentralized load frequency control methods, this paper studies multi-packet transmission scheme and introduces scheduling protocols to deal with multi-node collision. Considering the scheduling process and decentralized load frequency controllers, an impulsive power system closed-loop model is well established. Furthermore, sufficient stabilization criteria are derived to obtain decentralized output feedback controller gains and scheduling protocol parameters. Under the designed decentralized output feedback controllers, the prescribed system performances have been achieved. Finally, a three-area power system example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method.","PeriodicalId":426514,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence & Robotics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133926717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}