Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy最新文献

{"title":"Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring: The Switch from Subdural Electrodes to Stereoelectroencephalography","authors":"R. Coorg, Elaine S. Seto","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has experienced an explosion in use due to a shifting understanding of epileptic networks and wider application of minimally invasive epilepsy surgery techniques. Both subdural electrode (SDE) monitoring and SEEG serve important roles in defining the epileptogenic zone, limiting functional deficits, and formulating the most effective surgical plan. Strengths of SEEG include the ability to sample difficult to reach, deep structures of the brain without a craniotomy and without disrupting the dura. SEEG is complementary to minimally invasive epilepsy treatment options and may reduce the treatment gap in patients who are hesitant about craniotomy and surgical resection. Understanding the strengths and limitations of SDE monitoring and SEEG allows epileptologists to choose the best modality of invasive monitoring for each patient living with drug-resistant seizures.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"80 2 1","pages":"021 - 028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to Minimally Invasive Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery","authors":"J. Riviello, D. Curry, H. Weiner","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759876","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The field of minimally invasive surgery has evolved over the past 50 years, including neurosurgery, with an evolution to “minimally invasive neurosurgery” when feasible. Epilepsy surgery has followed this trend, with a transition from standard neurosurgical techniques to minimally invasive techniques in all phases of neurosurgical involvement. These include the diagnostic intracranial electroencephalogram with a subdural exploration to stereoelectroencephalography, the actual resection from an open craniotomy to a less destructive technique, or the multiple modalities of neuromodulation instead of a destructive surgery. The influence of these minimally invasive techniques has resulted in a change in the overall philosophy of pediatric epilepsy surgery. The expectations of what is considered “successful” epilepsy surgery has changed from total seizure control, in other words, a “cure,” to palliative epilepsy surgery with a decrease in the targeted seizures, especially “disabling seizures.” This has led to an overall greater acceptance of epilepsy surgery. This article summarizes the major reasons behind the explosion of minimally invasive pediatric epilepsy surgery, which are amplified in the subsequent articles. Some of this chapter includes the authors' opinions.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"1 1","pages":"003 - 008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90863362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase (GABA-T) Deficiency in a Consanguineous Saudi Family: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"A. Kentab","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757447","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in GABA catabolism. It is characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, intractable seizures, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, movement disorder, hypersomnolence, and early childhood mortality. It is associated with elevated free GABA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), GABA-T deficiency in cultured lymphoblasts, hypomyelination on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and elevated GABA level in the basal ganglia on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Only 14 cases have been published in the literature. A rare case of infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by GABA-T deficiency resulting from a previously unreported homozygous missense mutation in the ABAT gene is described. Our findings add to the phenotypic, neuroradiological, and genetic spectrum of ABAT mutations.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86413554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Oral Dextrose Gel and Tahneek Practice","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we reviewed the use of oral dextrose gel in neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) and examined tahneek practices from past to present to draw attention to the importance of tahneek for newborn infants. NH, a common metabolic problem, is one of the most common causes of neonatal seizures. A universal approach to diagnosis and management of NH is still lacking. Although oral dextrose gel is the recommended first-line treatment for the management of NH, it may cause a hyperinsulinemic response. Date is an essential high-energy food with a low glycemic index. Tahneek, rubbing of chewed date on the soft palate of the neonate immediately after delivery, has been performed for over 1,400 years because it is one of the Prophet Muhammad's (Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam) sunnahs. It has been noted that tahneek may be alternative to dextrose gel for prophylaxis and treatment of NH; however, no clinical study has been published about this subject according to the best of our knowledge. We think that tahneek practice is more effective, and safer option than oral dextrose gel because of low glycemic index of date. We also believe that tahneek practice has many benefits for newborn infants, because dates have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Randomized controlled studies, including large series, should be conducted about effects of tahneek practice on newborns.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"48 1","pages":"065 - 068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Concerns in Children with Febrile Convulsions","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85211252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti–Gamma Aminobutyric Acid B Autoimmune Encephalitis in an Indian Child with Early-Onset Seizures, Neurodegeneration, and Brain Calcification due to NRROS Variation: The First Reported Case Worldwide","authors":"Aritra Kapat, A. Pandit, Suman Das, D. Paul, A. K. Mandal, A. Bala","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 1.5-year-old boy presented to us with a history of normal growth and developmental parameters until 6 months of age. However, at 7 months of age, he developed multiple types of seizures consisting initially of complex febrile seizures, followed by afebrile seizures. Multifocal clonic, generalized tonic–clonic, and myoclonic (multifocal and generalized) were the evolving seizure types. He had truncal hypotonia, but his appendicular hypotonia progressed to hypertonia over the next few months and further to decorticate posturing. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed generalized atrophy, predominantly frontotemporal, without any focal signal abnormalities or contrast enhancement. Computed tomography (CT) showed speckled calcification in subcortical white matter. Electroencephalogram showed bilateral frontotemporal epileptiform discharges with secondary generalization. His cerebrospinal fluid had normal cytology and biochemical results but was positive for anti–gamma aminobutyric acid B antibodies. Whole exome sequencing showed likely pathogenic, novel autosomal recessive homozygous variation of NRROS gene on chromosome 3 [c.1487G > A (p.Trp496Ter)], which impairs the functioning of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta, resulting in a proinflammatory state within the central nervous system and thereby promoting autoimmune encephalitis. Parental Sanger sequencing validated the variation in both his parents. He was treated with both pulse methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg), followed by slowly tapering of oral prednisolone and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin infusion (1 g/kg). There was significant reduction in seizure frequency and disappearance of epileptiform discharges from the electroencephalogram. However, the motor and cognitive improvement did not occur, and he had microcephaly and growth failure at the last follow-up. This is the 11th case report of neurodegeneration associated with NRROS gene variations, but the first report of autoimmune encephalitis being triggered by the variation in a child.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"38 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86111897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bone Metabolism in Children Using Antiseizure Drugs: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature","authors":"E. Tekin, Ülkü Gül, Sultan Aydın, A. Köksoy","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749343","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) on bone mineral density (BMD) is a controversial topic. This study investigated the effect of monotherapy and polytherapy drugs separately. Patients with a history of epilepsy treated with the same ASDs for more than 6 months were included in the study. Data regarding patient demographics, biochemical markers related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D), and BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected and compared. In total, 104 children with epilepsy using valproic acid (VPA), levetiracetam (LEV), carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or in combination and 22 healthy controls were evaluated. The ages of the children (64 boys, 62 girls) ranged between 2 and 17, with a mean of 9.50 ± 4.03 years. BMD or Z-scores did not differ among the monotherapy groups or between them and the polytherapy group. The lowest mean Z-score was in the VPA group but without statistical significance. Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the group using CBZ. Calcium levels significantly differed between the groups (p = 0.001). The CBZ and LEV groups had the lowest calcium levels. However, phosphorus and vitamin D measurements did not significantly differ by ASDs used. Unfortunately, low vitamin D levels were evident in all children with epilepsy and even among controls. Physical activity, sun exposure, and calcium intake might be recommended in children treated with ACDs and in combination with additional risk factors monitoring via DXA should be considered. Further studies in a large population are necessary to judge which ASDs are more at risk to reduce bone mineralization than others.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80814911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing and Reading Skills in Children with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes: Systematic Review","authors":"Joana Teixeira, Maria Emília Santos, P. Oom","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1749190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749190","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present the results from a systematic literature review that aimed to gather information about the writing and reading capacities of children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. This research comprises studies published between 2005 and 2016 in PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo that included the keywords “benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes”/ “rolandic epilepsy” with “written language”/ “reading” / “writing” / “literacy”/ “learning disabilities.” The study selection criteria were: (i) conducted with children with this epileptic syndrome aged between 5:11 and 16; (ii) involving children with active epilepsy or in remission; (iii) assessing written language or learning skills involving reading and writing; and (iv) published in journals with scientific refereeing. From the articles that met all the criteria defined, we compiled and synthesized the information about written language abilities. Reading problems appear to have higher incidence in this population, mostly with regard to the speed and reading accuracy and the ability to comprehend a written text. Fewer limitations were found in writing skills, but some studies showed difficulties in words writing, punctuation/ accentuation, and spontaneous writing coherence and cohesion. We also found disparities in the results regarding the relationship between writing skills and the clinical variables associated with epilepsy. Despite the heterogeneity of this population, it was possible to synthesize and define more precisely the written language variations presented. However, more concrete information is needed about written language disorders in this population, to present valid data to support clinical and pedagogical practices.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"7 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80330317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Skills Differences in Children with Epilepsy and Nonepileptic Seizures","authors":"Ashley J. Levan, Ollie Fegter, S. Gale","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750303","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that children experiencing epileptic seizures (ES) or non-ESs (NES) exhibit cognitive and behavioral deficits, but no research has examined social skills differences between the two groups. A better understanding of social skills differences between these two groups might allow for the development of more targeted interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine social skills differences between children with ES and children with NES, using the Social Skills Improvement Scale (SSIS). A total of 43 children were recruited from the epilepsy monitoring units at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Primary Children's Medical Center. The epilepsy group consisted of 28 participants (50% female, mean age at testing = 11.79, standard deviation [SD] = 3.12), and the NES group consisted of 15 participants (67% female; mean age at testing = 12.62, SD = 3.33). Parents and children completed the SSIS Rating Scales. No group differences were found between children with ES and children with NES on social skills measures. However, children in both groups rated their social skills as being in the average range, while parents of children in both groups rated their children's social skills as being in the below average range. Limitations to this study and directions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80300110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy and the Quran Recitation as a Meditation","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1756438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756438","url":null,"abstract":"Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the various approaches intended to improve or maintain human health that are not part of standardmedical care, also known as conventional or Western medicine.1 Meditation, one of the techniques of CAM, is a practice in which an individual uses a technique—such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity—to train attention and awareness and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. In Islam, there are different meditative techniques such as salah, dhikr, fikr, muraqabah, tafakkur, tadabbur, and whirling.2 Recently, the use of various CAMs such as meditation, yoga, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, nutritional and herbal supplements, dietary measures, chiropractic care, acupuncture, Reiki, and homeopathy has increased in patients with epilepsy.3 The Quran is the instructor, true wisdom, guide, and leader of the world of humanity; it is both a book of wisdom and law, a book of prayer and worship, a book of command and summons, and a book of invocation and divine knowledge—it is a book for all spiritual needs, and it is a sacred library offering books appropriate to theways of all the saints and veracious, the purified and the scholars, whoseways and paths are all different.4 So, listening, reading, and recitation of the Quran is also a kind of meditation. Herein, we discussed using the Quran as a cure and remedy in patients with epilepsy to emphasize that the Quran recitation is a meditation modality. Meditation is commonly used in patients with epilepsy. In the series of McConnell et al,5 overall CAM usewas 70%, with the use of prayer/spirituality in 31% and meditation in 19%. Of the patients, 44% reported improved seizure control with CAM. Stress management accounted for perceived seizure reduction in 74%, followed by marijuana (54%), prayer (49%), and yoga (42%).5 Asadi-Pooya et al6 found that 72.3% of physicians believed that CAM might be helpful in patients with epilepsy. They also noted that 22.3% of participants used/prescribed CAM to patients with epilepsy; among them, 46.5% of people found CAM to be safer than conventional antiseizure medications. The most common endorsed CAM includedmeditation (41%), and the ratio of prayers was 15%.6 Aburahma et al7 reported that 56% of parents had used CAM for their child’s neurological illness (28% of patients had epilepsy). The most common modality (77%) was prayer/reciting the Quran.7 In another series, the prevalence of CAM usage was 42% among pediatric neurology patients (40% of patients had epilepsy), and the most common (66%) type of CAM was the Quran recitation.8 Triki et al9 studied people’s knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy, of whom 43.6% had a personal or familial history of epilepsy. The two most popular therapeutic modalities were drug treatment alone (85.3%) and associated with the Quran (35.3%).9 In a large series, 31.5% of individuals believed that epilepsy could be t","PeriodicalId":42559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy","volume":"40 1","pages":"063 - 064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90622733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}