{"title":"Energy supply considerations for self-sustaining wireless sensor networks","authors":"S. Mahlknecht, M. Roetzer","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462032","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges of designing a power supply including generation, storage and conversion are manifold and design problems are difficult to solve with off-the-shelf hardware components. One has to think about losses all the time when overall leakage currents of less than a few microamperes are desired. In general, reducing the complexity of the circuit reduces the power consumption as well, but efficient charging of an energy storage element such as a battery or ultracapacitor becomes difficult. Finding a well-balanced point where sum of leakage current and charging losses reaches a minimum is the way to go. This paper discusses this issues and shows some diagrams and solutions to the power supply problem one is confronted with, when designing energy self-sufficient sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132052953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further results on sensor network localization using rigidity","authors":"T. Eren, W. Whiteley, P. Belhumeur","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462034","url":null,"abstract":"Two further results, which extend the previous work on the use of rigidity in sensor network localization, are given. The previous work provided the conditions for the localization of an entire network in which some nodes know their locations and other nodes determine their locations by measuring the distances to their neighbors. First, the paper gives the conditions for partial localization of a subnetwork when an entire network is not localizable. Second, the paper gives the conditions for localization in which some nodes know their locations and other nodes determine their locations by measuring the bearings (angle of arrivals) to their neighbors rather than the distances.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A biologically-inspired approach to designing wireless sensor networks","authors":"M. Britton, Venus Shum, L. Sacks, H. Haddadi","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462018","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we contend that there are significant advantages in treating some classes of sensor networks as biological-like systems-both in structural design characteristics and in operational processes. We show how this design process leads to a sensor network system that is robust to topological changes, is scaleable and self-organising and has a number of other desirable features. The operating system kOS was designed to support the operation of distributed biologically-inspired algorithms, in order to accomplish tasks in a sensor network system. We look at the design of kOS and analyse its performance. The work presented has been implemented in an environmental monitoring project and has applications in other areas.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115447801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Hsing Yen, M. Cai, Yang-Min Cheng, Ping-Yuan Yang
{"title":"Minimizing energy expense for chain-based gathering in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Li-Hsing Yen, M. Cai, Yang-Min Cheng, Ping-Yuan Yang","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to minimize energy expense for chain-based data gathering schemes, which is essential to prolong operation lifetime of wireless sensor networks. We propose the concept of virtual chain, where an edge may correspond to a multihop data propagation path to conserve power. In contrast, an edge in previous work can only be a costly direct communication link. Furthermore, we propose a power-efficient leader scheduling scheme which selects the node that has the maximum residual power to be the leader of the chain. In contrast, nodes in previous work play the role of leader by turns, which results in nonuniform energy consumption among sensors. Simulation results show that our strategies successfully conserve power.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125630108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Conti, D. Dardari, C. Buratti, D. Sangiorgi, R. Verdone
{"title":"Impact of contention based MAC on the performance of a wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring","authors":"A. Conti, D. Dardari, C. Buratti, D. Sangiorgi, R. Verdone","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462033","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical framework to evaluate the performance of a dense energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) enabling environment monitoring is developed in this paper. We address the estimation of a target multidimensional process by means of samples that are captured by nodes randomly and uniformly distributed and transmitted to a collector through a self-organizing clustered network. The WSN performance is defined in terms of both process estimation error and network lifetime. A new contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocol is introduced to reduce retransmissions. The impact of the proposed MAC strategy on the energy budget is shown.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129717013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barbancho, F. J. Molina, C. León, J. Ropero, A. Barbancho
{"title":"OLIMPO, an ad-hoc wireless sensor simulator for public utilities applications","authors":"J. Barbancho, F. J. Molina, C. León, J. Ropero, A. Barbancho","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462037","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces OLIMPO, an useful simulation tool for researchers who are developing wireless sensor communication protocols. OLIMPO is a discrete-event simulator design to be easily reconfigured by the user, providing a way to design, develop and test communication protocols. In particular, we have designed a self-organizing wireless sensor network for low data rate. Our premise is that, due to their inherent spread location over large areas, wireless sensor networks are well-suited for SCADA applications, which require relatively simple control and monitoring. To show the facilities of our simulator, we have studied our network protocol with OLIMPO, developing several simulations. The purpose of these simulations is to demonstrate, quantitatively, the capability of our network to support this kind of applications.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121034641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Haapola, Z. Shelby, C. Pomalaza-ráez, P. Mähönen
{"title":"Cross-layer energy analysis of multihop wireless sensor networks","authors":"J. Haapola, Z. Shelby, C. Pomalaza-ráez, P. Mähönen","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461997","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a detailed energy survey of the physical, data link, and network layer by analytical techniques. We also show the impact of regular sleep periods on node energy consumption and present a comparison analysis of single-hop vs. multi-hop communications in the energy realm. A detailed energy expenditure analysis of not only the physical layer but also the link and network layer provides a basis for developing new energy efficient wireless sensor networks. Regular, coordinated sleeping extends the lifetime of sensor nodes, but systems can only benefit from sleeping in terms of transmitted packets if the data arrival rate to the system is low. Energy efficiency is the driving motivation for it can be considered the most important factor for wireless sensor networks because of the power constraints set by battery operation. Radio solutions in the lower ISM bands are attractive because of their relatively easy implementation and low power consumption. However, the data rates of these commercial radios are also relatively low, limiting transmittable frame sizes to a few tens of octets along with strict duty cycle requirements. From the analysis we extract key parameters of selected MAC protocols and show that some traditional mechanisms, such as binary exponential backoff, have some inherent problems. We also argue that single-hop communications has up to 40% lower energy consumption than multihop forwarding within the feasible transmission distances of an ISM radio.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122891269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the impact of the physical layer on energy consumption in sensor networks","authors":"Katja Schwieger, Amrit Kumar, G. Fettweis","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461995","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborating networks built of hundreds or thousands of tiny, simple nodes, usually operating at low duty cycles, transmitting only few bytes of data are commonly referred to as sensor networks. Since nodes are mostly battery operated, the number one design goal is energy efficiency. It has been understood, that the extreme energy demands can only be met by optimizing all layers and even more important, across all layers. In this paper we do thorough analysis of the impact of physical layer parameters, namely detection, modulation and channel on the energy consumption of a node. Moreover, we look at different basic channel access schemes and evaluate their performance under different load conditions.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114509381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative and noncooperative ARQ protocols for microwave recharged sensor nodes","authors":"M. Tacca, P. Monti, A. Fumagalli","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461998","url":null,"abstract":"The generic autonomous platform for sensor systems, or GAP4S, is a maintenance-free wireless sensor network in which the sensor battery needs not be replaced. Power is delivered to the sensor via a microwave signal that is radiated by a base-station. The base-station also acts as the entry point to a wider communication network, e.g., the Internet. This paper describes three automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols that may be used in GAP4S to yield reliable and fair data transmission from the sensor nodes to the base-station. Two of the protocols take advantage of cooperative communication, whereby neighboring sensor nodes help during the retransmission process. The presented analysis on the saturation throughput of the ARQ protocols helps quantify the gain achievable when cooperative communication is used in GAP4S in a variety of working conditions.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sharp, S. Schaffert, A. Woo, N. Sastry, Chris Karlof, S. Sastry, D. Culler
{"title":"Design and implementation of a sensor network system for vehicle tracking and autonomous interception","authors":"C. Sharp, S. Schaffert, A. Woo, N. Sastry, Chris Karlof, S. Sastry, D. Culler","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462002","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the design and implementation of PEG, a networked system of distributed sensor nodes that detects an uncooperative agent called the evader and assists an autonomous robot called the pursuer in capturing the evader. PEG requires embedded network services such as leader election, routing, network aggregation, and closed loop control. Instead of using general purpose distributed system solutions for these services, we employ whole-system analysis and rely on spatial and physical properties to create simple and efficient mechanisms. We believe this approach advances sensor network design, yielding pragmatic solutions that leverage physical properties to simplify design of embedded distributed systems. We deployed PEG on a 400 square meter field using 100 sensor nodes, and successfully intercepted the evader in all runs. We confronted practical issues such as node breakage, packaging decisions, in situ debugging, network reprogramming, and system reconfiguration. We discuss the approaches we took to cope with these issues and share our experiences in deploying a realistic outdoor sensor network system.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130803895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}