Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety最新文献

Enhancement of Soil Health Using Biochar 利用生物炭促进土壤健康

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92711

O. Okareh, Alaba O. Gbadebo

{"title":"Enhancement of Soil Health Using Biochar","authors":"O. Okareh, Alaba O. Gbadebo","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92711","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the carbon-rich biochar has been used for the purpose of environmental conservation and reservation. Typically produced from varieties of materials ranging from sewage, farm produce, energy crops and agricultural waste or residues, the properties usually considered in the application of biochar include the chemical composition, porosity and stability. Contemporarily, the use of biochar has extended to its utilization in the industry, agriculture, forestry, and the natural environment. Soil fertility depends on the holistic process of managing the soil and likewise maintaining a robust biodiversity. This process involves the application of natural carbon-rich materials like biochar as soil amendments. The rapid absorption tendency of biochar, both on organic and inorganic materials has contributed immensely to the removal of excess antimicrobials from the environment. Biochar has been known to be a good enhancer of the soil due to its rich content of carbon and other nutrients good enough for the soil. Other striking effects of biochar on the soil and environment include the enhancement of the uptake of nitrogen, improvement of the soil structure, mitigation of greenhouse gases, conservation of the environment and enhancement of soil microbial community.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124018962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Application of Biochar for Treating the Water Contaminated with Polar Halogenated Organic Pollutants 生物炭在处理含极性卤化有机污染物水体中的应用

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92760

Barbora Kamenická, Pavel Matějíček, T. Weidlich, M. Pohořelý

{"title":"Application of Biochar for Treating the Water Contaminated with Polar Halogenated Organic Pollutants","authors":"Barbora Kamenická, Pavel Matějíček, T. Weidlich, M. Pohořelý","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92760","url":null,"abstract":"Application of biochar and ionic liquid-impregnated biochar was successfully tested for removal of nonbiodegradable polar halogenated aromatic contaminants (anti-inflammatory agents diclofenac and flufenamic acid and azo dye Mordant Blue 9) from contaminated aqueous solutions. The time dependence of removal efficiencies and adsorption isotherms were evaluated, and the effect of applied ionic liquids (quaternary ammonium salts) was considered. The determined removal efficiencies of the abovementioned contaminants based on the application of biochar or biochar combined with quaternary ammonium salts were compared with the action of commercially available active carbon and/or published results obtained by the action of additional low-cost sorbents. It was demonstrated that a more laborious two-step technique, based on the initial preparation of impregnated biochar by the action of R 4 NCl with subsequent application of this modified sorbent, is much less effective than simple mixing of biochar with R 4 NCl directly in the treated wastewater solution. Experiments dealing with log P OW determination were performed using the same apparatus. An aqueous solution containing 1 mmol of studied contaminant was introduced to the round-bottomed flask (in case of studying log P OW of ion pairs, 1 mmol of R 4 NCl per mmol of -COONa or -SO 3 Na group bound in contaminant was added subsequently); the total volume of aqueous phase was adjusted to 100 mL with water saturated with octan-1-ol, and the mixture was fulfilled using 100 mL of octan-1-ol. The prepared two-phase mixture was agitated at 400 rpm overnight, and the immiscible phases were separated in a separatory funnel, and a concentration of the tested chlorinated aromatic acid sodium salt or their ion pair with R 4 N + in the aqueous phase was analyzed using VIS spectroscopy in the case of MB9 and R 4 N.MB9. In the case of NaDCF or R 4 N.DCF, the concentration in the aqueous phase was analyzed using voltammetric determination.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"28 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114028496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Biochar Effects on Amelioration of Adverse Salinity Effects in Soils 生物炭对改善土壤有害盐碱效应的影响

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92464

A. Vasconcelos

{"title":"Biochar Effects on Amelioration of Adverse Salinity Effects in Soils","authors":"A. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92464","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is the term given to biomass subjected to the process of change in the composition by the action of high temperatures. Advantages of biochar in soil quality have been reported, including amelioration of salinity effects. Salinity has a negative effect on soil physical properties and plant production by adversely affecting the process of plant growth, hence seed germination, nutrient uptake, and yield. Moreover, salt stress causes oxidative stress in plant and the reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities. Biochar is an amendment, which could decrease the negative effect of salt stress on crop growth and production. Application of biochar enriches mineral nutrients; improves the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological characteristics such as bulk density, hydrological properties, aggregate structure, ion exchange capacity, and microbial activity; and consequently enhances plant growth. Enhancing physical properties, biochar balances water holding capacity and air porosity in soils. Biochar promotes benefits in plant growth in saline soils through reduction in oxidation stress and in osmotic stress, lower production of phytohormones, improvement in stomatal density and conductance, improvement in seed germination, and the promotion of microbial activities. Biochar amendment can contribute to reduce salt stress in plants under saline condition due to its high salt adsorption capability.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125703436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Biochar Potential in Improving Agricultural Production in East Africa 生物炭在改善东非农业生产中的潜力

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92195

Godfrey Omulo

引用次数: 3

Challenges of Biochar Usages in Arid Soils: A Case Study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 干旱土壤中生物炭使用的挑战:沙特阿拉伯王国的案例研究

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92710

Khalid A. Alaboudi

引用次数: 1

A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation 生物炭合成、表征及相关标准化与立法综述

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92621

N. Rashidi, S. Yusup

引用次数: 7

Sorption of Heavy Metals onto Biochar 重金属在生物炭上的吸附

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92346

R. Senthilkumar, D. M. R. Prasad

引用次数: 8

Comparative Evaluation of Hydrochars and Pyrochars for Phosphate Adsorption from Wastewater 水炭和焦炭对废水中磷酸盐吸附性能的比较评价

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92612

A. S. Sennou, S. Xiu, A. Shahbazi

引用次数: 2

The Use of Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Reduce Potentially Toxic Metals (PTMs) Phytoavailability 利用生物炭作为土壤改良剂降低潜在有毒金属(PTMs)的植物可利用性

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92611

J. Antonangelo, Hailin Zhang

{"title":"The Use of Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Reduce Potentially Toxic Metals (PTMs) Phytoavailability","authors":"J. Antonangelo, Hailin Zhang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92611","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) is widespread in the world and has negatively affected plants, humans, soil health, and environmental quality. Some metals are essential plant nutrients but they are also toxic to vegetation and aquatic live when present in high concentrations, such as Cu, Mn and Zn. Others (e.g., Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) are potential toxic metals for all organisms, and are not needed (or are toxic) for plant growth. This chapter summarizes the use of readily available biochars (BCs) to reduce PTMs phytoavailability in soils thus improving crop yields and to minimize its impact on the environment. The physicochemical and morphological properties of BCs as affected by feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperatures are discussed. The effectiveness of biochar rates on plant growth and metal fractions are also highlighted. Biochar has the potential to be used as a viable bioproduct for the remediation of contaminated soils since it reduces the phytoavailability of PTMs pollutants. Biochars produced from different feedstocks and at different pyrolysis temperatures present highly heterogeneous physicochemical and morphological properties, which can affect the effectiveness in the remediation of PTMs contaminated soils. Therefore, potential technologies need to be developed and research gaps still need to be overcome to optimize the use of BCs as a feasible alternative for remediation of metal contaminated soils.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Forest Trees for Biochar and Carbon Sequestration: Production and Benefits 用于生物炭和固碳的林木:生产和效益

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92377

D. Rockwood, Martin F. Ellis, Ru-liang Liu, Fengliang Zhao, Kyle W. Fabbro, Zhenli He, David R. Derbowka

{"title":"Forest Trees for Biochar and Carbon Sequestration: Production and Benefits","authors":"D. Rockwood, Martin F. Ellis, Ru-liang Liu, Fengliang Zhao, Kyle W. Fabbro, Zhenli He, David R. Derbowka","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92377","url":null,"abstract":"Many tree species worldwide are suitable for making biochar (BC), with planted eucalypts in particular being very productive and extensive. Above- and below-ground carbon sequestration by Eucalyptus plantations depends on plantation management options. An intensively managed cultivar could sequester over 100 mt of C/ha at a cost of $21 – 40/mt. BC production systems ranging in size from small mobile units to large centralized facilities and many kiln technologies influence the quality and price of the BC produced as well as the ability to control emissions. While BC from wood has many applications, its use as a soil amendment in forest plantations is appealing as a long-term sequestration strategy and opportunity to grow more robust trees and increase survival rates. Research in Florida USA and elsewhere addresses responses of forest and agronomic crops to wood BC soil amendments with and without other fertilizers. In combination with the carbon sequestered through tree growth, sequestration of 2.5 mt/ha of wood BC as a soil amendment in Eucalyptus plantations has estimated costs ranging from $3.30 – 5.49/ton of C.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127314635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4