{"title":"The Scarcity of Resources and Unlimited Wants: How We Fulfill Unlimited Wants by Limited Resources","authors":"S. Barnett","doi":"10.35935/TAX/11.6659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35935/TAX/11.6659","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of human life is infinite. But our resources are limited to meet this shortfall. People feel lacking in their lives after lacking. If he meets a need to give up hope of another one. Only resources can be used properly to combine between infinite deficiencies and limited resources. If we cannot use resources properly then our deficiency or needs cannot be met. Due to lack of resources, due to lack of proper resources or lack of resources, selection is the most important. The problem of infinite loss and lack of resources is possible only when people can choose from the most essential shortcomings from their limitless lack. And in the shortage of resources, it will be able to create consistency in meeting the needs. According to R.G Lipsey, “One of the basic problems encountered in most aspects of economics is the problem of scarcity”. Therefore, the lack of economics and selection of the products and production of essential commodities are a major problem. Thus, production possibility curve rises.","PeriodicalId":426185,"journal":{"name":"Number-1, November 2018","volume":"57 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114050357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tax & Value Added Tax—In View of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Ashiquzzaman","doi":"10.35935/TAX/11.4837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35935/TAX/11.4837","url":null,"abstract":"Most developing counties are increasingly focusing on domestic resource mobilization toward economic development. In this context, tax performance is of crucial importance, especially for a developing country, since it is the prime source for domestic resource mobilization. This article reviews the incidence of income taxation in Bangladesh tax system. The main purpose of the study is to determine how the burden of personal and corporation income taxes is allocated among taxpayers of different income groups. Bangladesh faces many problems in raising sufficient tax revenues to fund its economic and social development. To address this problem and to improve economic efficiency and growth, a major tax reform program was initiated in 1991 which centered on the introduction of a value-added tax (VAT) to replace a range of narrowly-based consumption taxes. This study works as a linkage between theory and practice on Value Added Tax. In this Article focus on the tax, Value added tax, tax in history, definition, collecting problem, advantage, and disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":426185,"journal":{"name":"Number-1, November 2018","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Possible Effects of Personal Income Tax and Value Added Tax on Consumer Behaviors","authors":"Ahmet Ak, Oner Gumus","doi":"10.35935/tax/11.5849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35935/tax/11.5849","url":null,"abstract":"In economics literature, it is accepted that all people are rational and they try to maximize their utilities as possible as they can. In addition, economic theories are formed with the assumptions not suitable to real life. For instance, indifference curves are drawn with the assumptions that there are two goods, people are rational, more is preferred to less and so on. Hence, the consumer behaviors are guessed according to this analysis. Nevertheless, these are invalid in real life. And this inconsistencey are examined by behavioral economics and neuroeconomics. Behavioral economics claims that people can behave what they are not expected since people can be irrational, their willpower is limited and altruistic behaviors can be seen and they can give more value to what they own. As a result of these, consumer behaviors become more different than that of economic theory. In addition to behavioral economics, neuroeconomics also examines consumer behaviors more differently than mainstream economic theory. It emphasizes the people using prefrontial cortex of the brain are more rational than the people using hippocampus of the brain. Therefore, people can make illogical choices compared to economic theory. In these cases, levying taxes such as personal income tax or value added tax can be ineffective or effective. In other words, the effect becomes ambiguous. Hence,the hypothesis that if government desires to levy personal income tax or value added tax, it makes a detailed research in terms of productivity of taxes forms the fundamental of this study.","PeriodicalId":426185,"journal":{"name":"Number-1, November 2018","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Was Wealth Tax Levied in Turkey Between 1942 and 1943 A Crisis?","authors":"Özer Özçelik, Öner Gümüş","doi":"10.35935/TAX/11.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35935/TAX/11.121","url":null,"abstract":"Wealth tax was levied in Turkey in the period which World War II was on the agenda of the World. Put it differently, economic conditions of Turkey was quite bad. To meet the necessities occuring due to the bad conditions, Turkish government levied this tax. Then, an act known as wealth tax act was released. The amount of this tax was unusual. If taxpayers was to pay this, their wealth would decrease and if they was not to pay, they would be sent to work in general services. So, this application brought a debate about this tax. In this study, whether this tax can be accepted as a crisis or not will be debated within the scope of scholars’s views and wealth tax act. And, the study is ended with the hypothesis that wealth tax was a crisis.","PeriodicalId":426185,"journal":{"name":"Number-1, November 2018","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validity of Malthusian Theory of Population in 20th Century in Terms of Using Scientific Technology to the Economic Growth and Strength","authors":"Mahfuzur Rahman","doi":"10.35935/TAX/11.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35935/TAX/11.2113","url":null,"abstract":"In the late eighteenth century, in 1798, England's renowned economist Thomas Malthus, in his book ‘Essay on the Principal of Population’1, propounded a stirring theory about population, according to his name, it is called the Malthusian Population Theory. Malthus discussed the problem of population increase in the food supply and the scarcity of production rule. According to Malthus, population increases in geometric rates and food production increases at arithmetical rate. In the twentieth century, we will see how logical the population theory of Malthus is in today's world and how unreasonable. Although the population theory of Malthus is somewhat true for the underdeveloped countries. Due to the development and use of science and technology in the present world, the population theory of Malthas has been criticized by various modern economists.","PeriodicalId":426185,"journal":{"name":"Number-1, November 2018","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129018725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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