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The Sufficientarian Alternative: A Commentary on Setting Health-Care Priorities 充足主义者的选择:关于设置医疗保健优先事项的评论
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2021-01-25 DOI: 10.33392/DIAM.1605
Jay A. Zameska
{"title":"The Sufficientarian Alternative: A Commentary on Setting Health-Care Priorities","authors":"Jay A. Zameska","doi":"10.33392/DIAM.1605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/DIAM.1605","url":null,"abstract":"In this commentary on Torbjörn Tännsjö’s Setting Health-Care Priorities, I argue that sufficientarianism provides a valuable perspective in considering how to set health care priorities. I claim that pace Tännsjö, sufficientarianism does offer a distinct alternative to prioritarianism. To demonstrate this, I introduce sufficientarianism and distinguish two forms: Tännsjö’s “weak sufficientarianism” and an alternative strong form of sufficientarianism that I call “revised lexical sufficientarianism.” I raise a problem for Tännsjö’s sufficientarianism, and advocate for the revised view on this basis. I then demonstrate that in the area of population ethics, the revised view outperforms the other views Tännsjö considers. As such, I aim to demonstrate that sufficientarianism — understood as its own theory and not just as a form of prioritarianism — offers unique advantages in population ethics, and would have been a valuable complement to the other theories Tännsjö considers.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43030383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Metalinguistic Negotiations and Two Senses of Taste 元语言谈判与两种味觉
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2021-01-05 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1459
David Bordonaba-Plou
{"title":"Metalinguistic Negotiations and Two Senses of Taste","authors":"David Bordonaba-Plou","doi":"10.33392/diam.1459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1459","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defends the claim that the traditional Kantian division between two different types of judgments, judgments of personal preference (subjectively valid) and judgments of taste (intersubjectively valid), does not apply to some contexts in which metalinguistic negotiations take place. To begin, I first highlight some significant similarities between predicates of personal taste and aesthetic predicates. I sustain that aesthetic predicates are gradable and multidimensional, and that they often produce metalinguistic negotiations, characteristics that have motivated an individual treatment for predicates of personal taste. Secondly, contrary to Kant’s claim, I maintain that there are cases where judgments of personal preference are intersubjectively valid; in some contexts of metalinguistic negotiation, judgments of personal preference direct universality to a similar extent as judgments of taste. Some examples of real-life conversations will be presented to illustrate this point.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arystoteles o możliwości bycia niesprawiedliwym wobec samego siebie
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1629
Maciej Smolak
{"title":"Arystoteles o możliwości bycia niesprawiedliwym wobec samego siebie","authors":"Maciej Smolak","doi":"10.33392/diam.1629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrakt. Przedmiotem tego artykułu jest rozjaśnienie sensu aporii „czy można być niesprawiedliwym wobec samego siebie?”, którą Arystoteles rozważa w EN V, oraz wykazanie, że możliwe jest dobrowolne traktowanie niesprawiedliwie samego siebie. Na uwagę zasługują szczególnie dwa miejsca V 9, czyli ustępy 1136a31–1136b1 oraz 1136b13-25. W pierwszym ustępie Arystoteles wysuwa hipotezę, że akratyk może dobrowolnie traktować niesprawiedliwie samego siebie. W drugim przedstawia dwa argumenty – „z pozornej straty” oraz „z życzenia” – które mają za zadanie udowodnienie, że nikt nie może traktować niesprawiedliwie samego siebie. Argumenty te nie unieważniają hipotezy wysuniętej w pierwszym ustępie ani nie wykluczają możliwości dobrowolnego traktowania niesprawiedliwie samego siebie. Słowa kluczowe: akrazja, Arystoteles, niedobrowolny, niesprawiedliwe traktowanie, traktować niesprawiedliwie, osoba nieopanowana, dobrowolny.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41808468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Problem of New Evidence: P-Hacking and Pre-Analysis Plans 新证据的问题:p -黑客和预分析计划
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1587
Zoë Hitzig, J. Stegenga
{"title":"The Problem of New Evidence: P-Hacking and Pre-Analysis Plans","authors":"Zoë Hitzig, J. Stegenga","doi":"10.33392/diam.1587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1587","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a novel articulation of the epistemic peril of p-hacking using three resources from philosophy: predictivism, Bayesian confirmation theory, and model selection theory. We defend a nuanced position on p-hacking: p-hacking is sometimes, but not always, epistemically pernicious. Our argument requires a novel understanding of Bayesianism, since a standard criticism of Bayesian confirmation theory is that it cannot represent the influence of biased methods. We then turn to pre-analysis plans, a methodological device used to mitigate p-hacking. Some say that pre-analysis plans are epistemically meritorious while others deny this, and in practice pre-analysis plans are often violated. We resolve this debate with a modest defence of pre-analysis plans. Further, we argue that pre-analysis plans can be epistemically relevant even if the plan is not strictly followed—and suggest that allowing for flexible pre-analysis plans may be the best available policy option.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48767516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Kant on the Relations between Church and State: An Introduction to the Special Edition 康德论教会与国家的关系:特别版导论
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.33392/DIAM.1652
A. Tomaszewska
{"title":"Kant on the Relations between Church and State: An Introduction to the Special Edition","authors":"A. Tomaszewska","doi":"10.33392/DIAM.1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/DIAM.1652","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction is divided into two parts. First, drawing on Paul Guyer’s suggestion that we should turn to Kant to reinvestigate the foundations of religious liberty, I outline Kant’s views on the relations between the ethical (‘church’) and the political (‘state’) community, as presented in Part Three of the Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, focusing in particular on his arguments for separation between religion and the state. Examining critically the idea to employ Kant in contemporary debates, I claim that Kant’s account of pure moral faith and the church as its ‘vehicle’ may pose difficulties for any argument for religious liberty that appeals to his thought. For Kant is better equipped to offer resources to overcome rather than to accommodate the fact of so-called “moral pluralism,” i.e. the condition in which the principle of religious liberty can find its application. In the second part, I summarise the arguments of the authors who contribute to this volume: D. Jakušić, W. Kozyra, S. Lo Re, G.E. Michalson Jr., and S.R. Palmquist.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Setting Health-Care Priorities: A Reply to Tännsjö 设定医疗保健优先事项：对Tännsjö的答复
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.33392/DIAM.1597
R. Goodin
{"title":"Setting Health-Care Priorities: A Reply to Tännsjö","authors":"R. Goodin","doi":"10.33392/DIAM.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/DIAM.1597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper firstly distinguishes between principles of “global justice” that apply the same anywhere and everywhere – Tännsjö’s utilitarianism, egalitarianism, prioritarianism and such like – and principles of “local justice” that apply within the specific sphere of health-care. Sometimes the latter might just be a special case of the former – but not always. Secondly, it discusses reasons, many psychological in nature, why physicians might devote excessive resources to prolonging life pointlessly, showing once again that those reasons might themselves be morally significant.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45272337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Grounding Religious Toleration: Kant and Wolff on Dogmatic Conflict 宗教宽容的基础：康德与沃尔夫的教条冲突
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-09-19 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1559
Dino Jakušić
{"title":"Grounding Religious Toleration: Kant and Wolff on Dogmatic Conflict","authors":"Dino Jakušić","doi":"10.33392/diam.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1559","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Paul Guyer’s claim that we should attempt to ground the principle of religious freedom on the basis of Kant’s arguments for religious liberty. I problematise Guyer’s suggestion by investigating a hypothetical ‘dogmatic conflict’ between a scientifically and a religiously grounded belief. I further suggest that considering Christian Wolff’s philosophy might provide us with an approach which shares the benefits that Guyer identifies in Kant, while at the same time avoiding the issues Kant might run into that result from the occurrence of the dogmatic conflict. I start by providing a background to Wolff’s philosophy and explaining the notion of the dogmatic conflict. Then I present a potential contemporary case of the dogmatic conflict and try to see how it would be dealt with based on Guyer’s proposal. Finally, I consider what a Wolffian solution would look like, arguing that Guyer’s project might benefit from considering Wolff.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"17 1","pages":"12-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kant on the Jews and their Religion 康德论犹太人及其宗教
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1540
Wojciech Kozyra
{"title":"Kant on the Jews and their Religion","authors":"Wojciech Kozyra","doi":"10.33392/diam.1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1540","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of the article is the analysis of Kant’s notion of Judaism and his attitude toward the Jewish nation in a new context. Kant’s views on the Jewish religion are juxtaposed with those of Mendelssohn and Spinoza in order to emphasize several interesting features of Kant’s political and religious thought. In particular, the analysis shows that, unlike Mendelssohn, Kant did not consider tolerance to be the last word of the enlightened state in matters of its coexistence with religion. The author also argues that Kant’s fascination with Mendelssohn’s Jerusalem was premature and that his later disappointment with Mendelssohn’s persistent adherence to Jewish orthodoxy refl ects his understanding of the condition of Judaism in the context of the new era of Enlightenment. Moreover, the paper addresses in a novel way the relevant connections between Kant and Spinoza, showing substantive similarities between their notions of Judaism and Christianity, and provides an overview of Kant’s historical involvement with Jewish issues, which are signifi cant given the argumentative structure of the article.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45704934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
How Political Is the Kantian Church? 康德式教会有多政治化?
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1639
Stephen R. Palmquist
{"title":"How Political Is the Kantian Church?","authors":"Stephen R. Palmquist","doi":"10.33392/diam.1639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1639","url":null,"abstract":"Commentators who lament that Kant offers no concrete guidelines for how to set up an ethical community typically neglect Kant’s claim in Religion that the ethical state of nature can transform into an ethical community only by becoming a people of God—i.e., a religious community, or “church.” Kant’s argument culminates by positing four categorial precepts for church organization. The book’s next four sections can be read as elaborating further on each precept, respectively. Kant repeatedly warns against using religious norms to control people. Accordingly, he explicitly forbids the true church from adopting any standard form of political governance; it must aim to be radically non-political. Nevertheless, churches organized according to Kant’s non-coercive theocratic model contribute something essential to the ultimate political goal of achieving perpetual peace and an end to war: by approaching the ultimate ethical goal (the highest good), the true church offers an antidote to normative fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Ambiguity of Kant's Concept of the Visible Church 康德“可见教会”概念的歧义
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1604
Gordon Michalson Jr.
{"title":"The Ambiguity of Kant's Concept of the Visible Church","authors":"Gordon Michalson Jr.","doi":"10.33392/diam.1604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1604","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the implications of Manfred Kuehn’s observation that Kant’s claim in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason that the ethical community must be a community under God  seems “a bit strained.” After clarifying Kant’s train of thought that results in his conception of the ethical community in the form of the “visible church,” the paper argues that the seemingly strong religious dimension may be misleading. If we understand the ethical community to be the development of the kingdom of ends in the Groundwork , it becomes apparent that Kant’s notion of God’s “sovereignty” over the ethical community is a shared sovereignty lodged in rationality and not in God’s own will. The “strain” that Kuehn senses thus suggests the potentially gratuitous nature of Kant’s references to God’s sovereignty over the ethical community. Despite the initial appearances, Kant’s account of the ethical community in the form of the visible church is, over the long term, closer to a secularizing move than to a robustly religious one.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":"17 1","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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