Review of Economics and Political Science最新文献

{"title":"Human capital flight and output growth nexus: evidence from Nigeria","authors":"O. Adeosun, O. Popogbe","doi":"10.1108/REPS-07-2020-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-07-2020-0088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Human capital flight from developing countries to developed nations has been rising and giving concerns to governments and scholars alike. This paper aims to explore the impact migration from Nigeria has on economic output growth by focusing on the migration rate, remittances, population growth and secondary school enrolment. This has not received adequate attention in the literature, as many papers have primarily focused on the impact of remittances on economic growth.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Leveraging on the macro-level approach to migration, remittances and the economy, this research considers the nexus among the human capital flight and output growth variables by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of analysis for time series data between 1986 and 2018.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The net migration rate from Nigeria was found from the empirical analysis to be more disadvantageous for the economy, given its negative relationship with economic growth despite the large volume of foreign incomes (remittances). It also shows that secondary school enrolment positively and significantly impacted the Nigerian growth rate in the long run.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research has widened the use of variables by combining net migration rate, remittances from abroad, population growth rate and secondary school enrolment to obtain a more robust outcome with implications for research and practice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126877229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economical effect on doubling of COVID-19 cases: examples of rich versus poor countries","authors":"Osama Ali Maher, D. Mun, Fatma Giha, Mayouson Ali, S. Bellizzi","doi":"10.1108/REPS-10-2020-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-10-2020-0158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The paper aims to examine some economical, political and health system indicators on the transmission of the COVID-19 transmission within the national system. The main objective is to investigate what are the most effective indicators which have led to the declared numbers by countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study combined multiple sets of data to describe best the economical status of the health system including the government spending on the health system to draw some conclusion regarding the behavior of the pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Complex emergencies and internal conflicts negatively affected the quality of the reported cases and the size of the pandemic. The health work force was the most determinant factor of the health system. It can sometimes be impossible to understand the epidemic only with epidemiological data or health system one; economical aspects of health system and political situation have to be added to the equation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The research according to the authors’ knowledge is the most comprehensive comparison so far that investigate the non-covid aspects from a political side in particular in complex emergencies and war situation added health system indicators.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133508988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the classification accuracy using hybrid techniques","authors":"Mamdouh Abdel Alim Saad Mowafy, Walaa Mohamed Elaraby Mohamed Shallan","doi":"10.1108/REPS-10-2020-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-10-2020-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Heart diseases have become one of the most causes of death among Egyptians. With 500 deaths per 100,000 occurring annually in Egypt, it has been noticed that medical data faces a high-dimensional problem that leads to a decrease in the classification accuracy of heart data. So the purpose of this study is to improve the classification accuracy of heart disease data for helping doctors efficiently diagnose heart disease by using a hybrid classification technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper used a new approach based on the integration between dimensionality reduction techniques as multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) with fuzzy c means (FCM) then with both of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function networks (RBFN) which separate patients into different categories based on their diagnosis results in this paper, a comparative study of the performance performed including six structures such as MLP, RBFN, MLP via FCM–MCA, MLP via FCM–PCA, RBFN via FCM–MCA and RBFN via FCM–PCA to reach to the best classifier.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results show that the MLP via FCM–MCA classifier structure has the highest ratio of classification accuracy and has the best performance superior to other methods; and that Smoking was the most factor causing heart disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper shows the importance of integrating statistical methods in increasing the classification accuracy of heart disease data.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129309856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of trade narratives in poverty reduction after the COVID-19 crisis","authors":"Scott A. Hipsher","doi":"10.1108/REPS-09-2020-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-09-2020-0147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to explore different possible economic narratives concerning trade, which may emerge based on lessons learned from the COVID-19 crisis and likely effects of these differing narratives would have on global poverty reduction.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This is a conceptual paper based on original analysis of selected literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The global response to the COVID-19 crisis of severely restricting international travel and business operations has been accompanied by slowing economic growth and increased levels of global poverty. Due to the nature of the crisis, it is not currently clear, even with hindsight, whether the measures taken have produced more benefits than problems. However, the pace and direction of the economic recovery and the effect on future levels of global poverty will likely depend to some extent on which narratives go viral and become accepted.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Members of academia as well as others have a role to play in creating and spreading narratives about economic activities and focusing on narratives, which do not ignore the plight of the global poor in the aftermath of the current crisis might have a positive effect on the living standards of the hundreds of millions of people living in poverty who have been affected by the current global economic slowdown.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper uniquely links ideas associated with behavioral economics, international business theories and empirical evidence with reducing poverty as we move past the COVID-19 crisis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116237408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging absolute executive powers in times of corona: re-examining constitutional courts and the collective right to public contestation as instruments of institutional control","authors":"Jessika Eichler, S. Sonkar","doi":"10.1108/REPS-08-2020-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-08-2020-0132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The CoViD-19 pandemic has brought about a panoply of institutional challenges both domestically and in the international arena. Classical constitutional theory thereby underwent a reinvention by the executive for the sake of speedy policy action and to the detriment of institutional control while favouring authoritarian forms of governance. This paper concerns itself with institutional responses to such developments, placing emphasis on the role of the judiciary and people*s in contesting emergency decrees and other executive orders, especially where fundamental rights are infringed upon. The paper aims to explore the difficulties arising with exerting absolute executive powers during the health crisis, the respective role assumed by constitutional courts and the impact of the new governance paradigm on forms of public contestation, also as a means of quasi institutional control.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Indeed, the right to health may be translated into political discourse and become foundational to security and public interest paradigms. This may result in a shrinking public space given the constraints to the freedom of movement. In the name of public safety, the (collective) right to assembly, expression and protest have been submitted to major limitations in that regard.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Ultimately, this re-opens debates on the meaning of absolute rights and contextualities of derogations, as well as the reconcilability of civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights. It also exposes social inequalities, social justice dimensions and vulnerabilities, often exacerbated by the health crisis; migrant rights demonstrably face particularly severe and intersectional forms of violations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Particular values lie with the interdisciplinary approach embraced in this paper; the authors draw on a variety of social sciences disciplines to shed light on this very current issue. Both theoretical and empirical methods are used and combined here, making sense of the underlying logic of virus governance and its impacts on fundamental rights.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128582587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development goals: transportation, health and public policy","authors":"Vahid Mohamad Taghvaee, A. A. Arani, M. Nodehi, J. Shirazi, L. Agheli, Haji Mohammad Neshat Ghojogh, Nafiseh Salehnia, A. Mirzaee, S. Taheri, R. M. Saber, Hady Faramarzi, R. Alvandi, Hosein Ahmadi Rahbarian","doi":"10.1108/reps-12-2019-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/reps-12-2019-0168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to assess and decompose the sustainable development using the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Iran in 2018, for proposing agenda-setting of public policy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000It ranks the SDGs not only in Iran but also in the region and the world to reveal the synergetic effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Based on the results, subaltern-populace generally suffers from the hegemonic domination of ruling elite-bourgeois, lack of strong institutions, heterogeneous policy networks and lack of advocacy role of non-governmental organizations, due to no transparency, issues in law or no rule of law, no stringent regulation, rent, suppression and Mafia, all leading to corruption and injustice.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000To stop the loop of corruption-injustice, Iran should homogenize the structure of the policy network. Furthermore, the failed SDGs of the three-geographic analysis are the same in a character; all of them propose SDG 3, good health and well-being as a serious failed goal.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000In this regard, strong evidence is the pandemic Coronavirus, COVID 19 since 2019, due to its highly-disastrous consequences in early 2020 where the public policymakers could not adopt policies promptly in the glob, particularly in Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In Iran, in addition to this, the malfunction of health is rooted in “subjective well-being” and “traffic deaths,” respectively. Concerning the transportations system in Iran, it is underscored that it is damaging the sustainable development from all the three pillars of sustainable development including, economic, social and environmental.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121838972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance of control charts with economic-statistical design when parameters are estimated","authors":"Mahmoud Alsaid, R. Kamal, M. Rashwan","doi":"10.1108/reps-05-2020-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/reps-05-2020-0055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper presents economic and economic–statistical designs of the adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart for monitoring the process mean. It also aims to compare the effect of estimated process parameters on the economic performance of three charts, which are Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average and AEWMA control charts with economic–statistical design.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The optimal parameters of the control charts are obtained by applying the Lorenzen and Vance’s (1986) cost function. Comparisons between the economic–statistical and economic designs of the AEWMA control chart in terms of expected cost and statistical measures are performed. Also, comparisons are made between the economic performance of the three competing charts in terms of the average expected cost and standard deviation of expected cost.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This paper concludes that taking into account the economic factors and statistical properties in designing the AEWMA control chart leads to a slight increase in cost but in return the improvement in the statistical performance is substantial. In addition, under the estimated parameters case, the comparisons reveal that from the economic point of view the AEWMA chart is the most efficient chart when detecting shifts of different sizes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The importance of the study stems from designing the AEWMA chart from both economic and statistical points of view because it has not been tackled before. In addition, this paper contributes to the literature by studying the effect of the estimated parameters on the performance of control charts with economic–statistical design.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116971787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External debt vulnerability in emerging markets and developing economies during the COVID-19 shock","authors":"Sarah El-Khishin, M. Mohieldin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3703472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3703472","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to assess to what extent the COVID-19 shock is expected to create a debt crisis in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) through two main questions: what are the main determinants of EMDEs external vulnerability? How vulnerable are EMDEs to the current COVID-19 shock compared to the global financial crisis (GFC)?\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In addition to a descriptive analysis of the determinants of EMDEs external vulnerability, this paper designs two sub-indices of overindebtedness and financial fragility that capture EMDEs’ distinct characteristics. The two sub-indices together illustrate the overall external vulnerability to the current shock.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000EMDEs are more vulnerable compared to the GFC era. Current debt threats arise mainly from debt architecture and the domination of volatile debt forms – primarily foreign currency-denominated bonds. Excessive fear of debt-deflation spirals after the GFC prompted EMDEs to expand their growth trajectories through a pattern of cheap private lending, loose measures and unmonitored fiscal expansion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Conclusive post-crisis data are still unavailable.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000EMDEs need to balance between temporary accommodative measures and a post-shock policy mix that prevent a deflation spiral without worsening indebtedness and financial fragility. Moreover, financial prudence in face of growing credit demand is crucial, particularly in light of the monetary expansion and injected liquidity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The indices offer a framework for examining external vulnerability in EMDEs based on theoretical and historical revisions, IMF benchmarks and EMDEs specific debt characteristics. The indices components can be offered for empirical examination in separate future research once conclusive data become available.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115779581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical efficiency of health-care systems in selected middle-income countries: an empirical investigation","authors":"H. Nassar, Hala Sakr, Asmaa Ezzat, Pakinam Fikry","doi":"10.1108/reps-03-2020-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/reps-03-2020-0038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) and determine the source of inefficiency whether it is transient (short run) or persistent (long run).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The study uses the stochastic frontier analysis technique through employing the generalized true random effects model which overcomes the drawbacks of the previously introduced stochastic frontier models and allows for the separation between unobserved heterogeneity, persistent inefficiency and transient inefficiency.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Persistent efficiency is lower than the transient efficiency; hence, there are more efficiency gains that can be made by the selected countries by adopting long-term policies that aim at reforming the structure of the health-care system in the less efficient countries such as South Africa and Russia. The most efficient countries are Vietnam, Mexico and China which adopted a social health insurance that covers almost the whole population with the aim of increasing access to health-care services. Also, decentralization in health-care has assisted in adopting health-care policies that are suitable for both the rural and urban areas based on their specific conditions and health-care needs. A key success in the implementation of the adopted long-term policies by those countries is the continuous monitoring and evaluation of their outcomes and comparing them with the predefined targets and conducting any necessary modifications to ensure their movement in the right path to achieve their goals.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Although several studies have evaluated the technical efficiency both across and within countries using non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) and parametric (stochastic frontier analysis) approaches, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate the technical efficiency of selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) using the generalized true random effects stochastic frontier analysis model.\u0000","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129588052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stock market development and economic growth in Tanzania: an ARDL and bound testing approach","authors":"S. Kapaya","doi":"10.1108/reps-11-2019-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/reps-11-2019-0150","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to empirical evidence by recognizing the importance of stock markets in the financial system and consequently its causality to economic growth and vice versa.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the autoregressive distribute lag model (ARDL) with bound testing procedures, the sample covered quarterly time-series data from 2001q1 to 2019q2 in Tanzania.FindingsThe results suggest that stock market development have both negative and positive causality for both short-run dynamics and long-run relationship with economic growth. Economic growth is found to only cause and relate negatively to liquidity both in the short-run and in the long-run. The results show predominantly a unidirectional causality flow from stock market development to economic growth and finds partial causality flow from economic growth to stock market development, as represented by stock market turnover which proxied liquidity.Originality/valueThe use of quarterly data to reflect more realistically the dynamics of the variables because yearly data may sometimes cover-up specific dynamics that may be useful for prediction and policy planning. The study uses indices to capture general aspects within the stock market against economic growth as an intuitive way to aggregate the stock market development effects.","PeriodicalId":423562,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122457373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}