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Oath Keepers: Patriotism and the Edge of Violence in a Right-Wing Antigovernment Group , by Sam Jackson 《誓言守护者:右翼反政府组织中的爱国主义和暴力边缘》，山姆·杰克逊著
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10061
Shane Burley
{"title":"Oath Keepers: Patriotism and the Edge of Violence in a Right-Wing Antigovernment Group , by Sam Jackson","authors":"Shane Burley","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Latinism and Hispanism in the Hispano-American Right in Interwar Spain and Argentina 在两次世界大战之间的西班牙和阿根廷，西班牙裔美国人权利中的拉丁主义和西班牙语主义
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10053
Maximiliano Fuentes Codera
{"title":"Latinism and Hispanism in the Hispano-American Right in Interwar Spain and Argentina","authors":"Maximiliano Fuentes Codera","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the first decades of the twentieth century conceptions about Latinism and Hispanism were fundamental to constructing transnational discourses at the service of national causes in Europe and Latin America. In this framework, both in Argentina and Spain the new Right emerged in the heat of the fin-de-siècle carrying new visions on Latinism and Hispanism. During the First World War Latinism and Hispanism were harshly confronted. After the conflict, a process of ‘cross-fertilization’ took place in both countries. In the interwar period, authoritarian movements and right-wing regimes shared a series of political objectives, a common vision, and the feeling of being part of a historical mission against communism in the name of a ‘Catholic civilization’. In the context of the Spanish Civil War a ‘Catholic renaissance’ unfolded: a Hispanism that included a Latinist dimension was projected both in Francisco Franco’s Spain and unstable pre-Perón’s Argentina.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135047864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building the European ‘New Order’ 构建欧洲“新秩序”
Fascism Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10058
António Costa Pinto
{"title":"Building the European ‘New Order’","authors":"António Costa Pinto","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Military occupation is the maximum level of political intervention based on coercion, but even under Axis rule, the institutional design of dictatorships by their ‘collaborationist’ elites was influenced by different models and political families. Military occupation opened a window of opportunity for the takeover of power by different segments of authoritarian and fascist elites, and the tension and forced pacts between different projects of dictatorial institutionalizations were a clear sign of this dynamic process. This article examines how the complicated relationship between the radical right, authoritarian conservatives and fascists were present in the institutional crafting of new regimes.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction: Re-assessing the Metaxas Dictatorship (1936–1941)—Greek Fascism or Old-Style Authoritarianism? 社论导言:重新评估梅塔克萨斯独裁(1936-1941)——希腊法西斯主义还是旧式威权主义?
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10047
Aristotle Kallis, George Souvlis
{"title":"Editorial Introduction: Re-assessing the Metaxas Dictatorship (1936–1941)—Greek Fascism or Old-Style Authoritarianism?","authors":"Aristotle Kallis, George Souvlis","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are few more challenging tests of fascist core-periphery topographies than the case of interwar Greece. Greece can claim no significant fascist movement in the interwar years; no significant fascist political party; and no dictatorial regime inspired by a genuinely revolutionary ultranationalist vision. In the last category, the only possible candidate, the 4th of August dictatorial regime headed by the retired general Ioannis Metaxas, was established late (1936) and lasted only for a few short years until the death of the dictator (January 1941). The contributions to this special issue on interwar Greece feature not only diverse aspects of the Metaxas regime but also offer broader perspectives on the ideological and political dynamics of fascism across the 1920s and 1930s. This special issue intends to build bridges between historical and sociological approaches; between the study of ideas and the analysis of policies; between contextual specificities and international trends; and, in the end, between recent historiographies of generic fascism and of modern Greek history. Collectively, the contributions also evince a plea to take the fascist experience and the potential for radical ruptures in interwar Greece more seriously.</p>","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the ‘Nobleman’s Sword’ to the ‘Flag of the Fascist Ideals’ 从“诺贝尔之剑”到“法西斯理想旗帜”
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10043
Vassilios A. Bogiatzis
{"title":"From the ‘Nobleman’s Sword’ to the ‘Flag of the Fascist Ideals’","authors":"Vassilios A. Bogiatzis","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the ideological trajectory of Ioannis Metaxas and his intellectual Weltanschauung. It argues that he was strongly influenced by several German developments, including the Kultur vs. Zivilisation debate. Furthermore, from the 1920s he explicitly transformed key fascist ideas and drew on those of the ‘Conservative Revolution’. It shows that Metaxas addressed all key historical developments, from the turn of the century, to the establishment of his dictatorship, to the Second World War, through his ideological and intellectual prism: national reconstruction and palingenesis and a new cultural orientation for the Greek nation. Metaxas’s thinking is examined from its formative period in Germany (1899–1903) to his dictatorship (1936–1941). The methodological framework draws on the work of Peter Wagner, who conceives the period from 1870 to 1940 as the heyday of the ‘first crisis of modernity’; the work of Roger Griffin, Aristotle Kallis, and António Costa Pinto centred around the palingenetic, modernist dynamic of fascism; and finally, the notion of ‘intellectual appropriation of technology’ developed by Mikael Hård and Andrew Jamison.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Britain’s Contemporary Extreme Right in Context 当代英国的极右势力
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10049
Craig Fowlie
{"title":"Britain’s Contemporary Extreme Right in Context","authors":"Craig Fowlie","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"The scholarly literature on British fascism is not lacking in research monographs and edited collections examining every aspect of the subject—history, ideology, leaders, organisational developments, electoral support, discourse, social movements, subcultures, and transnational links.1 What has been missing until recently has been a more basic introduction aimed at readers, not steeped in the literature. The two titles under consideration here both draw on that rich seam of scholarship but are deliberately written to appeal to a nonspecialist audience.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women and Femininity under the Metaxas Regime in Greece 希腊梅塔克萨斯政权下的妇女和女性气质
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10050
Rosa Vasilaki
{"title":"Women and Femininity under the Metaxas Regime in Greece","authors":"Rosa Vasilaki","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Authoritarian regimes place significant emphasis on gender roles as part of their ‘imagined communities’, where everyone has their place attributed through evocation of the nation’s ‘history’ and ‘mission’. By placing gender at the core of historical analysis, this article examines the antinomies related to the role of women, and the shifting perceptions of femininity, under the Metaxas regime. It examines the female branch of the National Youth Organisation (EON), a laboratory of a ‘new femininity’, analyses the regime’s discourses and idealised representations of femininity and masculinity, and offers critical exploration of affinities between the Metaxist understanding of womanhood and pre-existing aspects of Greek interwar feminism. The article interprets from these fields the oscillations and contradictions marking Metaxist ideology and practices via-à-vis the role of women, and in doing so sheds new light upon the character of the regime itself.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
International Fascism and the Allure of the ‘Third Way’ in Interwar Greece 国际法西斯主义和“第三条道路”在两次世界大战之间的希腊的诱惑
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10048
Aristotle Kallis
{"title":"International Fascism and the Allure of the ‘Third Way’ in Interwar Greece","authors":"Aristotle Kallis","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rise and victory of Italian Fascism in the first half of the 1920s passed Greece by. Yet soon afterwards the international experience of ‘fascism’ found more receptive audiences within the prodigious dissident ‘third spaces’ where more and more mainstream Greek political actors chose to operate in the interwar period. This article explores the dynamics of the ideological and political formation of ‘third ways’ in interwar Greece, paying attention to the interplay between international stimuli and local contextual singularities. In these thirding spaces ‘fascism’ was understood and operationalised in very different, subjective, and ever-shifting ways by each of these actors. It was regarded mostly as a potential component of diverse thirding processes/solutions and rarely as the desired outcome thereof. This explains why fascism came to inform a range of very different thirding projects in interwar Greece—from pursuing rupture and renewal to aspiring to status quo-affirmation; from liberal to conservative to authoritarian visions; from searching for a short-term ‘remedy’ to envisioning a long-term radical transformation.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What’s in a Name? 名字里有什么?
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10051
Yannis Stamos
{"title":"What’s in a Name?","authors":"Yannis Stamos","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ‘Third Hellenic Civilisation’ was the principal propaganda innovation of the 4th of August regime and the core myth underpinning its ideological hegemony. Though regularly referred to as the central ideological slogan of the regime, there are no extensive discussions of its meaning and uses. This article attempts a comprehensive analysis of the term and the ways this futural discourse was employed as an instrument of legitimacy. By declaring the connection of the Third Hellenic Civilisation to art, literature, and culture in general, and granting the cultural field relative independence, Metaxas enabled intellectuals to assay their own interpretations of its meaning and proposals for its attainment. The article approaches the Third Hellenic Civilisation as a compound construct that was intended to act as a new ‘sacred canopy’, presenting the dialogue between official and intellectual discourses on its central aspects.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Libido, Psychic Eugenics and Abnormality 性欲，精神优生学和异常
IF 0.3
Fascism Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10044
Demetra Tzanaki
{"title":"Libido, Psychic Eugenics and Abnormality","authors":"Demetra Tzanaki","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article attempts to resituate the Greek regime of 4th of August 1936 within the wider context of interwar fascism in Europe and address it as fascist ideology and practice. It does so by pointing to the ways in which the biomedical discourse on gender and sexuality was pivotal in Ioannis Metaxas’s project in terms of playing a crucial role in normalising ideas of racial, class, sexual and gender hierarchy. The article has two areas of focus. The first approaches the eugenic discourse developed in Greece and Europe under liberal governments. This relied on the premise that the mental or psychic disorders it accounted for, identified mainly among the lower classes, were diagnosed as diseases of the ‘libidinous libido’ when it came to criminality, poverty, strikes, psychic diseases and brutal deaths. The second area of focus reveals how, once trained to detect biological and psychical anomalies, Metaxas’s regime managed to perform something that now gives the impression of a magic trick: by waving the wand of psychiatric technocracy over a scene of profound economic inequality, it cultivated an authoritarian, patriarchal, biomedical discourse on psychic normality.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43232124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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