Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Spread of Muslim Feminist Ideas in Indonesia: Before and After the Digital Era","authors":"N. Nurmila","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.97-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.97-126","url":null,"abstract":"Internet has changed the way how knowledge is spread. This paper describes the spread of Muslim feminist ideas in Indonesia. It answers the questions of what constitute feminist ideas, how Muslim feminist ideas spread before and after the Digital Era and what challenges and opportunities provided by the internet that hinder and help the spread of these ideas. Muslim feminism has spread in Indonesia since the early 1990s through the translation of the works of non-Indonesian Muslim feminists such as Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer and Amina Wadud. Since 2010, the increasing use of internet among Indonesians has made the spread of Muslim feminist ideas faster. However, it is challenging that conservative groups also mobilized the internet to oppose Muslim feminist ideas. Another challenge is that not all Indonesian Muslims have easy access to the internet and therefore Indonesian Muslim feminists still have to adopt various offline media such as seminars or radio to spread their ideas. [Internet telah mengubah cara penyebaran pengetahuan. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan penyebaran ide-ide feminis Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ide-ide feminis Muslim, bagaimana ide-ide feminis Muslim tersebar sebelum dan sesudah Era Digital dan tantangan serta kesempatan apa yang diberikan oleh internet yang menghalangi dan membantu penyebaran ide-ide ini. Feminis Muslim telah tersebar di Indonesia sejak awal tahun 1990-an melalui penerjemahan karya-karya Muslim feminis yang bukan dari Indonesia seperti Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer dan Amina Wadud. Sejak tahun 2010, meningkatnya penggunaan internet dikalangan orang Indonesia telah membuat penyebaran ide-ide Muslim feminis lebih cepat. Akan tetapi, terdapat tantangan yaitu bahwa kelompok konservatif pun menggunakan internet untuk menentang ide-ide feminis Muslim. Tantangan lainnya adalah bahwa tidak semua Muslim Indonesia memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap internet, oleh karena itu para feminis Muslim Indonesia masih juga harus menggunakan berbagai media di luar jaringan seperti seminar atau radio untuk menyebarkan ide-ide mereka.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islam and Humanity: Commodification of Aid for Rohingya in Aceh","authors":"Lindra Darnela","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2021.591.57-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.591.57-96","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how Rohingya refugees in Aceh in 2015-2016 received assistance and the role of Islamic philanthropic institutions in providing aid. The paper shows that through the media, Islamic philanthropic institutions have successfully advocated for Rohingya rights and raised the issue as a religious issue so that they have collected large donations. Also, this paper finds a discrepancy between the information conveyed by the media and the reality in the field, showing significant efforts in the commodification of humanitarian aid and abuse of religion.[Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh periode 2015-2016 mendapatkan bantuan dan peran dari lembaga filantropi Islam dalam penyediaan bantuan tersebut. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa lembaga filantrofi Islam berhasil mengadvokasi hak Rohingya melalui media dan mengkaitkan dalam isu agama sehingga mendapatkan donasi yang berlipat. Selain itu dalam artikel ini juga menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian antara informasi di media dengan kenyataan di lapangan, bahkan terdapat indikasi komodifikasi bantuan kemanusiaan dan penyalahgunaan agama.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43640629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stuck in Sharia Space: The Experiences of Christian Students to Reside in Langsa, Aceh","authors":"Yogi Febriandi, Yaser Amri","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.33-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.33-56","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the problem of spatial access for Christian students of Samudera University as experiences of minorities in Langsa, Aceh. This article argues that Aceh’s public space that is formed by religious identity, leads dichotomy of citizenship in social life. Using life story method, this article explores the problem of Christian students of Samudera University to reside in Langsa. The results show the formation of space by displaying a single identity has polarized majority-minority in public space. Finally, this article also shows that the formation of space by displaying a single identity created an imbalance space for minority, and compelling minority to create alternative space.[Artikel ini membahas persoalan akses ruang berdasarkan pengalaman mahasiswa minoritas Kristen di Universitas Samudera, Langsa, Aceh. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa ruang publik Aceh terbentuk oleh identitas religius yang berujung pada dikotomi kehidupan sosial penduduknya. Dengan pendekatan life story, artikel ini menjelaskan masalah yang dihadapi mahasiswa Kristen yang tinggal di Langsa, Aceh. Dalam kesimpulannya menunjukkan bahwa formasi ruang publik terbelah dan tidak seimbang antara identitas mayoritas dan minoritas, dimana identitas minoritas terdesak untuk menciptakan ruang alternatif baru.]     ","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43510882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Textuality to Universality: The Evolution of Ḥirābah Crimes in Islamic Jurisprudence","authors":"M. Khasan","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2021.591.%P","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of the escalation of crime, which is increasingly varied and is getting heavier, is becoming a global concern. The development and progress of the world seems to have contributed to changes in the type and quality of crime, not only in the form and method, but also in the damage it causes. Crime trends increasingly point to collective crimes, systematic crimes, and crimes with extensive and massive excess damage. This article intends to criticize the systematic change (evolution) that has occurred in the concept of ḥirābah crime in Islamic law from a classical to contemporary perspective. The qualitative analysis of this article is focused on three fundamental issues, namely; ḥirābah interpretation, ḥirābah liability, and ḥirābah punishment. The author reveals in the conclusion that; first, based on its elements and characteristics, the definition of ḥirābah can be expanded to include new types of crimes such as; terrorism, rape, and drug trafficking and smuggling. Second, it is necessary to reconstruct the ḥirābah responsibility theory into a formulation that considers the principle of legal certainty and the principle of equality before the law. The reconstruction model, among others, is the affirmation that all people who involve themselves in the crime are perpetrators of ḥirābah (with an ishtirāk approach). Likewise, reconstruction efforts are needed to enforce equality of accountability between male and female actors. Third, as a serious crime, ḥirābah deserves a severe punishment and has a strong deterrent effect, as offered by Islamic law. However, the opportunity to give dispensation to the punishment will always be open if the perpetrator can prove his seriousness in repenting.[Eskalasi kriminalitas yang semakin beragam dan berat telah menjadi perhatian global saat ini. Pembangunan dan kemajuan dunia berkontribusi pada perubahan pola dan tingkat kriminalitas, tidak hanya bentuk dan cara, tetapi juga akibat yang ditimbulkan. Trend kriminalitas bertambah mulai dari yang berkelompok, sistematis, hingga yang kerusakannya masif dan pengaruhnya panjang. Tulisan ini mengkritisi perubahan sistematis pada konsep kriminal (ḥirābah) dalam hukum Islam dari pendekatan klasik hingga kontemporer. Analisis kualitatif dalam tulisan ini fokus pada tiga hal mendasar yaitu penafsiran, arah kecenderungan dan hukuman. Kesimpulan pertama tulisan ini adalah definisi kriminal berdasarkan unsur dan karakternya yang dapat meluas maknanya termasuk terorisme, pemerkosaan, narkoba, dan penyelundupan. Kedua, perlu rekonstruksi baru teori kriminalitas yang mempertimbangkan kepastian hukum dan kesetaraan hak dimuka hukum. Ketiga, sebagai kejahatan serius, ḥirābah pantas mendapat hukuman berat dan mempunyai efek pencegahan yang kuat seperti halnya dalam hukum Islam. Meski demikian, ada peluang dispensasi hukuman jika pelaku dapat menunjukkan kesungguhan untuk bertobat.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Impact of Islamic Law in the Identity and Provisions of Qatari Legal System: Conceptual Frame and Legislative Directions","authors":"Abdullah Abdullah","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.451-482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.451-482","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Islamic law situation in Qatari law based on a case study to the main concepts, and some special practical issues in Qatari Law. The paper focuses on a conceptual approach to Qatari law and Islamic law in the light of centrality of Islamic law. Furthermore this paper also focuses on the distinctive characteristics of the law compared to the other such as the concept of human behavior in such a way that it has an impact on the penalty in the legal rule as a distinct component. The analysis also pays an attention to a distinction between the legal rules and other social rules in the matter of giving an influence on structure of human behavior. As a matter of fact, this article also tries to give e light on the centrality of Islamic law on Qatari law, especially on the case of taking back of charity ( hibah ) as an example. The paper ends with conclusion that for Islamic legislation in Qatari law, Islamic Sharia is considered to be the main source and it is needed to develop a legislative and judicial orientations based on Islamic legal rules that regulate transactions in Qatari law. [Artikel ini membahas situasi hukum Islam di dalam hukum Negara Qatar berdasarkan pada studi kasus atas beberapa konsep kunci dan isu praktis dalam hukum Qatar. Tulisan ini fokus pada pendekatan konseptual hukum Qatar dan Syariah Islam berdasarkan pada sentralitas Syari’ah islam. Selain itu, artikel ini  juga membahas tentang karakter khusus undang-undang dibanding dengan yang lainnya seperti teori prilaku yang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap penerapan hukumannya. Selain itu, pembahasan tersebut juga mempertimbangkan perbedaannya dibandingkan dengan hukum sosial terkait dengan pengaruh terhadap pembentukan prilaku.  Artikel ini juga memberikan penekanan kajian atas sentralitas hukum Islam dan pengaruhnya terhadap konsep undang-undang seperti pengaturan tentang hak menarik kembali dana hibah dalam undang-undang di Qatar. Dalam kesimpulan, artikel ini menyatakan bahwa dalam undang-undang Qatar, hukum Islam menempati posisi yang sentral dan menjadi basis utama dalam pengembangan legislatif dan  orientasi yuridis yang didasarkan pada aturan legal Islam dalam pengaturan transaksi dalam undang-undang hukum di Qatar.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"203 1","pages":"451-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77024462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Māturīdite Kalam among Southeast Asian Ash`Arite: A Synthesis of Māturīdite Influences on Dayah’s Theology","authors":"Saifuddin Dhuhri, Tarmizi M. Jakfar","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.391-418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.391-418","url":null,"abstract":"As the earliest Muslims and first known who introduced Islam in Southeast Asia, Dayah community has continuingly played a great role in retaining and spreading the Ash`arite school of theology in the region. Ash`arite theology is a major area of interest within the field of Islamic studies in Southeast Asia. The teachings of Māturīdite kalam have, however, received little attention, in particular its impact on local theology from many scholars. Furthering the legacy of Nasafi’s construction of Southeast Asian theology, this paper is an attempt to unearth Māturīdi’s significance among Southeast Asian Muslims by analyzing the content of dayah’s curriculum, explaining the intellectual network of Māturīdite ulema, and explicating the role of Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah consensus along with interviewing several key informants on the issues of Islamic theology. I craft this paper by arguing that Māturīdite kalam has considerable impacts on local theology, e.g., upholding rationality on God’s attributes, and relying on ilm mantiq method in justifying human freedom. This paper has great contributions in advancing the study of Southeast Asian Muslim theology and its relation to the concept of Islamisation of indigenous culture; like the concepts of cosmopolitanism and syncretism, and the finding of Māturīdi’s kalam in Southeast Asia. [Dayah di Aceh, institusi yang paling awal mengenalkan Islam di Asia Tenggara, hingga saat ini masih merupakan aktor yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan dan menyebarkan mazhab Ash’ariyah di kawasan ini. Mazhab ini juga dominan dalam kajian Islam di Asia Tenggara. Pengajaran ilmu kalam Māturīdiah, meski mendapat porsi sedikit, pada khususnya berpengaruh pada teologi para ulama setempat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali signifikasi Māturīdiah dikalangan muslim Asia Tenggara melalui analisis materi kurikulum pengajaran di dayah, pemetaan jaringan ulama Māturīdiah dan mengurai peran konsensus para Aswaja. Dengan wawancara beberapa tokoh kunci dayah di Aceh, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa ilmu kalam Māturīdiah berpengaruh pada teologi lokal seperti; dukungan rasionalitas dalam mengenal Tuhan dan mempertimbangkan metode ilmu mantiq dalam pembenaran kebebasan manusia. Artikel ini mempunyai kontribusi penting dalam kajian teologi Islam di Asia Tenggara dan hubungan antar konsep dalam islamisasi budaya lokal seperti kosmopolitanisme, sinkretisme, dan teologi Māturīdi.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"391-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89227726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religion and Voting Behavior: Evidence from the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election","authors":"Saiful Mujani, Syarif Hidayatullah, terhadap perilaku memilih, sejauh ini juga, tidak banyak, terlihat karena, belum teruji secara sistematik, Pemilihan gubernur Dki","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.419-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.419-450","url":null,"abstract":"In voting behavior studies, the effect of religion on partisan choice relative to psychological factors and political economy has not been conclusively determined. In Indonesian politics, religion has frequently been understood as a typology of Muslim religiosity, i.e. santri versus abangan , or orthodox versus heterodox Muslim. This conception does not significantly predict election outcomes. The effect of religious identity, i.e. Islam versus other religion, on voting is not discernable so far because it has not been systematically tested. The 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election is a rare instance in which the contestants have different religious identities in an almost homogenous society. This setting is ideal. This essay reports the results of a test from public opinion surveys prior to and an exit poll on election day. The result verified that religion explains very significantly how the Muslim candidate won. Political economy and partisanship, however, save the incumbent from a big loss. These findings have more systematically revised the existing comparative and Indonesian literature on the relationship between religion and voting behavior. [Dalam studi perilaku memilih, perbandingan pengaruh agama, faktor psikologis, maupun ekonomi politik, terhadap pilihan partai atau calon dalam pemilihan umum belum konklusif. Dalam politik Indonesia, agama sering difahami dalam tipologi keberagamaan santri versus abangan , atau Muslim puritan versus Muslim sinkretis. Konsepsi agama ini tidak punya pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku memilih dalam pemilihan umum sejauh ini. Sementara itu pengaruh identitas agama, yakni Islam versus agama lainnya, terhadap perilaku memilih sejauh ini juga tidak banyak terlihat karena belum teruji secara sistematik. Pemilihan gubernur DKI Jakarta 2017 adalah contoh kasus langka di Indonesia di mana calon-calon gubernurnya punya identitas agama berbeda sementara pemilihnya hampir homogen dilihat dari identitas agamanya. Keadaan ini ideal untuk menguji pengaruh identitas agama terhadap perilaku memilih. Artikel ini merupakan laporan hasil uji perbandingan pengaruh identitas agama, faktor psikologis, dan ekonomi-politik pada perilaku memilih gubernur, dan bersandar pada data survei opini publik sebelum dan di hari pemilihan. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa identitas agama sangat mempengaruhi bagimana calon gubernur beragama Islam menang dalam pemilihan tersebut. Namun demikian, pengaruh ekonomi-politik dan identitas kepartaian menolong petahana yang non-Muslim dari kekalahan telak. Temuan-temuan ini merevisi referensi studi politik perbandingan dan Indonesia terkait hubungan agama dan perilaku memilih.]","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"419-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81361599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicts and Islah Strategy of Muslim Women Organization: Case Study of ‘Aisyiyah in Intra and Inter-Organizational Divergence","authors":"Siti Syamsiyatun","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.355-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.355-390","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesians have witnessed the rise and fall of women organizations, at both micro and macro levels. In 1928, there were at least thirty women’s organizations from various religious and regional backgrounds, and working on various issues, succeeded in holding the first Indonesian Women’s Congress. But a century later there were only three organizations that survived, one of them is ‘Aisyiyah. This current paper aims at exploring factors that contribute to the survival of the organization from a perspective of conflict resolution; it investigates what strategies they use to address intra and inter-organizational conflicts, by employing a qualitative analytical approach by way of the case study. The data were collected through interviews and documentation. From studying several cases of organizational conflicts encountered by ‘Aisyiyah at different times it is found that the organization constantly encounters intra and inter-organizational conflicts. It applies various strategies to deal with them in accordance with the situation and necessity. What is pivotal is ‘Aisyiyah’s willingness to explore possibilities to find win-win solutions, such as silence, inaction, negotiation, mediation to conflict transformation, to find islah ways. However, when foundational values are at stake, ‘Aisyiyah would not be reluctant to contend and use the strategy of threat.[Bangsa Indonesia telah menjadi saksi bermunculan dan berjatuhannya organisasi perempuan, baik tingkat nasional maupun lokal. Di tahun 1928 terdapat kurang lebih 30 organisasi perempuan yang terlibat aktif dalam Kongres Perempuan Indonesia pertama. Namun seabad kemudian hanya tersisa tiga organisasi yang bertahan, salah satunya 'Aisyiyah. Dengan pendekatan resolusi konflik, artikel ini menjelaskan faktor dan strategi pendukung untuk bertahan menghadapi ketegangan internal dan eksternal organisasi. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi arsip menunjukkan bahwa 'Aisyiyah dalam beberapa periode yang berbeda telah menghadapi persoalan di dalam dan antar organisasi yang mana membutuhkan strategi yang tepat dalam penyelesaiannya. Terpenting bagi 'Aisyiyah adalah usaha mencari solusi yang sama-sama menguntungkan menuju jalan damai seperti mendiamkan, negosiasi, mediasi hingga transformasi konflik. Namun jika nilai-nilai dasar organisasi menjadi taruhan, 'Aisyiyah tentu tak segan mengambil langkah tegas].","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42924801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Activities and the 212 Movement: The Indonesian Ulema Council’s Perspective","authors":"Iswandi Syahputra","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.323-354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.323-354","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the perspective of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia – MUI) regarding social media activities and the 212 Movement, referring to the Aksi Bela Islam (Action to Defend Islam) in Jakarta. MUI’s perspective is of utmost importance as MUI is seen as playing an important role in triggering the 212 Movement, which was carried out as a protest against the perceived religious blasphemy committed by the Jakarta Special Capital Region Governor at the time, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). MUI’s fatwa on Ahok subsequently led to a disagreement in defending religion or defending the state, and it had been openly and unrestrictedly debated among netizens on social media. Social media activities (chiefly Twitter) relating to this case had positioned MUI’s fatwa in numerous discussions that were littered with various expressions of hatred. This article aims to contribute a novel understanding pertaining to the relations between religion, ulema, fatwa, and social media activities. [Artikel ini membahas perspektif MUI terhadap aktifitas social media yang terkait dengan Aksi Bela Islam 212 di Jakarta. Pembahasan ini penting karena MUI dianggap berperan penting dalam memicu gerakan Aksi Bela Islam, yang merupakan protes terhadap Ahok karena dianggap telah melakukan penodaan agama. Fatwa MUI tersebut berakibat pada ketidaksetujuan dalam membela agama atau membela negara dan secara terbuka dan tidak terbatas memunculkan debat netizen di media sosial (utamanya Twitter), serta menjadi bahan diskusi yang mengarah pada ekspresi kebencian. Artikel ini juga menawarkan sebuah pemahaman baru terkait hubungan antara agama, ulama, fatwa dan aktivitas dalam media sosial.]  ","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Rate of Child Maintenance (Financial Support) from a Shariah Perspective: the Case of Malaysia","authors":"Bahiyah Ahmad, Raihanah Azahari, A. Rahman, Mazni Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.293-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2020.582.293-322","url":null,"abstract":"Shariah mandates the criteria of kifāyah and ma’rūf in assessing maintenance for wives and children; however, these criteria currently require assesment and evaluation as maintenance is mostly influenced by society’s practices and by socioeconomic status. Consequently, Malaysia’s Islamic Family Law (Federal Territory) Act 1984 presribes that the maintenance assesment for wives and children must be based on the means (ma’rūf)  and needs (kifāyah) of the parties. However, this provision is too general and there is no clear explanation of what constitutes these criteria for the parties. This provision has troubled some parties as it leaves the determination of the maintenance rate to a judge’s discretion regarding both criteria. This study, with a methodology of content analysis and in-depth interviews, determines an assessment formula for both criteria in assessing child maintenance.  Hukum Islam mensyaratkan dua kriteria dalam pemberian nafkah istri dan anak yaitu kifāyah dan ma’rūf. Namun kriteria tersebut saat ini perlu ditinjau dan evaluasi lagi sesuai dengan praktik masyarakat serta keadaan social ekonomi saat ini. Seperti yang terdapat dalam hukum perundangan keluarga Islam Malaysia tahun 1984 yang menyatakan bahwa ma’rūf dan kifāyah menjadi syarat utama pemberian nafkah istri dan anak. Bagaimanapun penjelasan kriteria tersebut masih terlalu umum dan kurang jelas. Hal ini juga menyisakan beberapa persoalan akibat keputusan pengadilan yang mendasarkan pada kedua kriteria tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi dan wawancara mendalam, kajian ini menguatkan penilaian kedua kriteria tersebut.","PeriodicalId":42231,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jamiah-Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"293-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72700632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}