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Medical Populism and the Moral Right to Healthcare 医学民粹主义与医疗保健的道德权利
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1887
Napoleon Jr. Mabaquiao, M. A. Dacela
{"title":"Medical Populism and the Moral Right to Healthcare","authors":"Napoleon Jr. Mabaquiao, M. A. Dacela","doi":"10.33392/diam.1887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1887","url":null,"abstract":"Medical populism, as a political style of handling the challenges of a public health crisis, has primarily been analyzed in terms of its influence on the efficacy of governmental efforts to meet the challenges of the current pandemic (such as those related to testing, vaccination, and community restrictions). As these efforts have moral consequences (they, for instance, will affect people’s wellbeing and may lead to suffering, loss of opportunities, and unfair distributions), an analysis of the ethics of medical populism is much needed. In this essay, we address the need to analyze the moral dimension of medical populism by relating it to issues in healthcare ethics. Specifically, we identify the moral significance of medical populism by demonstrating how it contributes to the failure of governments to discharge their moral duty to provide for the healthcare needs of their people, and, correlatively, to the violation of the people’s moral right to healthcare. We argue that with medical populism, governments tend to mishandle the constraints that would morally justify their shortcomings in fulfilling such duty. We identify such constraints as mainly referring to the governments’ given (economic and institutional) capacities and the relative degree of incumbency of their competing duties.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychoterapia – na styku mechanizmów psychologicznych i wolnej woli 心理治疗——在心理机制和自由意志的界面上
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1837
Dariusz Kuncewicz
{"title":"Psychoterapia – na styku mechanizmów psychologicznych i wolnej woli","authors":"Dariusz Kuncewicz","doi":"10.33392/diam.1837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1837","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artykułu jest rozwinięcie tezy o centralnym w procesie psychoterapii, rzadko artykułowanym wprost, znaczeniu decyzji pacjenta dotyczących prawdy i odpowiedzialności. W pierwszej części tekstu zarysowuję antropologiczny kontekst tezy, zgodnie z którym wyborom i mechanizmom psychologicznym przynależy status ontologicznie odrębnych, choć w doświadczeniu pacjenta zlewających się ze sobą, dziedzin rzeczywistości. Następnie, w nawiązaniu do stanowisk klasyków psychoterapii wyłaniam dwa aspekty decyzji pacjenta związanych z jego psychopatologią: przystosowawczy (wyraźniej widoczny w dzieciństwie) oraz moralny (wyraźniej widoczny w dorosłości). W dalszej części wyodrębniam grupy mechanizmów psychologicznych działających w służbie wyborów unikania prawdy i odpowiedzialności oraz, korzystając z ilustracji klinicznej, pokazuję, jak terapeuta może wspierać decyzje alternatywne. Na koniec doprecyzowuję rozumienie postulowanego modelu pracy wskazując na odmienne konsekwencje terapeutyczne odsłaniania mechanizmów psychologicznych vs. decyzyjności w zależności od typu zaburzenia pacjenta oraz na antropologiczno-moralny charakter jego wyborów.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ectogenesis and the Violinist 外生殖和小提琴家
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1873
William Simkulet
{"title":"Ectogenesis and the Violinist","authors":"William Simkulet","doi":"10.33392/diam.1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1873","url":null,"abstract":"Michal Pruski and Richard C. Playford argue that if partial ectogenesis technology becomes available then it would undermine Judith Jarvis Thomson’s defense of abortion. Thomson argues that even if a fetus has a right to life, this is not a positive right to be given whatever one needs to survive; it is not a right to use the mother’s body or to risk her life without her permission. Pruski and Playford argue that when the risks involved in ectogenesis are comparable to those of abortion, then minimal decency requires gestational mothers to opt for ectogenesis over abortion. This argument hinges on egregious misunderstandings of (1) ectogenesis technology, (2) medical and surgical abortion, and (3) medical consent.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nicolai Hartmann and José Ortega y Gasset: An overview of an intellectual relationship based on the correspondence of two philosophers from 1907–1912 Nicolai Hartmann和JoséOrtega y Gasset:基于1907-1912年两位哲学家通信的知识关系概述
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1816
Dorota Leszczyna
{"title":"Nicolai Hartmann and José Ortega y Gasset: An overview of an intellectual relationship based on the correspondence of two philosophers from 1907–1912","authors":"Dorota Leszczyna","doi":"10.33392/diam.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1816","url":null,"abstract":"This article is of both a historical and philosophical nature. It aims to present the intellectual relationship between the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and one of the most influential German thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, Nicolai Hartmann. It is based on hitherto unknown and unpublished correspondence that the philosophers conducted intermittently between 1907 and 1912. The correspondence was found in the archives of the José Ortega y Gasset – Gregorio Marañón Foundation in Madrid along with other letters that show the relationship between the Spanish author and representatives of the neo-Kantian Marburg School, including its founder Hermann Cohen, as well as Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer, and Heinz Heimsoeth.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kant and Revolution 康德与革命
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1759
R. Wonicki
{"title":"Kant and Revolution","authors":"R. Wonicki","doi":"10.33392/diam.1759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1759","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Kant’s political thought, this article deals with the relationship between a ruler’s power and freedom, law and morality. The assumed external freedom is to be guaranteed to individuals by a valid political authority (sovereign); however, the authorities do not have to obey the law, which means that the freedom of citizens is threatened. Thus, a tension appears between the freedom of the individual and obedience to an unjust law. From an authority’s perspective, peace is more important than moral development, and from a moral perspective, the rule of law is less important than ethical perfection. This leads to the question of whether revolutionary changes to the system can be justified on the basis of Kant’s assumptions, as some liberal interpretations of Kant’s thought propose. In this article, I argue that although the revolutionary moment is possible within Kant’s political philosophy, it is in a different place than most liberal authors point out and has no link to the common understanding of revolution.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrakcje w filozofii na podstawie bazy Retraction Watch w świetle wytycznych Komisji Etyki Publikacji
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1812
Tomasz Kubalica, M. Łyszczarz
{"title":"Retrakcje w filozofii na podstawie bazy Retraction Watch w świetle wytycznych Komisji Etyki Publikacji","authors":"Tomasz Kubalica, M. Łyszczarz","doi":"10.33392/diam.1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1812","url":null,"abstract":"Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy ilościowej i jakościowej zawiadomień o retrakcji w publikacjach z zakresu filozofii (o zasięgu globalnym) zawartych w Retraction Watch Database, z punktu widzenia zaleceń Komisji Etyki Publikacji. Pod względem ilościowym próba wynosi jedynie 0,48% rekordów w całej bazie, przez co trudno uznać ją za reprezentatywną dla dyscypliny, a tym bardziej niemożliwe jest uogólnienia wniosków na całą aktywność naukową. Statystyka wycofań publikacji może być jednak podstawą do studium przypadków. Treść zawiadomień jest często niekompletna lub niejednoznaczna. Normatywne uregulowania retrakcji publikacji w odniesieniu do przedmiotu badań należy uznać za nie w pełni adekwatne do specyfiki praktyki wydawniczej w filozofii.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43646176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ectogenesis and the Right to Life 共生与生命权
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1850
Prabhpal Singh
{"title":"Ectogenesis and the Right to Life","authors":"Prabhpal Singh","doi":"10.33392/diam.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1850","url":null,"abstract":"In this discussion note on Michal Pruski and Richard C. Playford’s “Artificial Wombs, Thomson and Abortion – What Might Change?,” I consider whether the prospect of ectogenesis technology would make abortion impermissible. I argue that a Thomson-style defense may not become inapplicable due to the right to life being conceived as a negative right. Further, if Thomson-style defenses do become inapplicable, those who claim that ectogenesis would be an obligatory alternative to abortion cannot do so without first showing that fetuses have a right to life, something that Thomson assumed rather than argued for. I also include a discussion on ethical problems concerning what to do about children born from artificial wombs put there by those who looked to terminate their pregnancies because they sought to avoid parenthood.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44971096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aspekty normatywne i aktualna sytuacja komisji etyki badań naukowych z udziałem ludzi na polskich uczelniach technicznych 波兰科技大学人员参与科学研究伦理委员会的规范方面和现状
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1811
Monika Małek-Orłowska, K. Jach
{"title":"Aspekty normatywne i aktualna sytuacja komisji etyki badań naukowych z udziałem ludzi na polskich uczelniach technicznych","authors":"Monika Małek-Orłowska, K. Jach","doi":"10.33392/diam.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1811","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule przedstawiono normatywne aspekty działalności komisji do spraw etyki badań naukowych z udziałem ludzi na polskich uczelniach technicznych. Spośród osiemnastu uczelni, jedenaście w ostatnich latach powołało takie komisje. Szczegółowo opisano działalność komisji etyki badań z udziałem ludzi działającej na Politechnice Wrocławskiej, zestawiając jej sposób funkcjonowania z wybranymi elementami praktyki działania analogicznej komisji z Uniwersytetu Technicznego w Delft. W kontekście pracy komisji omówiono problemy dotyczące definicji, zakresu kompetencji komisji oraz identyfikacji czynników ryzyka i zarządzania ryzykiem badawczym. Podsumowaniem badań są propozycje organizacyjne i badawcze związane z funkcjonowaniem komisji etyki badań naukowych z udziałem ludzi na uczelniach technicznych.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Etyka naukowych badań społecznych. Pomiędzy kodyfikacją i instytucjonalizacją a praktyką badawczą 科学社会研究的伦理学。在编纂与制度化与研究实践之间
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1818
Adrianna Surmiak
{"title":"Etyka naukowych badań społecznych. Pomiędzy kodyfikacją i instytucjonalizacją a praktyką badawczą","authors":"Adrianna Surmiak","doi":"10.33392/diam.1818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1818","url":null,"abstract":"W ostatniej dekadzie można zaobserwować postępującą w naukach społecznych kodyfikację i instytucjonalizację etyki badań. Powstaje coraz więcej kodeksów etycznych, które standaryzują zasady etycznego prowadzenia badań oraz komisji etycznych kontrolujących projekty badawcze. Za kodyfikacją oraz instytucjonalizacją etyki naukowych badań społecznych stoi między innymi przekonanie, że kodeksy i komisje etyczne znacząco przyczynią się do etycznego postępowania badaczek i ochronią podmioty zaangażowane w badania, szczególnie ich uczestników, przed krzywdą. W artykule argumentuję, że to nie wystarczy, gdyż zarówno osoby prowadzące badania, jak i komisje etyczne powinny kierować się w swoich decyzjach etycznych wyobraźnią moralną.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Artificial Wombs, Thomson and Abortion – What Might Change? 人工子宫、汤姆森和堕胎——可能会发生什么变化?
IF 0.3
Diametros Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.33392/diam.1794
M. Pruski, Richard C Playford
{"title":"Artificial Wombs, Thomson and Abortion – What Might Change?","authors":"M. Pruski, Richard C Playford","doi":"10.33392/diam.1794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33392/diam.1794","url":null,"abstract":"Ectogenesis (artificial wombs) might soon become a reality. This paper will analyse how the development of such technologies will affect Judith Jarvis Thomson’s defence of abortion, and what the potential consequences of this will be for society. Thomson attempts to justify abortion by appealing to the mother’s right to bodily autonomy. We will argue that once these technologies have been developed, the right to abortion can no longer be justified by  such appeals. As a result, when justifying abortion, Thomson-style arguments will no longer work, and a very different strategy will have to be adopted by those wishing to justify its permissibility. Anticipating a consequent weaker position of the pro-choice view, we briefly consider some of the practical implications of ectogenesis for society: effects on parental dynamics, governmental expenditure, research, and gender equality.","PeriodicalId":42290,"journal":{"name":"Diametros","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47356090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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