Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki最新文献

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Gender Factor in the Russian Propaganda of the Ally’s Image during World War I 第一次世界大战期间俄国盟军形象宣传中的性别因素
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.061
O. Porshneva
{"title":"Gender Factor in the Russian Propaganda of the Ally’s Image during World War I","authors":"O. Porshneva","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.061","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the role of the gender factor in promoting the image of an ally in the conditions of the First World War. The author shows that in the pre-revolutionary period of Russia’s participation in the war, pro-allied propaganda was used as an instrument of patriotic political mobilisation of society. The main plot of such propaganda was the successes of the allies, primarily England and France, in mobilising material and human resources in the interests of the war, and the achievements of those countries in organising the rear. In the publications of the press, gender language was widely used, as well as images of masculinity and femininity as examples of proper male and female participation in the war, and the patriotic efforts of men and women. The concepts of ideal masculinity used in promoting the image of an ally included the ideas of a responsible civic attitude, decisiveness, and energy as the main attributes of a man in the conditions of the “home front” of a new industrial war. Until the February Revolution of 1917, Great Britain served as a model when it came to national mobilisation in the propaganda of the Russian media, and its leaders, like the heads and representatives of the British Empire governments, became personal incarnations of masculinity. In contrast to them, the position of W. Wilson before the US entered the war was viewed as humiliating and humble, which contained negative gender connotations and contradicted the ideal of masculinity. The images of the allied nations’ women played a special role in patriotic mobilisation, embodying selflessness as the traditional ideal of femininity, while simultaneously involving new connotations and meanings associated with the proactive position of women in a new type of war. During the Revolution of 1917, in a situation of growing disillusionment with the war, the propaganda of the mobilisation efforts of the allies ceased to be a popular subject of Russian socio-political discourse. Titanic propaganda efforts undertaken by the allies themselves also failed. The public demand for gender equality actualised by the Revolution manifested itself in the movement to form women’s battalions, which also became a demonstration of the patriotic civic position of women. Despite its predominantly propagandistic rather than military significance, this movement also did not work as an instrument of patriotic mobilisation, showing the persistence of gender stereotypes and society’s weariness from war.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91148852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sino-Tibetan Style of Buddhist Sculpture: Articulation of the Attribution Problem 佛教雕塑的汉藏风格:归属问题的阐释
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.039
V. Demenova
{"title":"Sino-Tibetan Style of Buddhist Sculpture: Articulation of the Attribution Problem","authors":"V. Demenova","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.039","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the concept of “style” and the possibility of its application in the attribution of works of Buddhist metal sculpture. This aspect, which, as a rule, is peripheral for classical Oriental studies, Buddhology, and history, where it is interpreted quite freely, is one of the key ones for art history and museum attribution activities. The author notes the terminological and factual diversity of the designation of the “Sino-Tibetan style” in the circle of researchers of the art of Buddhism. The author poses the question of what exactly the concept of “Sino-Tibetan style” means and whether it is an indication of the body of technical and plastic features of sculptures, or just a designation of the geography of the origin of Buddhist sculptures of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries made in the western provinces of China. The author refers to three sculptures which are the most controversial ones from the point of view of attribution (Maitreya Buddha from the private collection of A. V. Glazyrin (Ekaterinburg), Shakyamuni Buddha, and Begtse from the collection of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore), which have several similar stylistic features, and which could presumably be attributed to the “Sino-Tibetan style” of the eighteenth century. Also, the article presents the results of the study of the metal composition of these sculptures using an X-ray fluorescence analyser (spectrometer). Based on the data obtained on the content of substances in the alloy and considering the general artistic and stylistic features of metal images, the author makes a conclusion as to when the attribution designation “Tibeto-Chinese style” is the most accurate one and when it can be applied to Buddhist gilded sculptures created on the territory of China (Manchu Qin dynasty) between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85395136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Martian” Novels in Russian Science Fiction in the Early 20th Century 20世纪初俄罗斯科幻小说中的“火星人”小说
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.023
Tatiana I. Khoruzhenko
{"title":"“Martian” Novels in Russian Science Fiction in the Early 20th Century","authors":"Tatiana I. Khoruzhenko","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.023","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an attempt to consider the formation of the “Martian” text in Russian literature during the Silver Age. The author studies three novels about trips to Mars (On Another Planet by P. Infantiev, On a Neighboring Planet by V. Kryzhanovskaya, Red Star by A. Bogdanov) published in Russia from 1901 to 1908. The aim of the study is to identify the main stable elements of the structure that appeared in all the three novels. The author employs methods of comparative historical analysis. All the three novels are compared with each other and placed into the context of the mystical, utopian, and scientific searches of the epoch. The author identifies common elements of the structure of the narrative in the three texts (the composition consists of three parts: description of life on Earth — flight to Mars — return) and plot (interaction between earthlings and Martians, the idea of Martians as older comrades, a love story of a Martian and an earthling). It was also possible to trace the correlation of the three novels with the utopias of place and time and find out the influence of life-creating strategies that were popular in the Silver Age. The article examines the influence of the “Martian” text which emerged at the beginning of the century on Soviet science fiction starting with A. Tolstoy’s Aelita and ending with the novels of 1960s–1980s. As a result, the author concludes that the “Martian” text of the early twentieth century laid down the main questions about interaction with the inhabitants of other planets, the possibility of colonization, and the price that one must pay for the contact with other worlds. Soviet science fiction searched for answers to them.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Staff and Activity of the Section of Medieval History at the Institute of History of the Russian Association of Scientific Research Institutes (1921–1929) 俄罗斯科学研究机构协会历史研究所中世纪历史科的工作人员和活动(1921-1929)
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.029
S. Kondratiev, T. Kondratieva
{"title":"Staff and Activity of the Section of Medieval History at the Institute of History of the Russian Association of Scientific Research Institutes (1921–1929)","authors":"S. Kondratiev, T. Kondratieva","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.029","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the activities of the Section of Medieval History which was a structural department of the Institute of History at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Moscow State University (1921–1925) and later joined the Russian Association of Research Institutes of Social Sciences (RANION) (1925–1929). Relying on minutes of the section and records and reports of the Institute of History, the authors demonstrate that the staff of the section headed by D. M. Petrushevsky remained faithful to the high academic standards of the Russian pre-revolutionary school, which was formulated in the aims and tasks of the section and was reflected in the research problems, as well as the level and quality of publications and the reports made. The scholars and instructors of the section did not teach classes to students but were focused on their research and postgraduate work. There were only minor changes in the composition of the Section, which included seven members and five postgraduate students. At the same time, the Medieval History Section was one of the most productive in the Institute, actively publishing monographs, translations of medieval sources, articles, and reviews. The topics and content of the publications, papers, and discussions show that the section’s research agenda was dominated by the socioeconomic issues of the early Middle Ages, the history of the medieval city, and debatable and topical issues of medieval studies. The authors of the article also pay attention to papers of graduate students not assigned to the Section, some of which had academic merit and were subsequently published. The academic discourse and research fields of the Section’s historians testify to their neglect of topics and approaches relevant for Soviet Marxism.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78203791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Terrible in the Works of Adamist Poets S. Gorodetsky, V. Narbut, and M. Zenkevich 亚当主义诗人S.戈罗捷斯基、V.纳洛特和M.赞克维奇作品中的恐怖
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.073
I. Vasilyev
{"title":"The Terrible in the Works of Adamist Poets S. Gorodetsky, V. Narbut, and M. Zenkevich","authors":"I. Vasilyev","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.073","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the terrible in the works of Adamist poets to identify common features and patterns in their creative work. Adamism is both a synonym for Acmeism and the designation of its left wing, represented by S. Gorodetsky, V. Narbut, and M. Zenkevich. Accepting the basic postulates of Gumilyov’s Acmeism (supported by A. Akhmatova and O. Mandelstam) about the primordial attitude to reality, the priority of objectivity in the composition of the artistic world which sought to acquire earthly contours and outlines, Adamists were much more resolute about the possibility of considering a wide range of everyday phenomena and everyday things worthy of artistic comprehension. Physiologism, the animal nature in humans, and primitive savage impulses also became a favorite basis for Adamists for their naturalistic pictorial solutions. This vitalist approach was combined with an interest in the spontaneous, pagan, and folklore and ethnographic. The bearers of the terrible in V. Narbut are disgusting and ugly things, people, animals, representatives of folk demonology, mystical creatures, and zombies. Their appearance and existence are associated with a violation of the norm, deformity or disfiguring disease, the appearance of evil spirits, and the domination of death and decay. All this, for the characters and the lyrical subject himself, was a manifestation of the Otherworldly and the intrusion of a frightening Other into everyday life. The material and biological basis presented through the prism of coarse physiology, animal struggle for existence, and aggressive struggle of the sexes determines the interpretation of the terrible in M. Zenkevich’s poetry. The article examines how any layers of culture collapse and terrible crimes and murders are committed when primitive animal and wild subconscious instincts are released. The evolution of the terrible in Zenkevich is related to the movement from the eschatology of the natural-cosmic catastrophism of the Earth to the eschatology of personality, the comprehension of the tragedy of the individual’s existence. Gorodetsky’s poetry is associated with the folk poetic element, ethnographic excursions, interest in social issues, and anti-urbanism. Many thematic sections of the terrible combine Gorodetsky’s work with the work of literary brothers in Adamism: interest in the primary and primordial, folk demonology, nightmares, and death. The peculiarity of Gorodetsky’s approach to the problem of the terrible manifests itself in the artistic embodiment of the motif of the mask, hiding the conflict between the deceptive phenomenon and the essence of things: for the poet, the loss of individuality, facelessness, and alienation are terrible.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77046070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liturgical Tradition of Rome in the 11th Century: A Preliminary List of Manuscripts 11世纪罗马的礼拜仪式传统:手稿的初步列表
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.1.003
A. Tkachenko
{"title":"Liturgical Tradition of Rome in the 11th Century: A Preliminary List of Manuscripts","authors":"A. Tkachenko","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines manuscripts that help reconstruct the authentic liturgical tradition of the city of Rome in the eleventh century. This tradition goes back to the early Middle Ages and, contrary to the hypothesis of Th. Klauser and M. Andrieu, did not undergo “Germanisation” after the imperial coronation of Otto I the Great but existed with certain changes until the thirteenth century. To determine whether manuscripts belong to this tradition, it is necessary to use a complex methodology that considers the data of palaeography, art history, musicology, and liturgy. It should be distinguished from the liturgy of some monastic congregations (Cluny, Monte Cassino), which were represented in Rome and its suburbs. The books of the Canons Regular of the Lateran, which represent a distinct version of the reformed worship, should be considered separately. The analysis of the manuscripts is carried out in the article according to the types of liturgical books: Lectionaries, Sacramentaries, Graduals, Antiphonaries, etc. Additionally, the article analyses surviving medieval lists of books kept in Roman churches. The author concludes that authentic Roman liturgy is reflected in 32 surviving manuscripts of different types (3 more require additional study). For most of them, the author establishes their affiliation with a particular Roman church or monastery. Most of them reflect the state of worship during the period of the Gregorian reform, but some of them make it possible to study the previous stage in the history of liturgy in Rome. As an excursus, the author considers the origin of the Evangelistary-Sacramentary Arch. Cap. S. Pietro. F 12, which, according to the author, was not created in Rome, as was commonly believed, but in the abbey of San Tommaso in Foglia.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78314643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
King of Cyprus Peter I Lusignan: From Hero to Tyrant and Back 塞浦路斯国王彼得一世:从英雄到暴君再回来
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.055
Svetlana V. Bliznyuk
{"title":"King of Cyprus Peter I Lusignan: From Hero to Tyrant and Back","authors":"Svetlana V. Bliznyuk","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.055","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author deals with the Cypriot society’s process of reflection regarding the life and death of the legendary king Peter I Lusignan of Cyprus (1359–1369). In world historiography, many works are devoted to his life and acts. The originality of this research lies in an innovative articulation of the issue, i.e. an attempt to understand the process of the victorious king’s transformation into a tyrant hated by everybody and then back into a hero. The author deals with the deeds of the king as a politician and crusader only to the extent that is necessary to explain the above processes. Peter I Lusignan could show his best side and impress others. If his policies were successful, he remained a courteous and glorious king. As soon as his domestic and foreign policy was defeated, the negative sides of his psyche came to the forefront. His tyranny became so unbearable that to his vassals his death seemed the only way to save themselves and the kingdom. However, then the Cypriot society reframes the murder as a moral sin, the penalty for which lies on all Cypriots, without exception. The society repents for the assassination. All the subsequent political, social, and economic hardships of the kingdom are explained through the prism of the sin of killing the king. The Cypriot society identifies itself with his great victories, his glory, and his greatness. His victorious crusades are recognised as part of the history of the Kingdom of Cyprus. This helps to bring Peter I Lusignan back as a victorious hero in historical memory.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81107759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dmitry Grigorovich’s Literary Memoirs: Axiology and Plot 德米特里·格里戈洛维奇的文学回忆录:价值论与情节
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.077
A. Kozlov
{"title":"Dmitry Grigorovich’s Literary Memoirs: Axiology and Plot","authors":"A. Kozlov","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.077","url":null,"abstract":"Referring to the memoirs of Dmitry Grigorovich, this article considers the general principles of axiology and plot of the memoir text. A contemporary of Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, Grigorovich became the “last chronicler” of the era of the 1840s. In this article, the author attempts to read Literary Memoirs as a work of fiction (novel), establishing typological connections between everyday sketches and essay-like sketches and plot situations that have a literary genesis. First, the author examines the phenomenon of Dmitry Grigorovich’s creative work in the axiology aspects. It is demonstrated that the symbolic capital of the writer’s name, despite the authority and significance of some of his works, was lost by the end of the nineteenth century. In this regard, the main intention of “literary recollections” is understood as an attempt to correct the past (represented by the narratives of Ivan Panaev, Avdotya Panaeva, and Pavel Annenkov), having experienced it in the present, i.e., through writing and auto-description. The main part of the article is devoted to the interpretation of plot models of memoirs and the principles of selection of historical figures. Often this selection itself (the choice of a publicist or a memoirist, what to write about and what to keep silent about) contains significant resources for auto-commentary. For example, in the description of childhood experience, referring the reader to the novels of Charles Dickens, Gustave Flaubert, and John Greenwood, one can trace “heraldic” features that frame the writer’s experience. Particular attention is paid to the figures central to the memoirs — Fyodor Dostoevsky and Alexander Dumas, embodying the specific features of the national writer and genius, with an individual portrait of Grigorovich himself built between them.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76038768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“God’s Stone Has Fallen down from the Sky”: Functions of Oral Stories and Contemporary Dynamics of Local Tradition “上帝的石头从天而降”:口述故事的功能与地方传统的当代动态
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.047
S. Korolyova, A. Chernykh
{"title":"“God’s Stone Has Fallen down from the Sky”: Functions of Oral Stories and Contemporary Dynamics of Local Tradition","authors":"S. Korolyova, A. Chernykh","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.3.047","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers folk ideas about boulders as significant objects of the natural landscape. The article mostly refers to the records made by the authors in 2005 and 2021 in the village of Oshib, Kudymkar District, Perm Region. Although the ethno-local tradition of Oshib was formed in a stable community, it has its own internal dynamics. As a result of this process, the plots of oral stories update and their functions change. The article considers the case of the Oshib stone in a broad context, i.e. in comparison with other cult stones. This approach helps highlight significant coincidences and shows the features of Komi-Permyak “vernacular mineralogy”. Folklore narratives and the proper names of stones reveal that the large size of the object becomes an important reason for the mythologisation of the boulder. It is believed that large single stones have a “heavenly” origin. One of the forms of ritual interaction is visiting stones as part of calendar rites. The Oshib boulder is found in a “dangerous” forest, so the inhabitants endow it with an ambivalent character: it is associated with demonic spirits and is used to frighten children. In the middle of the twentieth century, the folklore tradition of Oshib slowly disappears, but in the twenty-first century, its re-actualisation begins. At the same time, the actional code is completely changed, and the plots and motifs of oral stories update. In contemporary stories, there are two lines of mythologisation: one of them continues the theme of the “dangerous” stone, while the other one is a kind of adaptation of natural scientific knowledge. An important factor in the development of the tradition is the inclusion of the cult boulder into school project activities and the villagers’ intention to turn it into a tourist site. Folklore plots become a symbolic resource with the help of which the new “agents of tradition” solve this task.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89437631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illegitimate Fertility in the Urals During the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries 19世纪末20世纪初乌拉尔地区的非婚生现象
IF 0.1
Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.066
E. Glavatskaya, E. Zabolotnykh
{"title":"Illegitimate Fertility in the Urals During the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries","authors":"E. Glavatskaya, E. Zabolotnykh","doi":"10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.4.066","url":null,"abstract":"Out-of-wedlock births are one of the important aspects of the demographic history in late imperial Russia. The percentage of children born to unwed mothers in the Russian Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was lower than the general average in European countries. However, in the specific context of the Russian demographic order, with earlier age at marriage and more universal nuptiality than in Europe generally, the study of out-of-wedlock births and especially their spatial distribution, acquires special significance. This work is aimed at studying the dynamics of out-of-wedlock births in Perm province in the decades around 1900. The authors pay particular attention to out-of-wedlock births in the city of Ekaterinburg, using official statistics and the “Ural Population Project” database, URAPP based on parish registers with vital events in five city parishes. The authors reconstruct the dynamics of out-of-wedlock births in each of the twelve Perm province counties, reflecting a general downward trend, especially in counties containing a significant proportion of Old Believers. It is established that the average level of illegitimate births among the rural population was 4%, and in cities — 9%. The out-of-wedlock birth rate increased during times of wars and social upheavals, especially in cities differing from parish to parish. In St Epiphany parish of Ekaterinburg, the illegitimate birth rate reached 41% during the famine of 1892. Concurrently, at least 11% of the women, including some from relatively wealthy families, baptised up to seven “illegitimate” children in the parish. This gives grounds to perceive the phenomenon of out-of-wedlock births not only because of the unfortunate circumstances for young women, but also as a sign of modernisation in the sphere of family and marriage relations, slowed down by archaic legislation.","PeriodicalId":42281,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Uralskogo Federalnogo Universiteta-Seriya 2-Gumanitarnye Nauki","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85107060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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