{"title":"‘I gave him Leave to Live’: Emily Dickinson’s Non-service and Ralph Waldo Emerson","authors":"Yanbin Kang","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852694","url":null,"abstract":"Considering assistance ‘the finest of Joys’ (Fr1729), Dickinson singularly espouses withdrawing or withholding giving, regarding at times ‘leaving alone’ as an essential aspect of perfect assistance. This essay offers a reading of several of Dickinson’s poems that relate to the ethics of withholding: including ‘To offer brave assistance’ (Fr492), ‘We grow accustomed to the Dark -’ (Fr428), ‘I rose - because He sank -’ (Fr454), and ‘It came his turn to beg -’ (Fr1519), arguing that Dickinson’s idiosyncratic non-service stems from a creative conversation with the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"82 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46900267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘We know little of the king’s fair daughter, Claribel’: The Challenge of Islam in The Tempest","authors":"Ö. Öktem","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852688","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I focus on an offstage character in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Claribel, the Neapolitan princess who is given to the King of Tunis by her father King Alonso in an arranged marriage. First, I emphasize the significance of this union in terms of the sexual and political dynamics of the play. Drawing attention to the exchange value of women in establishing hierarchies or alliances between groups in patriarchal societies, I argue that Claribel’s miscegenated union with the African king undermines the play’s overconfident postcolonial interpretations based on the Prospero-Caliban relationship. Reading the play against the historical and political conditions in the Mediterranean, which is the play’s topography, in the second part of the essay, I speculate on the young princess’s possible future in Tunis. Claribel’s story is suggestive of the hundreds of Christian maidens that populated the Islamic harems in this period. While most of these women were acquired through abduction, not through exogamy, their stories and the esteem and power they attained in Muslim royal families may be helpful in envisaging a destiny for Claribel.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"36 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45831671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Loss Library and Other Unfinished Stories: Towards a Collection of Creative Paratextual Writing or Literature in potentia","authors":"Ewa Kębłowska-Ławniczak","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852691","url":null,"abstract":"Although the genres assembled in Ivan Vladislavić’s The Loss Library and Other Unfinished Stories have been discussed more than once, the collection encourages further enquiry and diverse comparisons with experimental fiction. This essay, drawing on the writer’s choice and stylistic tendency to hover on the verges of fiction and non-fiction, proposes to re-view the hybrid material of the volume as a collection of paratexts immersed in a rich history of paratextual writing. Vladislavić’s spectrum of inspiration is broad, and several of its sources are mentioned explicitly in The Loss Library (Laurence Sterne, François Rabelais and Jorge Luis Borges), but the discussion that follows refers only to two collections: A Perfect Vacuum: Perfect Reviews of Nonexistent Books and Imaginary Magnitude, both by Stanisław Lem. The essay argues that the decision to withdraw from either mainstream or experimental literature into paratextual writing is aesthetically and politically meaningful. The withdrawal entails a spectrum of consequences involving the assemblage and leporello-like architecture of the collection, a typically paratextual emphasis on transition, an obliteration of borders between the text and the extratextual, as well as a notable emphasis on communication. Additionally, a multiplicity of voices taken from everyday life, resulting in a proliferation of focalizers, and the politics of pronouns, including the plurality of the first-person narrative, to name but a few, create a sense of community, inviting the reader to participate in the creative process. Instead of authorship as authority, instruction and guidance, the collection proposes a sincerity of communication and tenderness on the part of the narrator.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"48 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44009306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese Calligraphy and Painting: Dao 道, Wuwei 无为, and Wu 悟","authors":"Zhiyong Mo","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1857117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1857117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"96 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1857117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45226771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical Sources and the Writing of Fiction: An Analysis of Valerie Cuthbert’s The Great Siege of Fort Jesus","authors":"J. Kosgei","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of Valerie Cuthbert’s The Great Siege of Fort Jesus (1970) by interrogating the relationship between its historical sources and its bias and omissions. Written for young adults, the novel engages with histories of the Kenyan coast during the 16th and 17th centuries. Using this text as a lens permits more general reflections on writers’ use of sources and how their choices shape the historical novels that emerge. I examine Cuthbert’s sources to determine which she adopts, what revisions she undertakes and which she neglects entirely. I conclude that the history Cuthbert relies on is notably one-sided, amounting to misrepresentation with potentially detrimental political consequences. Both her sources and the novel that emerges from them, I conclude, implicate and inscribe specific ideological positions tied to a specific arrangement of power.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"100 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43314748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radical Feminism and Androcide in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero","authors":"Catherine Addison","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852683","url":null,"abstract":"Woman at Point Zero, by Nawal El Saadawi, has been neglected by African feminist commentary, probably because of its radicalism. 20th-century African feminisms, under different names and descriptions, generally advocated a moderate approach to gender relations, refusing to exclude or stigmatize men. However, a change is underway in the attitudes of younger African feminists, especially in South Africa, as the recent #MenAreTrash and #AmINext hashtags and protests about rape culture have demonstrated. The protagonist of Saadawi’s novel, Firdaus, who discovers her true vocation in the action of killing a man, matches and outstrips the anger of these younger feminists. So radical is Woman at Point Zero that it appears to advocate androcide as a response to patriarchy, which, to Firdaus, represents multiple types of abuse and injustice, including capitalism. This paper explores degrees of feminist radicalism as well as developments in African feminist thought, before considering Woman at Point Zero as an example of the radical extreme whose time may have come. The novel exists, if not as a provocation to direct action, at least as a terrible warning to men – and members of other genders – and hence as a trigger of radical change.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41686964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Unheroic Hero: Somerset Maugham’s Autobiographical Fable of the Anglo-Boer War","authors":"L. Wright","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852693","url":null,"abstract":"Set during the Anglo-Boer War, The Hero is the story of a young man’s rebellion against the mores of fin de siècle England. It offers a fierce critique of military heroism, anticipating by some years the drastic demolition of military idealism that was to follow WWI. Ambiguous off-stage soldierly heroics, under the big skies of South Africa, take the novel far beneath the gently comic surface of life in Little Primpton to probe fundamental questions about human nature: war and sex, politics and combat, mating and marriage. Published in 1901, Maugham never permitted this novel to be republished. No reason was given, but this article proffers an explanation presenting the novel as a revealing autobiographical fable that establishes the philosophical roots of Maugham’s emerging aesthetic.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"65 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41743701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intimate Strangeness of Tongues and Wings: Precarity and Conviviality in The Book of Malachi by T.C. Farren and The Theory of Flight by Siphiwe Gloria Ndlovu","authors":"C. Stobie","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852686","url":null,"abstract":"Two speculative novels, which were recently published in South Africa, are analyzed in this article as they reveal forms of precarity in various African settings, and they imaginatively portray forms of conviviality to offset or transcend political and social oppression. The Book of Malachi by T.C. Farren was published in 2019 and The Theory of Flight by Siphiwe Gloria Ndlovu in 2018. These works are particularly pertinent to current public debate and outrage in South Africa about recurring outbreaks of xenophobia and the prevalence of gender-based violence, rape and femicide. I begin by providing a brief overview of the novels before expanding on my theoretical perspective, combining African and Western work. In the heart of the paper, I examine each of my primary texts in turn, arguing that, in these examples of speculative fiction, precarity and conviviality are presented as intimately connected concepts that simultaneously highlight the effects of oppression, violence and trauma, while they portray interpersonal and transcultural connections enacting hard-won empathy, generosity and courage as hopeful antidotes to pessimism, despair and defeatism.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"25 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45300253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encountering ‘Confusions in Existing Arrangements’ in South African Literature: Contesting Temporality in Imraan Coovadia’s Tales of the Metric System","authors":"Deena Dinat","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852685","url":null,"abstract":"This article theorizes the relationship between the concepts of national time and national literature in contemporary South African fiction. Contemporary South African literary criticism has largely understood South African literature as existing in the same concept of temporality as the nation-state itself. I argue here that this temporal conflation limits the possibilities for reading South African literature after the end of apartheid by reinforcing the nation-state’s institutional claims to the experience of time itself; this conflation thus inadvertently reproduces the power of the nation-state over the literary. I turn to Imraan Coovadia’s 2014 Tales of the Metric System, a novel obviously concerned with notions of standardization, rationalization and measurement, as an example of a text that disarticulates the competing claims to time itself. While it mimics the nation-state’s claim to homogenous, empty time, the novel simultaneously populates its historical national narrative with what Partha Chatterjee calls the heterogenous time of the nation, and thus suggests the possibilities for reading South African literature through multiple and contested temporalities.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"14 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42095678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Talking Books: The Paratextuality of African Literary Podcasts","authors":"James Hodapp","doi":"10.1080/00138398.2020.1852707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852707","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, literary critics have grown concerned that serious literary criticism is slowly being replaced by a literary culture of endorsement that has proliferated online. They fear that ‘hot takes,’ listicles and simplified systems of ranking books (‘buy or don’t buy,’ star ratings and so on) are gaining cultural currency while serious analysis and critique is going out of style. One critic, Christian Lorentzen, even wonders: ‘What if a generation of writers grew up with nobody to criticize them?’ At the same time, reviews, interviews and other content concerning African literature have become widely available online. In particular, African literary podcasts have become increasingly popular and influential. By examining the nature of paratextuality, via Gérard Genette, in reference to African literary podcasts, this article examines whether African literary podcasts are contributing to this decline, offering audio equivalents of traditional reviews or creating an innovative mode of critique. It concludes that African literary podcasts are sui generis and provide both substantive critique and an outlet for voices traditionally marginalized from mainstream literary discourse.","PeriodicalId":42538,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH STUDIES IN AFRICA","volume":"63 1","pages":"123 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00138398.2020.1852707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}