Yazan F Madanat, Mitchell R Smith, Alexandru Almasan, Brian T Hill
{"title":"Idelalisib therapy of indolent B-cell malignancies: chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic or follicular lymphomas.","authors":"Yazan F Madanat, Mitchell R Smith, Alexandru Almasan, Brian T Hill","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S73530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BLCTT.S73530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma are indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that mainly affect an older population. Although the majority of patients in need of treatment derive significant benefit from conventional chemotherapeutic agents as well as monoclonal antibodies, less toxic and more effective treatments are needed. Novel agents that inhibit the B-cell receptor signaling pathway have shown promising outcomes in these disorders. Idelalisib is a potent selective oral inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta and has shown significant clinical activity in B-cell malignancies. In this review, we summarize the clinical trial data using idelalisib as monotherapy or in combination with rituximab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory disease. The adverse effect profile includes autoimmune disorders such as transaminitis, colitis, and pneumonitis. Given the efficacy and manageable toxicity profile of idelalisib, it is being increasingly incorporated into the management of indolent B-cell malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BLCTT.S73530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34633292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Profile of elotuzumab and its potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma.","authors":"Yi-Chang Liu, Susann Szmania, Frits van Rhee","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S49780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BLCTT.S49780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the introduction of novel drugs has improved outcome significantly in multiple myeloma (MM), many patients still eventually relapse. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting MM-related antigens can complement currently available therapies. CS1 (also known as CD2 subunit 1, SLAMF7, CD319, and CRACC), a cell surface glycoprotein receptor that is a member of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family, is highly and nearly uniformly expressed in myeloma cells at the gene and protein level, but not expressed in other tissues, including hematopoietic stem cells, making CS1 a compelling target for the design of immunotherapies directed at MM. Elotuzumab (formerly HuLuc63), which is a humanized IgG1 mAb recognizing the extracellular region of human CS1, has been shown to be effective in preclinical and early stage clinical investigations, and its efficacy and safety will be further validated in ongoing Phase III trials. Integration of elotuzumab into multidrug therapeutic paradigms seems logical, as elotuzumab is more effective when combined with other agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs or proteasome inhibitors. The functional role of CS1 in MM pathogenesis and the consequences of elotuzumab on normal immune cells should be further investigated. Identification of potential biomarkers and exploration of resistance mechanisms are important issues for elotuzumab-based therapies, as is determining the best clinical placement of elotuzumab, not only in the relapsed/refractory setting but also in upfront therapy for high-risk frank MM, smoldering MM at high-risk of progression, and in maintenance regimens. This review will cover the biological characteristics of CS1 in normal immune cells and MM cells, the efficacy profile and mechanisms of action of elotuzumab from preclinical and clinical investigations, and its potential impact on the treatment of MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"2014 4","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BLCTT.S49780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33331147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajni Sinha, Loretta Nastoupil, Christopher R Flowers
{"title":"Treatment Strategies for Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Rajni Sinha, Loretta Nastoupil, Christopher R Flowers","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S18701","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S18701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most commonly occurring lymphoma in the Western world. DLBCL is a clinically, biologically, and pathologically heterogeneous entity with biologically distinct subtypes that have different expected treatment outcomes. The addition of rituximab to combination chemotherapy has improved outcomes for all patients with DLBCL and can produce cure for many individuals. Relapsed DLBCL is generally managed with salvage chemo-immunotherapy followed by high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation which can cure additional patients. However, outcomes for patients who relapse early after upfront rituximab and chemotherapy have a poorer prognosis. Novel therapies and strategies are desperately needed for these patients and several emerging treatments hold promise for improving DLBCL treatment outcomes in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"2012 2","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BLCTT.S18701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40227396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}