Journal of Gender-Based Violence最新文献

{"title":"Feminism, power and politics in policing rape research: time for a paradigm shift","authors":"Sophie Geoghegan-Fittall, Tina Skinner, B. Stanko","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16425827326483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16425827326483","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 40 years, academics, activists and policymakers have attempted to improve police and criminal justice (CJ) responses to rape, yet attrition in rape cases continues to rise (ONS, 2021). Rape attrition studies have increasingly scrutinised the CJ process, initially in smaller scale, local research (for example, Lees and Gregory, 1993) and more recently through national analysis of the CJ outcomes of police reported cases (for example, ONS, 2021). While this has greatly enhanced understanding of why cases may drop out, the focus has increasingly been on explaining attrition in the hope of improving CJ outcomes, rather than victim-survivors’ voices and what they want from the process. Similarly, to explore attrition at the police stage, surveys have been undertaken with officers to understand their attitudes, including rape myth acceptance (for example, Sleath and Bull, 2012); again, with a focus on improving substantive CJ outcomes. In this article we call for researchers, activists and policymakers to pause and reflect upon the political and ideological reasons behind a focus on particular research questions using particular methodologies; and whether there is a need for more victim-survivor centred, indeed person-centred, research and practice where the focus is more on procedural justice rather than substantive justice.Key messagesAnalysis of case files has indicated where rape and sexual assault cases drop out of the criminal justice system from reporting through to potential conviction, with most cases dropping out at the police phase (for example, Hester, 2013).Surveys explore rape myth acceptance among police officers’ (for example, Sleath and Bull, 2012).While some of these studies are mixed methods (for example, Kelly et al, 2005; Hester, 2013), the majority are quantitative and focused on substantive justice outcomes.What gains less attention in policing rape research is whether victim-survivors gain procedural justice within the criminal justice process, including fairness of treatment and attention to wellbeing.The impacts of being a police officer working with rape cases, in terms of burnout and staff welfare, has started to gain some attention (Foley and Massey, 2020) and potential impacts of this on the victim-survivor is starting to be evidenced (Anglioni, 2015).What is needed is to rethink what the CJS should be focused on and what research should be focused on: to move from a focus on substantive justice outcomes to procedural justice and person-centred practice.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We have tried to remain warm despite the rules.’ Domestic violence and COVID-19: implications for shelters’ policies and practices","authors":"Simon Lapierre, Alex Vincent, M. Brunet, Michèle Frenette, Isabelle Côté","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16432014139971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16432014139971","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents findings from a study that investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence shelters’ policies and practices. This study was conducted in partnership with feminist organisations in two regions in the Quebec, Canada. Qualitative data were collected from nine domestic violence shelters, using a web-based questionnaire. Thematic content analysis was conducted using NVivo. The research findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for shelters, as they have had to ensure women’s and children’s safety while preventing the spread of the virus. In this context, they have had to adapt their services and practices, and it has sometimes been difficult to maintain their feminist approach. Nonetheless, shelters have been creative and have developed multiple strategies to overcome these challenges and to ensure women’s and children’s access to services. The research findings contribute to our understanding of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight the essential role that these organisations have played to ensure women’s and children’s safety at a time when they have been particularly vulnerable.Key messagesThe COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for shelters, as they have had to ensure women’s and children’s safety while preventing the spread of the virus.In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, shelters have had to adapt their services and practices, and it has been difficult to maintain their feminist approach.Shelters have been creative and have developed multiple strategies to ensure women’s and children’s access to services during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of safety and experiences of gender-based violence at UK music festivals","authors":"Hannah Bows, H. King, F. Measham","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16439111624553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16439111624553","url":null,"abstract":"Crime and safety at UK music festivals is a subject of growing concern for festival management, police and festival-goers, bolstered by increasing media coverage of incidents of sexual harassment and sexual assault. To date, however, there has been limited evidence regarding festival-goers’ experiences and perspectives concerning safety, particularly in relation to gender-based violence at music festivals. Using data from a mixed methods pilot study, this article presents the findings of a self-selecting survey of 450 festival-goers which asked respondents about their perceptions of safety and experiences of different crime and harms including gender-based violence at UK music festivals. The findings reveal that most respondents report feeling safe at festivals, but various personal, social and environmental factors may increase or reduce these feelings of safety, and these are gendered. Similarly, although experiences of acquisitive crime, hate crime and stalking were low and broadly similar for women and men, a third of women experienced sexual harassment and 8% experienced sexual assault – significantly higher than the reported levels among male respondents. We argue that festivals must work proactively with key stakeholders and agencies, as well as artists and patrons, to develop clear policies and initiatives to prevent sexual violence.Key messagesThe first UK survey of festival-goers’ perceptions of safety shows that most report feeling safe but are dependent on different social, personal and environmental factors.Experiences of safety and crime are gendered and women in our study were significantly more likely to experience sexual harassment and sexual assault than men.Festivals must work with key stakeholders to take greater action to prevent sexual violence.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘How can you capture what is hidden?’ Police body-worn cameras and coercive control","authors":"C. Barlow","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16436467287647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16436467287647","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2015, the criminal offence of coercive control was introduced in England and Wales. Occurring at a similar time was the increased widespread usage of police body-worn cameras (BWCs) in domestic abuse cases, with many UK based police forces and international jurisdictions, such as Australia and the US, encouraging their mandatory usage. Using empirical data gathered in one police force area in the south of England, this article examines the extent to which coercive control is able to be captured by BWCs, exploring police officer and victim/survivor perceptions and experiences. The findings highlight concerns with the extent to which BWCs are able to capture the hidden nature of coercive control and the ways in which the footage could have unintended consequences for victim/survivors, particularly minoritised women.Key messagesBWCs are able to capture what is ‘visible’, however, coercive control is mostly ‘invisible’.Police officers viewed BWC footage as a way of ‘covering their backs’ in domestic abuse cases, particularly when victim/survivors did not want to pursue a prosecution. This leads to questions as to whose interests are being served by the increased mandatory usage of BWCs in domestic abuse cases.Victim/survivors voiced concerns with how women are able to represent themselves on camera in coercive control cases, often leading to unintended consequences for those women who do not present as ‘ideal victims’.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-based violence and its determinants during the COVID-19 lockdown in a low-income country: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"J. B. Forry, J. Kirabira, Benedict Akimana, Madrine Nakawuki, N. Gumisiriza, R. Ssebuufu, S. Ashaba","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16460622083652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16460622083652","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent global pandemic associated with multidimensional health-related effects. In the fight against the spread of this novel pandemic, the majority have been living under restrictive conditions during its related lockdown that has created a conducive environment for gender-based violence (GBV). Our study aimed to ascertain the burden and determinants of GBV during the COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown and curfew (CPLC) in Uganda.Methods: We conducted a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study in Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality, southwestern Uganda in May, 2020. This study involved 339 adult participants regardless of their gender or ethnicity. Only 12 potential respondents declined to participate in this survey.Results: The prevalence of GBV during the CPLC was 42 per cent. The majority (57%) of victims were women. More than half (54%) of the victims and survivors of GBV attributed the violence to the lockdown. The determinants of GBV included being married, using substances of abuse and having financial problems.Conclusion: The prevalence of GBV skyrocketed during the CPLC in Uganda when compared to the period prior to the pandemic. Women were significantly more affected in all aspects of GBV. Therefore, we recommend developing targeted behavioural change communication strategies based upon our findings.Key messagesThe main strength of this study was the fact that it was the first of its kind to be conducted in a low-income country under the unique circumstances that is, the CPLC.The other strength of this study was the comprehensiveness of its research subject that is, GBV, an ongoing pandemic since time immemorial, is rarely a focus of most studies in this particular field with the majority of these studies usually focusing on intimate partner violence which is just one type of GBV.Generally, GBV is a sensitive topic in most cultures and societies where the majority of people aren’t willing to talk about it which creates an atmosphere of stigma and the associated discrimination that could have also resulted from GBV being viewed as a sensitive and taboo topic by these participants.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on reporting of rape, serious sexual offences, and domestic abuse in one English police force","authors":"R. Spence, M. Horvath, Charlotte T. Dalton, Kari Davies","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16425806897258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16425806897258","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic reports of rapes and serious sexual offences to the authorities have declined while calls to domestic violence helplines have soared. This article focuses on the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on reporting to the police in cases of rape, serious sexual offences and domestic abuse in one police force in England. Data from the force’s crime reporting system was provided from 2018 to 2021, including over 10,000 reports of rapes and serious sexual offences and over 5,000 reports of domestic abuse. An Interrupted Time Series analysis was used to evaluate the impact of lockdown on reporting rates, with segmented regression to measure the changes in reporting before and after the start of the pandemic in March 2020. This article is the first of its kind to explore the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and domestic violence at more than an aggregate level, demonstrating how COVID-19 has had a variable impact on different groups of victims, and how stay at home orders specifically have impacted on reporting rates. These data provide novel and valuable insights into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reporting of sexual violence and domestic abuse.Key messagesRape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) reporting significantly decreased and reports of DA offences significantly increased during the pandemic, with periods of lockdown significantly exacerbating these trends.Sexual offences against children aged 13–15 and against strangers significantly decreased during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partner’s violence during the COVID-19 lockdown and women’s fear: a study involving anti-violence centres in Italy","authors":"P. Romito, L. Marchand-martin, Martina Pellegrini, M. Saurel-Cubizolles","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16425822014024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16425822014024","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how women’s fear is related to violence by a partner during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Data come from a sample of 238 women, attending five anti-violence centres in June–September 2020, 44 per cent were cohabiting and 56 per cent not cohabiting with the perpetrator. A questionnaire administered by the advocates allowed us to collect information about several types of violence and their evolution during the lockdown, the feeling of fear, the impossibility of going out alone and help-seeking strategies.Most of these women lived with the fear of their aggressor, more often if they cohabited with him, 76 per cent instead of 57 per cent if not. Despite this high prevalence, the main determinants of not going out alone or help-seeking were the intensity of violence and its increase during the lockdown more than the women’s fear, even if the cohabitation status is considered.Fear strongly impairs the quality of daily life. In the context of this pandemic, it was an addition to the various damages exerted by the violence, coupled for some women with difficult social conditions. Professionals working with these women should consider fear but keep in mind that the factor to suppress is the violence.Key messagesMost of the women victims of partner violence are living with the fear of the perpetrator, more often if they cohabit with him.Professionals working with these women should consider fear but keep in mind that the factor to suppress is the violence.","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66316780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond intimate partner relationships: utilising domestic homicide reviews to prevent adult family domestic homicide","authors":"K. Bracewell, Cassandra Jones, Alina Haines-Delmont, Elaine Craig, J. Duxbury, K. Chantler","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16316184865237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16316184865237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing evidence documents domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and domestic homicide of adults killed by a relative in non-intimate partner relationships. Most literature focuses on intimate partner violence and homicide, yet non-intimate partner homicides form a substantial but neglected minority of domestic homicides. This article addresses this gap by presenting an analysis from 66 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales where the victim and perpetrator were related, such as parent and adult child. Intimate partner homicides are excluded. These 66 DHRs were a sub-sample drawn from a larger study examining 317 DHRs in England and Wales.The article contributes towards greater understanding of the prevalence, context and characteristics of adult family homicide (AFH). Analysis revealed five interlinked precursors to AFH: mental health and substance/alcohol misuse, criminal history, childhood trauma, economic factors and care dynamics. Findings indicate that, given their contact with both victims and perpetrators, criminal justice agencies, adult social care and health agencies, particularly mental health services, are ideally placed to identify important risk and contextual factors. Understanding of DVA needs to extend to include adult family violence. Risk assessments need to be cognisant of the complex dynamics of AFH and must consider social-structural and relational-contextual factors.Key messagesUnderstanding of domestic violence and abuse needs to include adult family violence.Risks and dynamics of adult family homicide are complex and must consider social-structural and relational-contextual factors.Criminal justice agencies, social care, substance misuse and mental health services provide opportunities for prevention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48948803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coercive control and technology-facilitated parental stalking in children’s and young people’s lives","authors":"Anna Nikupeteri, E. Katz, M. Laitinen","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16285243258834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16285243258834","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge of technology-facilitated abuse and stalking has increased in recent decades, but research on how children and young people are exposed to these behaviours by their parent is still lacking. This article examines how technology-facilitated parental stalking manifests in children’s and young people’s everyday lives in contexts where parents have separated and fathers/father-figures have stalked mothers as part of post-separation coercive control. The article analyses materials from 131 stalking cases dealt with by district courts in Finland from 2014 to 2017 in cases that involved a relationship (dating, cohabitation or marriage), separation/divorce, and one or more children. Analysis of these court decisions identified that children and young people were exposed to three manifestations of technology-facilitated parental stalking: (1) Threats of violence and death; (2) Intrusive and obsessive fatherhood; and (3) Disparaging and insulting motherhood/womanhood. These findings underline the following contextual factors that are important for professionals to consider in identifying and helping children and young people exposed to parental stalking: technology enabling constant coercive and controlling abuse, technology in maintaining abusive parenthood, and technology in magnifying gendered tactics of abuse. The article argues that children’s exposure to and vulnerability to technology-facilitated parental stalking must be more widely recognised.Key messagesChildren in cases of technology-facilitated parental stalking should be seen as victims/survivors in their own right.The potential for technology-facilitated parental stalking and abuse against children and mothers should be considered in all cases of previous domestic violence/coercive control and parental separation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41700638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic personal safety applications: empowering victims of domestic violence and abuse? A practitioner lens","authors":"Di Turgoose, R. McKie","doi":"10.1332/239868021x16254814390107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021x16254814390107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bespoke and generic domestic violence and abuse (DVA) personal safety applications (PSAs) have become a popular choice for strategic crime prevention projects by those in the criminal justice sector to achieve justice through digital means as part of the wider digital justice project. These PSAs have been heralded as tools for the protection, empowerment and resilience building of victims in DVA, despite limited independent evaluations. This article explores the use of a generic PSA, which the police have adopted for rollout to victims of DVA in one region of the United Kingdom. We undertook a thematic analysis of data taken from a roundtable and three follow up focus groups with practitioners from the police, criminal justice, DVA specialist sector and victim services, alongside the PSA development team. We found both some support for using this PSA and serious concerns regarding its use in DVA situations.Key messagesThere are limits to the use of generic personal safety applications in domestic violence and abuse support including, risks of entrapment through technological affiliated abuse, reinforcing victim stereotypes, and being financially inaccessible to victims of domestic violence and abuse.Independent evaluations are integral to avoid organisational responses where generic personal safety applications may be ineffectual, or escalate danger by failing to facilitate victim safety.\u0000","PeriodicalId":42166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gender-Based Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}