{"title":"Localization in nonline-of-sight environments for wireless sensor networks","authors":"A. Tewfik, Seshan Srirangarajan","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462035","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a ranging algorithm for indoor quasistatic sensor environments based on statistical modeling of the multipath channel. Based on the noise and LOS characterization from this model, we use multiple returns (or signal receptions) at each sensor node to accurately estimate the position of the direct path or line-of-sight (LOS) component in the received multipath signal. This provides range estimates with submeter accuracy. Furthermore, the associated ranging error does not increase with increase in the transmitter-receiver range.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pollin, B. Bougard, R. Mangharam, L. Perre, F. Catthoor, R. Rajkumar, I. Moerman
{"title":"Optimizing transmission and shutdown for energy-efficient packet scheduling in sensor networks","authors":"S. Pollin, B. Bougard, R. Mangharam, L. Perre, F. Catthoor, R. Rajkumar, I. Moerman","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462021","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-efficiency is imperative to enable the deployment of sensor networks with satisfactory lifetime. Conventional power management in radio communication primarily focuses independently on the physical layer, medium access control (MAC) or routing and approaches differ depending on the levels of abstraction. At the physical layer, the fundamental trade-off that exists between transmission rate and energy is exploited. This leads to the lazy scheduling approach, which consists of transmitting with the lowest power over the longest feasible duration. At MAC level, power reduction techniques tend to keep the transmission as short as possible to maximize the radio's power-off interval. Those two approaches seem conflicting and it is not clear which one is the most appropriate for a given network scenario. In this paper, we propose a transmission strategy that combines both techniques optimally. We present a cross-layer solution to determine the best transmission strategy taking into account the transceiver power consumption characteristics, the system load and the scenario constraints. Based on this approach, we derive a low complexity, on-line scheduling algorithm that can be used to optimally organize the forwarding of the sensed information from cluster heads to the data sink (uplink) in a hierarchical sensor network. Results, considering Coded Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, show that depending on the scenario, a 50% extra power reduction is achieved in a realistic uplink data gathering context, compared to the case where only transmission rate scaling or shutdown is considered.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128542260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spontaneous synchronization in multihop embedded sensor networks: demonstration of a server-free approach","authors":"A. Bletsas, A. Lippman","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462025","url":null,"abstract":"A common time reference is essential for distributed sensing, especially when the individual sensors are communicating over wireless, possibly through several intermediate nodes. Prior art in time synchronization over multihop wireless sensor networks has focused on centralized solutions that utilize one or more beacons or distributed peer-to-peer approaches, validated only in simulation environments. In this work, we demonstrate distributed synchronization using nearest neighbor communication and no other central point of control. The technique was inspired by natural synchronization in colonies of fireflies and was implemented in an embedded wireless network. The goal was to synchronize speakers and displays at various nodes of the network and quantify the synchronization error as a function of network diameter and communication overhead. One interesting finding was that the error does not scale linearly with the diameter of the network as reported previously in the literature, since it depends on the frequency skew distribution of the participating node oscillators.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129694731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PIC-based TinyOS implementation","authors":"C. Lynch, F. O'Reilly","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462029","url":null,"abstract":"Management of wireless sensor networks is an area of research which aims to minimise the power dissipation of such networks while maximising their functionality. TinyOS is a widely used operating system for modern wireless sensors, as its modular system is flexible yet powerful. In order to port TinyOS to a new platform, the nesC compiler must be adapted and some operating system modules must be ported. We describe the issues involved in running TinyOS on a PIC-based wireless sensor, and how the compiler must be modified to cope with the limited PIC architecture. We show that the final performance is comparable to or better than existing sensor systems for a limited set of applications, but that complex applications are likely to prove extremely difficult to implement.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128750903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An energy efficient scatternet formation algorithm for Bluetooth-based sensor networks","authors":"Sain Saginbekov, I. Korpeoglu","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462012","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient scatternet formation algorithm for Bluetooth based sensor networks. The algorithm is based on first computing a shortest path tree from the base station to all sensor nodes and then solving the degree constraint problem so that the degree of each node in the network is not greater than seven, which is a Bluetooth constraint. In this way, less amount of energy is spent in each round of communication in the sensor network. The algorithm also tries to balance the load evenly on the high-energy consuming nodes which are the nodes that are close to the base station. In this way, the lifetime of the first dying node is also prolonged. We obtained promising results in the simulations.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126425160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power aware many to many routing in wireless sensor and actuator networks","authors":"E. Cayirci, T. Coplu, Ozlem Emiroglu","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462016","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new power aware many-to-many routing protocol for wireless sensor and actuator networks is introduced. The protocol has two versions adapted for three cases. The first version is designed for networks where every node transmits at the same power level. The transmission power level may not be adjustable, or can be adjusted according to a deployment scenario and changed before or after the deployment. The second version is for the case where nodes can individually adjust the transmission power according to the channel conditions and communications distance.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126258879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ritter, J. Schiller, T. Voigt, A. Dunkels, Juan M. Alonso
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of lifetime bounds for wireless sensor networks","authors":"H. Ritter, J. Schiller, T. Voigt, A. Dunkels, Juan M. Alonso","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1461996","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a method for experimental lifetime measurements of sensor networks. Despite the importance of experimental validation, none of the lifetime models proposed so far has been validated experimentally. One of the reasons for the absence of practical validations might be the long lifetime of batteries which make the validation of the proposed models non-trivial and time consuming. Our solution enables validation of lifetime models within a reasonable amount of time. We also use our method to validate a simple mathematical model that provides bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134076627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iacopo Carreras, I. Chlamtac, H. Woesner, Honggang Zhang
{"title":"Nomadic sensor networks","authors":"Iacopo Carreras, I. Chlamtac, H. Woesner, Honggang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462008","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been investigated in their various forms over the last years as they are considered to be a major step towards pervasive computing. Nevertheless, except for military applications WSNs can be found only as 'proof of concept'. Within this paper we analyze the current situation and explain what we call the dilemma of WSN. We show the consequences of the various choices for the sensor node design and propose nomadic sensor networks as a way to introduce sensors into our everyday life in an incremental and cost-effective way. We show the general feasibility of this concept by presenting preliminary analytic and simulation based results, using a simple parking scenario for demonstration purposes.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126638599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cagil Can Oniz, S. E. Tasçi, E. Savaş, Özgür Erçetin, A. Levi
{"title":"SeFER: secure, flexible and efficient routing protocol for distributed sensor networks","authors":"Cagil Can Oniz, S. E. Tasçi, E. Savaş, Özgür Erçetin, A. Levi","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462017","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a secure, flexible, and efficient routing protocol for sensor networks based on random key predistribution. Our protocol aims to establish secure paths in a sensor network between a controller and a set of nodes where each node has been assigned a set of randomly chosen keys out of a key pool. A common model for sensor networks assumes a tree of sensor nodes delivering information to the controller according to an inquiry sent into the network. However, these two nodes may communicate indirectly but securely over a multiple hop path where each pair of nodes on this path shares a common key. Our protocol bridges the gap between these two cases by providing the methods for nodes to securely share their keys and communicate directly so that the efficiency of communications is increased without jeopardizing the security. In this way, our protocol generates secure and efficient routes. We also provide simulation results for our protocol demonstrating that, for a small number of keys stored at each node, the average path length is smaller. However, the gains due to our protocol diminish as the number of available keys at each node increases since two nodes within communication range of each other are more likely to have a key in common.","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121477839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new beacon order adaptation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks","authors":"M. Neugebauer, J. Ploennigs, K. Kabitzsch","doi":"10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EWSN.2005.1462022","url":null,"abstract":"The new IEEE 802.15.4 standard enables deployment of low-rate low-power personal area networks. It provides a mechanism for adaptation of the protocols duty cycle during runtime. In this paper we propose BOAA, a new algorithm for beacon order adaptation in IEEE 802.15.4 star-topology networks. By observing the communication frequency, the coordinator in such a network determines the required duty cycle and adapts the beacon interval accordingly. Investigations reveal that the algorithm enables power saving with a trade-off according to message delay","PeriodicalId":426477,"journal":{"name":"Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2005.","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124362420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}