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The Intellectual as Culture Warrior 作为文化战士的知识分子
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10055
Eliah Bures
{"title":"The Intellectual as Culture Warrior","authors":"Eliah Bures","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A major development on the European far right since 1945 is the turn to a ‘metapolitics’ supposedly influenced by the Italian Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci. Metapolitics, in this sense, deemphasizes electoral politics in favor of intellectual activism and the pursuit of ‘cultural hegemony’ as a prelude to seizing political power. This article examines the metapolitics of the European New Right ( ENR ) from a new theoretical and historical perspective. It argues that the literature of the US ‘culture wars’ better explains the ENR ’s practice than any reception of Gramsci. And it presents ENR metapolitics not as the strategic reformulation of interwar fascism but as part of a broad transatlantic backlash against the leftist successes of the 1960s. This approach better accounts for ENR intellectuals’ function as ‘culture warriors’ specializing in demonization and mastery of the tools of public discourse.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135047865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Front matter 前页
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-01201000
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引用次数: 0
Creating the ‘New Fascist Man’ 创造“新法西斯人”
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10057
Michelangelo Borri
{"title":"Creating the ‘New Fascist Man’","authors":"Michelangelo Borri","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The creation of the Fascist New Man was one of the primary objectives of the Mussolini regime. This article aims to examine the theme by way of a specific case study of the physician and Fascist party official Giorgio Alberto Chiurco. A Fascist ‘of the first hour’ and faithful follower of Mussolini, Chiurco expressed his commitment to the project of creating a new Italian man with activity in various sectors. In medicine and sports, by promoting the training of new generations that would be healthy and athletic. In eugenics, by promoting the defense of the national genetic heritage from the ‘peril’ of contamination. In politics and culture, by promoting the so-called fascistization of schools and universities. All this activity shows, on the one hand, the important contribution made by single individuals to the totalitarian project of the regime and, on the other, the efficacy with which Fascism succeeded in orienting the activities of intellectuals and scientists on a national and international level.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oath Keepers: Patriotism and the Edge of Violence in a Right-Wing Antigovernment Group , by Sam Jackson 《誓言守护者:右翼反政府组织中的爱国主义和暴力边缘》，山姆·杰克逊著
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10061
Shane Burley
{"title":"Oath Keepers: Patriotism and the Edge of Violence in a Right-Wing Antigovernment Group , by Sam Jackson","authors":"Shane Burley","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Latinism and Hispanism in the Hispano-American Right in Interwar Spain and Argentina 在两次世界大战之间的西班牙和阿根廷，西班牙裔美国人权利中的拉丁主义和西班牙语主义
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10053
Maximiliano Fuentes Codera
{"title":"Latinism and Hispanism in the Hispano-American Right in Interwar Spain and Argentina","authors":"Maximiliano Fuentes Codera","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the first decades of the twentieth century conceptions about Latinism and Hispanism were fundamental to constructing transnational discourses at the service of national causes in Europe and Latin America. In this framework, both in Argentina and Spain the new Right emerged in the heat of the fin-de-siècle carrying new visions on Latinism and Hispanism. During the First World War Latinism and Hispanism were harshly confronted. After the conflict, a process of ‘cross-fertilization’ took place in both countries. In the interwar period, authoritarian movements and right-wing regimes shared a series of political objectives, a common vision, and the feeling of being part of a historical mission against communism in the name of a ‘Catholic civilization’. In the context of the Spanish Civil War a ‘Catholic renaissance’ unfolded: a Hispanism that included a Latinist dimension was projected both in Francisco Franco’s Spain and unstable pre-Perón’s Argentina.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135047864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building the European ‘New Order’ 构建欧洲“新秩序”
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10058
António Costa Pinto
{"title":"Building the European ‘New Order’","authors":"António Costa Pinto","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Military occupation is the maximum level of political intervention based on coercion, but even under Axis rule, the institutional design of dictatorships by their ‘collaborationist’ elites was influenced by different models and political families. Military occupation opened a window of opportunity for the takeover of power by different segments of authoritarian and fascist elites, and the tension and forced pacts between different projects of dictatorial institutionalizations were a clear sign of this dynamic process. This article examines how the complicated relationship between the radical right, authoritarian conservatives and fascists were present in the institutional crafting of new regimes.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction: Re-assessing the Metaxas Dictatorship (1936–1941)—Greek Fascism or Old-Style Authoritarianism? 社论导言:重新评估梅塔克萨斯独裁(1936-1941)——希腊法西斯主义还是旧式威权主义?
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10047
Aristotle Kallis, George Souvlis
{"title":"Editorial Introduction: Re-assessing the Metaxas Dictatorship (1936–1941)—Greek Fascism or Old-Style Authoritarianism?","authors":"Aristotle Kallis, George Souvlis","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are few more challenging tests of fascist core-periphery topographies than the case of interwar Greece. Greece can claim no significant fascist movement in the interwar years; no significant fascist political party; and no dictatorial regime inspired by a genuinely revolutionary ultranationalist vision. In the last category, the only possible candidate, the 4th of August dictatorial regime headed by the retired general Ioannis Metaxas, was established late (1936) and lasted only for a few short years until the death of the dictator (January 1941). The contributions to this special issue on interwar Greece feature not only diverse aspects of the Metaxas regime but also offer broader perspectives on the ideological and political dynamics of fascism across the 1920s and 1930s. This special issue intends to build bridges between historical and sociological approaches; between the study of ideas and the analysis of policies; between contextual specificities and international trends; and, in the end, between recent historiographies of generic fascism and of modern Greek history. Collectively, the contributions also evince a plea to take the fascist experience and the potential for radical ruptures in interwar Greece more seriously.</p>","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the ‘Nobleman’s Sword’ to the ‘Flag of the Fascist Ideals’ 从“诺贝尔之剑”到“法西斯理想旗帜”
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10043
Vassilios A. Bogiatzis
{"title":"From the ‘Nobleman’s Sword’ to the ‘Flag of the Fascist Ideals’","authors":"Vassilios A. Bogiatzis","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the ideological trajectory of Ioannis Metaxas and his intellectual Weltanschauung. It argues that he was strongly influenced by several German developments, including the Kultur vs. Zivilisation debate. Furthermore, from the 1920s he explicitly transformed key fascist ideas and drew on those of the ‘Conservative Revolution’. It shows that Metaxas addressed all key historical developments, from the turn of the century, to the establishment of his dictatorship, to the Second World War, through his ideological and intellectual prism: national reconstruction and palingenesis and a new cultural orientation for the Greek nation. Metaxas’s thinking is examined from its formative period in Germany (1899–1903) to his dictatorship (1936–1941). The methodological framework draws on the work of Peter Wagner, who conceives the period from 1870 to 1940 as the heyday of the ‘first crisis of modernity’; the work of Roger Griffin, Aristotle Kallis, and António Costa Pinto centred around the palingenetic, modernist dynamic of fascism; and finally, the notion of ‘intellectual appropriation of technology’ developed by Mikael Hård and Andrew Jamison.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Britain’s Contemporary Extreme Right in Context 当代英国的极右势力
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10049
Craig Fowlie
{"title":"Britain’s Contemporary Extreme Right in Context","authors":"Craig Fowlie","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"The scholarly literature on British fascism is not lacking in research monographs and edited collections examining every aspect of the subject—history, ideology, leaders, organisational developments, electoral support, discourse, social movements, subcultures, and transnational links.1 What has been missing until recently has been a more basic introduction aimed at readers, not steeped in the literature. The two titles under consideration here both draw on that rich seam of scholarship but are deliberately written to appeal to a nonspecialist audience.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women and Femininity under the Metaxas Regime in Greece 希腊梅塔克萨斯政权下的妇女和女性气质
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10050
Rosa Vasilaki
{"title":"Women and Femininity under the Metaxas Regime in Greece","authors":"Rosa Vasilaki","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Authoritarian regimes place significant emphasis on gender roles as part of their ‘imagined communities’, where everyone has their place attributed through evocation of the nation’s ‘history’ and ‘mission’. By placing gender at the core of historical analysis, this article examines the antinomies related to the role of women, and the shifting perceptions of femininity, under the Metaxas regime. It examines the female branch of the National Youth Organisation (EON), a laboratory of a ‘new femininity’, analyses the regime’s discourses and idealised representations of femininity and masculinity, and offers critical exploration of affinities between the Metaxist understanding of womanhood and pre-existing aspects of Greek interwar feminism. The article interprets from these fields the oscillations and contradictions marking Metaxist ideology and practices via-à-vis the role of women, and in doing so sheds new light upon the character of the regime itself.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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