East European Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"Structure and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Polysaccharide and Polyacrylamide","authors":"S. Inagamov, U. A. Asrorov, Erkin B. Xujanov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-32","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the structure and physico-mechanical properties of films of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) with linear polyacrylamide (PAA) have been studied. Polyelectrolyte complexes were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of Na-CMC and PAA components in various ratios of components and pH of the medium. The structure of the obtained products was determined using IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. IR spectra in the range 400–4000 cm-1 were recorded on NIKOLET Magna-560 IR and Specord-75IR spectrophotometers (Carl Zeiss, GDR). The mechanical properties of films of polyelectrolyte complexes were determined by stretching at a constant speed of movement of the lower clamp, 50 mm/min, on an Instron-1100 automatic dynamometer (England) at room temperature. IR spectroscopic data showed that polyelectrolyte complexes based on Na-CMC and PAA were stabilized due to the cooperative ionic bond between Na-CMC carboxylate anions (-COO-) and amine groups (-NH2) of polyacrylamide. It is shown that PEC films with an equimolar ratio of Na-CMC and PAA components have an increased value of mechanical strength (σр = 38 MPa), elastic modulus (Е = 73 MPa) and a minimum relative elongation (ε = 0.5%). And in excess of Na-CMC or PAA leads to a decrease in mechanical strength and elastic modulus, which is associated with a decrease in the frequency of intermolecular bonds. It has been ascertained that water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes based on Na-CMC and PAA with increased strength properties can be obtained from solutions of components taken at an equimolar ratio of interacting components. By changing the ratio of components, properties such as mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity and elongation can be controlled. This can serve as one of the means of controlling the structure and properties of Na-CMC and PAA polyelectrolyte complexes. The regulation of the physico-mechanical properties of PEC films opens up wide opportunities for their use as a soil structure former in agriculture and water management and as the basis for soft drugs in pharmacy.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Modified Burgers' Equation in Dusty Plasmas","authors":"H. Deka, J. Sarma","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive study of the numerical simulation of the one-dimensional modified Burgers' equation in dusty plasmas. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the equation, and a numerical solution is obtained using the explicit finite difference technique. The obtained results are extensively compared with analytical solutions, demonstrating a high level of agreement, particularly for lower values of the dissipation coefficient. The accuracy and efficiency of the technique are evaluated based on the absolute error. Additionally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the technique are assessed by plotting L2 and L∞ error graphs. The technique's reliability is further confirmed through von Neumann stability analysis, which indicates that the technique is conditionally stable. Overall, the study concludes that the proposed technique is successful and dependable for numerically simulating the modified Burgers' equation in dusty plasmas.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Computer Model of a Thermal Delayed Neutron Fluxes Forming System for Nuclear Medicine","authors":"S. Gokov, V. M. Horbach, V. I. Kasilov, L.N. Kolpakova, O.A. Lyukhtan, E.V. Tsiats’ko","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-35","url":null,"abstract":"In the work the computer model of a cell of a system for generating fluxes of therapeutic beams of delayed neutrons, based on the use of delayed fission neutrons, was developed in the Geant 4 environment. The principle of such a neutron source is that when a powerful electron beam interacts with a combined tungsten target and a target containing fissile material, a fission reaction occurs; as a result of which neutrons are emitted. If we move a target activated in this way several tens of meters into a neutron flux generation system consisting of a heater, protection, collimator and reflector, we will obtain a compact neutron source for nuclear medicine. A significant advantage of such a neutron source is the absence of gamma background from the electron accelerator and the combined target, and a bulky protection system is not required. In the Geant 4 environment, the geometry of this cell was developed and a series of experiments were carried out with 107 neutrons. The QGSP BIC HP physical sheet was used. A study of neutron energy spectra showed that more than half of the neutrons whose fluxes are formed using such a cell of the formation system have an energy <100 keV, which is suitable for use for therapeutic purposes. Analysis of the data obtained in a computer experiment made it possible to develop a modified cell of the system for generating streams of therapeutic beams of delayed neutrons, which differs from the basic one by the presence of a solid polyethylene moderator with holes for activated targets and a graphite reflector. Analysis of the data obtained showed that in this case the number of thermal neutrons hitting the detector increases 10 times compared to the base cell, and the energy of 80% of the particles does not exceed 5 keV, which is much better suited for therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Mechanical Properties of Pb–Sb–Sn–As–Se Grid Alloys for Lead-Acid Batteries During Natural Aging","authors":"Victor O. Dzenzerskiy, Serhii V. Tarasov, Elena V. Sukhova, Volodymyr A. Ivanov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-21","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the investigation of mechanical properties of a series of low-antimony Pb–Sb–Sn–As–Se grid alloys for lead-acid batteries in as-cast condition and after natural aging during storage. Mechanical properties were characterized by ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Young's modulus determined at room temperature using TIRAtest 2300 and P-0.5 universal testing machines. For most investigated as-cast alloys, an increase in ultimate tensile strength is accompanied by an increase in elongation. Within the temperature range between 70 ºС and 150 ºС, higher heating temperature of a casing mold does not markedly affect average elongation but causes the slight decrease (by ~4 %) in average ultimate tensile strength. When aged during storage for 30–33 days, the Pb–Sb–Sn–As–Se grid alloys, attain higher values of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and Young's modulus but lower values of elongation. This is due to precipitation of second-phase particles from lead-based solid solution oversaturated by antimony, arsenic, and selenium. The most noticeable effect of strengthening is observed during first five days of natural aging.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of Nonlinear Optical Properties of Lithium Niobate Crystals","authors":"Sharifa B. Utamuradova, Zakir T. Azamatov, Murodjon A. Yuldoshev, Nurlan N. Bazarbayev, Abror B. Bakhromov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to nonlinear effects in lithium niobate crystals. The possibility of using digital holographic interferograms obtained with the help of laser radiation of different duration at different moments of time for the reconstruction of dynamic phase changes is shown. Holograms were recorded on lithium niobate crystals doped with iron ions in various concentrations using He-Ne and He-Cd lasers, and the diffraction efficiency was calculated. Also, the effect of gamma radiation on the optical properties of LiNbO3 and LiNbO3:Fe crystals was studied. At the same time, it was determined that the band gap of the samples decreases, as a result of which the refractive index, absorption coefficient and photorefractive sensitivity increase several times.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic Calculation of the 16O(γ,4α) Reaction","authors":"Sergiy Afanas'ev","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-03","url":null,"abstract":"The event distribution over the excitation energy of a system of two α-particles (Ex) is measured for the reaction 16O(γ,4α). It is found that an intermediate excited 8Be nucleus is formed, and the channels of the 8Be nucleus ground state (GS) formation are extracted. After the separation of the GS 8Be nucleus, a broad maximum with a center at ∼ 3 MeV appears in the distribution of Ex, which may correspond to the first excited state of the 8Be nucleus. There are two possible channels for the formation of this state in the reaction - γ + 16O → α1 + 12C* → α1 + α2 + 8Be* →α1 + α2 + α3 + α4 and γ + 16O → 8Be* + 8Be* → (α1 + α2) + (α3 + α4). Each decay mode is reduced to several two-particle systems. For a comprehensive study of the channel for the formation of the first excited state of the 8Be nucleus in the 16O(γ,4α) reaction, a kinematic model for calculating the parameters of α-particles has been developed. The model is based on the assumption of a sequential two-particle decay with the formation of intermediate excited states of 8Be and 12C nuclei. For the kinematic model of the 16O(γ,4α) reaction, a graphical application was created in the Python programming language. The matplotlib library is used for data visualization. To generate random values, a set of functions from the standard random library of the Python programming language is used. Monte Carlo simulations of several distributions for one parameter with a given numerical function were performed. Several excited states of the 12C and 8Be nuclei can contribute to the reaction. The created scheme allows us to choose the relative contribution for each channel of decay, as well as the contribution of a separate level in each channel. To correctly comparison of the experimental data and the results of the kinematic calculation, the α-particles were sorted by energy in such a way that T1sort > T2sort > T3sort > T4sort. As a result of comparing the experimental and calculated data, it was determined that predominantly occurs the process γ + 16O → α1 + 12C* → α1 + α2 + 8Be* → 4α with the formation of the 12C nucleus in states with E0 = 13.3 MeV, E0 = 15.44 MeV, and the 1st excited state of the 8Be nucleus with E0 = 3.04 MeV. The conditions for the identification of α-particles in the experiment for each decay of the stage are determined.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Pure and Manganese Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by a Solution Growth Technique: Structural and Optical Investigation","authors":"Raymond A. Antwi, I. Nkrumah, F. Ampong, M. Paal, R. Tamakloe, R. K. Nkum, F. Boakye","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-13","url":null,"abstract":"Pure and manganese doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized over the composition range, Zn1-xMnxO (0<x<0.5), by a solution growth process. The effect of Mn doping on the structure, morphology and optical properties were investigated by several techniques. X-Ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of a single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO within the range, 0 < x < 0.3. No Mn related secondary phases were detected, within this range, which could be attributed to the fact that the dopant atoms had been well incorporated into the ZnO crystal lattice. For Zn1-xMnxO (x = 0.5), several low intensity peaks belonging to remnants of Manganese acetate were observed in the diffractogram, establishing a solubility limit for the synthesis technique used.  The variation of d-spacing with Mn percent doping showed a very good agreement with Vergard’s law within the range (0<x<0.25). EDAX analysis of the nanoparticles was consistent with the formation of Mn doped ZnO. The optical band gap of the ZnO nanoparticles decreased linearly with increasing Mn percent doping, suggesting the possibility of tuning the band gap of ZnO by doping with Mn.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ab-Initio Investigation into the Physical Characteristics of CuInSe2 and CuInTe2 Compounds","authors":"Y. Megdoud, Yamina Benkrima, Redhe Meneceur, L. Tairi, Abdelghani Lakel, S. Ghemid, H. Meradji","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-29","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an analysis of chalcopyrite compounds CuInTe2 and CuInTe2 is presented, with a focus on their electronic, structural, optical, and thermal properties. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method is employed for the investigation of these properties, based on a first-principles approach rooted in density functional theory (DFT). Two distinct approximations for the exchange and correlation potential, namely the WC-GGA and mBJ-GGA approximations, are considered in our calculations to ensure a robust and accurate examination of the materials under scrutiny. The findings obtained closely align with previously established theoretical and experimental data, thereby validating the reliability of our computational methodology. It is noteworthy that a novel dimension is introduced by this study, as the influence of both pressure and temperature on the thermal parameters of CuInTe2 and CuInTe2 compounds is explored. This facet of the research is distinguished by its innovative nature, as there is no prior record, to the best of our knowledge, of a similar analysis in the existing literature. The thermal properties are deemed of paramount significance, particularly in the context of crystal growth process optimization and the prediction of performance under extreme thermodynamic conditions.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of High-Energy Negatively Charged Particles in the Field Atomic Strings of an Oriented Crystal","authors":"I. Kyryllin, Mykola F. Shul’ga, Oleksandr Shchus","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-05","url":null,"abstract":"The work analyzes the dependence of the diffusion index of high-energy negatively charged particles on the energy of the transverse motion in oriented crystal. The crystal had an axial orientation relative to the direction of particle incidence. The analysis was carried out using the example of π− mesons with a momentum of 100 GeV/c that impinged on a silicon crystal, which corresponds to the conditions achievable on secondary beam of the the CERN SPS accelerator. The analysis showed that the dependence under consideration is not monotonic. It has a minimum in the energy region slightly exceeding the value of the potential energy of particles at the saddle point of the potential of crystal atomic strings. At higher values of the energy of transverse motion of particles E⊥, the diffusion index increases with increasing E⊥, since this increases the average absolute value of the velocity of particle motion in the plane orthogonal to the crystal axis, near which motion takes plase. The increase in the diffusion index at low values of E⊥ is associated with the manifestation of incoherent scattering of particles on thermal vibrations of crystal atoms. The analysis carried out in the work is of interest both for a deeper understanding of the process of high-energy negatively charged particle beams passage through oriented crystals, and for improving methods for charged particle beams steering with a help of straight and bent oriented crystals.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Nuclear Mass Formulas Coefficients Using Least-Squares Method Based on Gauss-Seidel Scheme: A Comparative Study Between Three Models","authors":"H. Mouloudj, Benyoucef Mohammed-Azizi, Oussama Zeggai, Abdelkader Ghalem, Alla Eddine Toubal Maamar","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis and implementation of the least-squares method based on the Gauss-Seidel scheme for solving nuclear mass formulas. The least-squares method leads to the solution of the system by iterations. The main advantages of the discussed method are simplicity and high accuracy. Moreover, the method enables us to process large data quickly in practice. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, implementation using the FORTRAN language is carried out. The steps of the algorithm are detailed. Using 2331 nuclear masses with Z ≥ 8 and N ≥ 8, it was shown that the performance of the liquid drop mass formula with six parameters improved in terms of root mean square (r.m.s. deviation equals 1.28 MeV), compared to the formula of liquid drop mass with six parameters without microscopic energy, deformation energy and congruence energy (r.m.s. deviation equals 2.65 MeV). The nuclear liquid drop model is revisited to make explicit the role of the microscopic corrections (shell and pairing). Deformation energy and the congruence energy estimate have been used to obtain the best fit. It is shown that the performance of the new approach is improved by a model of eight parameters, compared to the previous model of six parameters. The obtained r.m.s. result for the new liquid drop model in terms of masses is equal to 1.05 MeV.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}