Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Human Factor in Maritime Accidents: A Focus on Compass-Related Incidents","authors":"Tanja Brcko, Ivica Pavić, J. Mišković, Andrej Androjna","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.w01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.w01","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents at sea can have devastating consequences, and investigating their causes is a complex and rigorous process. One of the most important factors contributing to these accidents is the human factor, which has received considerable attention from researchers in recent years. This article examines the role of the human factor in marine accidents, focusing the use and maintenance of compasses. Using data from scientific journals and safety analysis reports, the frequency and focus of research on this topic is analyzed and areas for further investigation are identified. International regulations, performance standards, and handling requirements relating to compasses are also discussed, and an analysis of compass-related accidents is presented. The survey conducted among seafarers indicates that they are satisfied with the performance of their compass, but there is a need for more advanced compass technologies and training on the proper use and maintenance of compasses. The survey shows that routine maintenance and calibration of compasses is crucial to minimize the possibility of human error and to prevent maritime accidents. In conclusion, we stress the importance of conducting further studies in this area taking into account the human factor in order to improve maritime safety measures.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90232906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territorial Waters as Ambiguous Legal Concept in International Law","authors":"K. Lapa, Ermal Xhelilaj","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.013","url":null,"abstract":"The legal concept of the territorial waters’ regime was developed for the first time during the 16th and 17th centuries, a period of time that coincided with the formation of the system of independent states with defined territories, which were generally characterized by the ability to possess certain rights to regulate according to national interests the maritime activities developed in the maritime zones near their coastline. During this period Grotius, who is considered among the founders of international law, despite emphasizing that states should not possess sovereign rights over maritime zones, generally accepted the existence of the exercise of jurisdiction over coastal waters by states that could control effectively from the continent these specific maritime zones. At the end of the 18th century, the distinguished author Bynkershoek, while preparing the work De Dominio Maris Dissertation, published in 1702, relied extensively on the basic legal concepts of freedom of the seas and state sovereignty over coastal waters. Vattel, another well-known scholar, in Le Droit des Gens (1758), reflected his reliance on the writings of Grotius, Gentile, and Bynkershoek, underlining that coastal states enjoy sovereign rights over their coastal waters, but must allow the ships of other states to navigate peacefully through these waters. Nowadays, the territorial waters’ regime is considered a crucial concept for the national interest of coastal states. In this regard, due to the importance it represents for coastal states and the international system in general, the legal regime of ​​territorial waters should be analyzed more extensively in order to better comprehend this paramount legal notion. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the legal concept of the regime of territorial waters within the framework of international law.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85559233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Analysis for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Aggregation Operators and VIKOR","authors":"A. Mentes, Nurlan Abbasli","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.014","url":null,"abstract":"In various engineering actions, potential hazards are reduced, calculated, or controlled using a variety of risk analysis methodologies. The FMEA, or Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, is a very efficient strategy that may be used in this situation. When evaluating safety concerns, failure modes' likely causes and consequences are considered. Serious failures in the FMEA are identified using the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The RPN considers the effect of the probability of occurrence, probability of detection and severity by multiplying these three parameters. However, because of the formula's various flaws, it is frequently criticized.\u0000In the current work, a hybrid approach using ViseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and geometric averaging of ordered weights (OWGA) as an aggregation operator is used to assess risk for offshore wind turbines. While the OWGA technique is used to provide weight to risk indices, the VIKOR method is used to assess the relevance of failure modes of offshore wind turbine components. The method's final findings show it solves the issues with the traditional RPN technique and produces more logical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75104402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic Performance and Acoustic Response of Ship Propeller","authors":"S. P. Sanaka, Pardhasaradhi N, D. K","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to predict the hydrodynamic performance and noise generated by the propeller at different advance ratio and the speed of the propeller. Three bladed, DTMB 4119 propeller model was created using the NACA66 modified line, a = 0.8 hydrofoil profile. ANSYS Workbench software is used for mesh generation and computational analysis. A large-eddy simulation turbulence model and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH) acoustic model is used for all simulations. A moving reference frame is used to simulate the rotational effects of the propeller. The speed of the propeller is 792 rpm, the propeller being 0.2 m, and inlet velocity is varied to study the effect of the advance ratio. A transient analysis is carried out using a time step value of 0.0005 seconds and the total simulation time is 0.6 seconds. The hydrodynamic performance parameters are validated by comparing with the experimental data available in the literature. The sound pressure level (SPL) is plotted over the frequency range of 0 to 1000 Hz at different locations, speed, and an advance ratio of 0.5, 0.7, 0.833, and 0.9,1. The structural, acoustic and hydrodynamic behaviour of the propeller was predicted using a two-way fluid structure interaction at an advance ratio of 0.833. The major conclusions drawn from the analysis are that the sound pressure level values are increased at the propeller off-design conditions and varying with the receiver locations. The data generated from this study is useful for the designers to carry out further research in order to reduce the noise generated from the propeller.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88121293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Product Economy in Terengganu during the Administration of Sultan Muhammad Syah II 1918-1920","authors":"Ruhaizan Sulaiman, Hanif Md Lateh, Abdul-Rasul Z. Ibrahim, A. Ismail","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.016","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at identifying the economic development that focused on marine products during the administration of Sultan Muhammad Syah II in Terengganu from 1918-1920. During this period, the state of Terengganu showed an auspicious economic development of seafood. The sea product economy includes dried fish, anchovies, budu, belacan, and pickled fish. Qualitative research methods are used based on primary sources such as annual reports, telegrams, correspondence, memoranda, and official reports obtained from the Terengganu Government Secretary's Office, the Terengganu Badariah Palace Office, the Land and Mines Commissioner's Office, and the British Colonial Office, which are analysed using a historical approach. Secondary sources are also used to strengthen the data and research findings, including books, journals, encyclopedias, and theses. The study's findings show the sea product economy to be the leading economy among the Malay community in Terengganu. Seafood products became an essential source of economic strength for the community and state of Terengganu during the administration of Sultan Muhammad Syah II from 1918-1920. This is because marine products are the main export commodity of Terengganu compared to other export commodities, based on the quantity and value of exports every year. The conclusion from the study explains that, although Sultan Muhammad Syah II ruled Terengganu for a period of fewer than two years, from November 26, 1918, to May 11, 1920, His Majesty Sultan Muhammad Syah II placed great importance on the economic development of the community in improving the standard of living and income of the community, most of whom were involved in the sea product economy. The export commodity of many marine products is to meet the needs of the local and foreign markets. Terengganu's Big Boat for trading activities also boosted the seafood economy in Terengganu. This proves that Terengganu is a state rich in marine resources, which have thereby become the highest export commodity product.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75472993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integral Approach to Vulnerability Assessment of Ship’s Critical Equipment and Systems","authors":"O. Melnyk, S. Onyshchenko, O.А. Onishchenko, O.V. Lohinov, Valentyna Ocheretna","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.002","url":null,"abstract":"The digital transformation of the maritime industry is almost a fait accompli. Merchant ships today use computing and cyber-dependent technologies for navigation, communications, cargo operations, environmental monitoring, and many other purposes. Nowadays, entire industries and businesses are becoming increasingly dependent on data arrays, and the maritime sector is fully experiencing this transformation.  A modern commercial ship is unthinkable without digital technology, and the reasons for the deep digitalization of the fleet are numerous. Emergency systems such as safety monitoring, fire detection and alarms are increasingly reliant on cyber technology. Therefore, cybersecurity is a critical component of ship and shipping safety, and cyber-attacks on maritime transport are a very likely problem. These risks will only increase with the further development of information technology. This article proposes approaches to identifying cyber threats as well as a probabilistic assessment of ship cybersecurity, which is based on an integral approach to assessing the vulnerability of shipboard critical equipment and systems. Estimated probabilities of target and non-target cybersecurity breaches of the ship, as well as their overall probability, which allows considering all chains of events leading to a certain consequence associated with potential losses. The model of probability assessment of ship cybersecurity violation and its consequences, which allows evaluation of possible losses as a result of these events, is presented and mathematically described.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"4 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72696238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship Safety Officers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Near-Miss Management Systems","authors":"Nermin Hasanspahić, Srđan Vujičić, Mario Mandušić","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.w07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.w07","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike learning from accidents, learning from near misses is based on events that caused no injuries or damage. Therefore, reporting and investigating near-miss events in shipping could be considered a more convenient means of reducing accidents and safety improvements than accident investigations. However, to facilitate learning from near misses, an adequate and efficient Near-Miss Management System must be implemented on board ship. Since ship Masters and Safety Officers are responsible for the efficiency of the Near-Miss Management System (NMMS) on the shipboard side, their attitudes and opinions on implemented systems might be considered indicators of its quality. Therefore, the questionnaire was developed and distributed among Masters and Safety Officers to collect their perceptions of and attitudes toward Near-Miss Management Systems. Furthermore, the paper aims to examine the relationship between the respondents' ranks (Masters and Safety Officers), the type of ship they are serving on, and their attitudes toward Near-Miss Management. The data analysis showed that most respondents are satisfied with the Near-Miss Management Systems implemented on their ships but consider near-misses underreported. Moreover, analysis results showed that there are no significant differences in attitudes towards NMMS between ranks and types of ships.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77256021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Criteria and Scenarios Relevant for Development of Seaports of County and Local Importance in the Republic of Croatia","authors":"Alen Jugović, Jelena Jardas Antonić, Dea Aksentijević","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.009","url":null,"abstract":"The development of seaports is a complex process influenced by a number of external factors, from the economic ones to the social environment. Seaports differ from each other in their spatial and functional characteristics, the complexity and purpose of their operation, as well as the need for investment and additional construction of port infrastructure and superstructure, so their development must be approached analytically. In order for the proposed development guidelines to be applicable to ports with similar characteristics, it is necessary to define criteria for their classification. Relevant criteria for classifying and planning the development of seaports are derived from: laws and regulations established by legal regulations, goals and plans proposed by current strategic documents, and spatial plans that set the conditions for planning, forming and developing ports in a certain area. The purpose of this scientific work is to determine which national and regional regulations and documents affect the development of regional ports in the Republic of Croatia, and to define classification criteria that will serve as a basis for the formation of development directions for seaports.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86165400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Charter or Trip Charter? An Assessment of Market Efficiency in Shipping Market","authors":"Kasra Pourkermani","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the economic value of charter hire rate forecasts in the bulk shipping industry for ship operators by introducing a chartering strategy defined as a sequence of different types of contracts that maximises profit. Ship operators are assumed to divide ship use to trip charter and time charter market depending on the quarterly excess charter hire rate forecasts, i.e. the difference between time charter and trip charter (spot) rates. Ship operators use the recursive forecasting approach and switch the chartering strategy across the two positions. The decision is based on economic measurement rather than statistical significance. The economic benefits realized by ship operators who apply our forecasting rules exceed those derived from the fixed policy approach of using either alternative, and will be used to disprove the validity of the efficient market hypothesis. The paper applies the regression methodology and forecasts two steps ahead of quarterly spot prices regressed recursively on fixed variables, thus extending research in terms of the scope of analysis. We have applied statistical evaluation in addition to the economic evaluation and found that the proposed model outperforms the historical mean forecast. This paper emphasizes the importance of a sound diversification strategy within the business platform to target the more profitable business segment and test if macroeconomic indicators and commodity prices are satisfactory indicators for forecasting charter hire rate.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79580874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Requirements for Passenger Terminal Development (Case Study of Zadar County)","authors":"Alen Jugović, D. Gračan, Marina Barkiđija Sotošek","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n01.w04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n01.w04","url":null,"abstract":"Cruising as part of nautical tourism is an important segment of maritime passenger transportation. Nautical tourism and cruise tourism have developed over the years and are experiencing increasing demand, with the exception of the pandemic period, when cruise tourism did not experience positive trends. In normal tourism conditions, high growth requires an increase in supply, which can have negative consequences for the environment. This is especially true when the destination where cruise tourism is developing has a fragile ecosystem. At a time when environmental sustainability and responsibility are becoming increasingly important, tourism supply is implementing the parameters of sustainability in its development, and cruise tourism is no exception. However, the fact is that the development of passenger terminals inevitably changes the view of the coast. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly define the parameters whose reconstruction is necessary for the construction of a passenger terminal and for which it is necessary to analyze the impact on the environment in order to make the construction itself environmentally friendly.\u0000Systematic analysis is the most appropriate method for delineating the parameters whose reconstruction could harm the environment and have negative effects on the sustainability of the ecosystem as well as on tourism and locals in the area.\u0000The results of the analysis conducted on the example of capacity construction in the coastal region of Zadar County show that special consideration must be given to protected natural values, landscape properties, population, purpose and use of space, noise and air.\u0000It can be concluded that disregarding all the construction parameters described in the study and emphasizing the financial benefits could affect the ecosystem in the long run. Besides the analyses, the proposal for the environmental monitoring program was elaborated on in this paper.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83255985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}