Diffusion of Innovation eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Technology Business Incubators (TBIs): A Perspective for the Emerging Economies","authors":"M. Manimala, Devi Vijay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2117720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2117720","url":null,"abstract":"Technology and entrepreneurship are often reckoned to be the twin-horses pulling national economies towards their developmental destinations. Technology based enterprises (TBEs) are specially attractive to policy-makers because of their higher potential for job creation and wealth-generation through business growth as well as their lower disappearance rates compared to non-technology based firms. As new technologies are often developed in R&D institutions, it was such institutions in the Western nations that first took the initiative of providing incubation facilities to transfer these new technologies to the market. The model was later used by public and private agencies for facilitating technology development for new ventures. Such initiatives are now known by the common name of Technology Business Incubators (TBIs), some of which are focused on technology transfer and others on technology development for new ventures. Though TBIs are generally considered to be a major facilitator of TBEs, the experience of their effectiveness has been mixed, especially in the emerging economies’ context. It is against the background of such diversity of experiences that we have undertaken a comprehensive review of the literature on TBI performance. Our findings suggest that, while in the developed countries technology development drives the incubator movement, the process is reversed in developing countries, where the incubator movement is trying to push technology development forward. For this reason the success of TBIs in developing countries would depend largely on the public support available for them.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"47 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133872932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Systematisation and the Development of a Business Function: The Case of Design","authors":"Beatrice D’Ippolito, M. Miozzo, D. Consoli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2094896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2094896","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on evidence on the home furnishing sectors in Italy during the XX century, the aim is to understand the instituted processes that facilitated the translation of design know-how from being project-specific to becoming relevant to broader remits. The paper contributes to the debate on industry evolution by incorporating the institutional dimension to the organisational and technological changes taking place at both firm and industry level.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124457422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Effects of User Learning on Forced Innovation Diffusion","authors":"Zhang Tao, Peer-Olaf Siebers, U. Aickelin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2829224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2829224","url":null,"abstract":"Technology adoption theories assume that users’ acceptance of an innovative technology is on a voluntary basis. However, sometimes users are force to accept an innovation. In this case users have to learn what it is useful for and how to use it. This learning process will enable users to transit from zero knowledge about the innovation to making the best use of it. So far the effects of user learning on technology adoption have received little research attention. In this paper - for the first time - we investigate the effects of user learning on forced innovation adoption by using an agent-based simulation approach using the case of forced smart metering deployments in the city of Leeds.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128795653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and Foreign Technology in Italy, 1861-2011","authors":"Federico Barbiellini Amidei, J. Cantwell, A. Spadavecchia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2233841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2233841","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the long run evolution of Italy's performance in technological innovation as a function of international technology transfer, reconstructing the different phases and dimensions of Italian innovative activity, tracking the transfer of foreign technological knowledge through a number of channels, analysing the impact of imported technology. The study is based on a newly constructed dataset, over the 1861-2009 period, composed of variables related to: innovation activity performance; foreign technology transfer; domestic absorptive and innovative capability. The analysis highlights, also by econometric assessment, the significant contribution of foreign technology both to innovation activity results and to productivity growth. Differences across channels of technology transfer and historical phases emerge, also in connection with the evolution of human capital endowment and domestic innovative capacity. Machinery imports contributed positively both to innovation activity and to productivity growth; inward FDI contributed positively to productivity growth, but not to indigenous innovation activity; the accumulation of technical human capital fuelled both. In the long Italian Golden Age, for the first time the association of foreign technological knowledge with indigenous innovation processes strengthened productivity significantly. More recently instead the dismal productivity growth is negatively associated with formalised innovation activity under-performance and reduced imports of disembodied technology","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125710363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation Spillovers in Industrial Cities","authors":"L. Crispin, S. Saha, Bruce A. Weinberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1728877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1728877","url":null,"abstract":"Older, industrial cities have suffered with the shift from manufacturing to services, but the increased importance of innovation as an economic driver may help industrial cities, which are often rich in the institutions that generate innovation. This paper studies how innovation is related to wages for different types of workers (e.g., more-educated versus less, and younger versus older) and to real estate prices for cities. We also study industrial and occupational employment shares. Our estimates indicate that innovation and aggregate education are associated with greater productivity in cities. They indicate that innovation and aggregate education impact wages less in industrial cities, but that they impact real estate prices more. We also find greater effects of innovation and aggregate education for more-educated and prime-aged workers. We pay particular attention to controlling for causality and adjustments of factor inputs.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123349250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Is out There? Exploring the Effects of Trust and Perceived Risk on SaaS Adoption Intentions","authors":"Tsipi Heart","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2895421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2895421","url":null,"abstract":"Software as a Service (SaaS) is a relatively new organizational application sourcing alternative, offering organizations the option to access applications — via the Internet — that are remotely hosted on offsite servers instead of installing equivalent applications in-house, thus presumably saving costs. Although SaaS has been offered since the late 1990s, so far it has not become a dominant sourcing alternative for organizational core applications, in spite of the fact that most leading IT companies now offer remotely-hosted organization-wide applications. This study conceptualized and empirically tested a model of the effects of the perceived risk of SaaS and trust in the SaaS vendor community on the organizational intention to adopt SaaS at this early stage of the SaaS market. Three novel, risk-related constructs were developed: perceived risk of SaaS, perceived risk of systems unavailability, and perceived risk of data insecurity. Likewise, three new trust-related constructs were also conceived: trust in the SaaS vendor community, perceived capabilities and perceived reputation of the SaaS vendor community. An empirical test of the model demonstrated the negative effect of perceived risk and the positive effects of trust in, and the reputation of, the SaaS vendor community, on the intention to adopt SaaS. Trust in the SaaS vendor community was also found to strongly affect all three risk concepts.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122926572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germs, Social Networks and Growth","authors":"A. Fogli, Laura L. Veldkamp","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1679857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1679857","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Does the pattern of social connections between individuals matter for macroeconomic outcomes? If so, where do differences in these patterns come from and how large are their effects? Using network analysis tools, we explore how different social network structures affect technology diffusion and thereby a country’s rate of growth. The correlation between high-diffusion networks and income is strongly positive. But when we use a model to isolate the effect of a change in social networks on growth, the effect can be positive, negative, or zero. The reason is that networks diffuse both ideas and disease. Low-diffusion networks have evolved in countries where disease is prevalent because limited connectivity protects residents from epidemics. But a low-diffusion network in a low-disease environment compromises the diffusion of good ideas. In general, social networks have evolved to fit their economic and epidemiological environment. Trying to change networks in one country to mimic those in a higher-income country may well be counterproductive.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Evidence on the Determinants of Innovation in the Netherlands: The Relative Importance of Absorptive Capacity and Agglomeration Externalities","authors":"M. Smit, M. Abreu, H. de Groot","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1628543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1628543","url":null,"abstract":"Although the benefits of clustering for innovation have received much attention in the theoretical as well as empirical literature, analyses at the regional level often disregard the characteristics of local firms. We tackle both at the same time: agglomeration externalities (Marshall, Porter, Jacobs) from census microdata, and firm data from the Community Innovation Survey. Importantly, we allow for sectoral heterogeneity of agglomeration forces. We find that the firm characteristics, including those that proxy for ‘absorptive capacity’, have a much stronger relationship with the propensity to innovate than regular agglomeration externalities. The latter are only statistically significant for a few specific sectors, and even then only for some types of innovation. Sorting of innovation‐prone firms into specific locations might therefore be much more important to explain spatial patterns of innovation than agglomeration externalities.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126513345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OTC Emissions Derivatives as Facilitators of Market-Based Climatic Regimes in the Wake of the Financial Meltdown","authors":"Aviad S. Welt","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1933289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1933289","url":null,"abstract":"The underlying premise of international and domestic climatic regulatory regimes that employ cap-and-trade schemes to curb emission levels of greenhouse gases is that a market-based approach is the most cost-effective strategy to achieve a benign environmental system that enables sustainable development. The scarcity in emission allowances under those schemes is designed to impose increasing compliance costs on participating nations and business entities that would gradually facilitate transformations to economic equilibriums with lower intensities of greenhouse gases. However, the participants in these nascent and rapidly evolving “carbon markets” are increasingly exposed to exceptionally high and enduring price volatility of the newly created regulatory-based commodities. Unless such volatility could be hedged efficiently, it would constitute mounting regulatory-related compliance costs that could endanger the economic stability of viable industries. Ultimately, such volatility could project negatively on the cost-effectiveness of market-based regimes in the battle against climate change. The overall regulatory burden could be alleviated, to a degree, by linking the schemes to domestic and international project-based flexibility mechanisms, under which GHG mitigating projects are issued fungible offsets. However, the origination of mitigating projects is also dependent on custom made and long term risk mitigating solutions against regulatory, origination, and operational risks and against price volatility in the carbon markets. Over The Counter derivatives have been the strategy of choice, thus far, to overcome these price volatility-related setbacks and uncertainties. Their continuing utilization and development are essential for a cost-effective and winnable battle against climate change, especially given the increased cost-sensitivity in the current economic climate. However, OTC derivatives face increased skepticism and an uncertain future in the wake of the recent financial meltdown. They are blamed for generating unprecedented systemic risk by amplifying the ramifications of the subprime crisis to full-scale financial meltdown. In addition, they are blamed for facilitating excessive speculation in the energy markets in the midst of the crisis, which slowed down economic recovery. This article delves into a consequent inherent tension. The reliance on the carbon markets to facilitate unprecedented transformation entails the employment of potent risk management for fulfillment of their potential as the most cost-effective strategy for a winnable battle against climate change. However, the recent financial meltdown yielded general mistrust vis-a-vis innovative financial technology. In particular it motivated regulators to prevent reoccurrence of OTC-related financial meltdown and, ironically, to protect the integrity of the nascent carbon markets. This article sheds light on the associated vibrant debate over the future financial and climati","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124083024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refunding ETS-Proceeds to Spur the Diffusion of Renewable Energies: An Analysis Based on the Dynamic Oligopolistic Electricity Market Model Emelie","authors":"T. Traber, C. Kemfert","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1513168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1513168","url":null,"abstract":"We use a quantitative electricity market model to analyze the welfare effects of refunding a share of the emission trading proceeds to support renewable energy technologies that are subject to experience effects. We compare effects of supporting renewable energies under both perfect and oligopolistic competition with competitive fringe firms and emission trading regimes that achieve 70 and 80 percent emission reductions by 2050. The results indicate the importance of market power for renewable energy support policy. Under imperfect competition welfare improvements is maximized by refunding ten percent of the emission trading proceeds, while under perfect competition the optimal refunding share is only five percent. However, under both behavioral assumptions we find significant welfare improvements due to experience effects which are induced by the support for renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133580990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}