Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Vulnerability of Nyabarongo River Water Abstraction to Climate Change in Rwanda","authors":"Prosper Manikuze Dr. Maina John Nyongesah","doi":"10.47310/IARJET.2021.V02I04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47310/IARJET.2021.V02I04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Climate change in Rwanda is a great challenge resulting from increased temperature and causing abnormal variability in weather variables and threatening the socio-economic welfare of human beings. Water resources have been subjected to degradation and pollution due to intensive and frequent rainfall that have negatively impact on water abstractions in their proximity. This study aimed at analyzing the vulnerability of the Nyabarongo river water abstraction to climate change. \u0000Methodology: GIS and remote sensing were used to map and analyze possible changes in geophysical status of the river. Secondary data collection on temperature and rainfall for a forty years period was used to analyze the trend in climate change in Rwanda. \u0000Findings: The results indicated that climate change in Rwanda has resulted in extreme weather events that resulted in inundations and floods of Nyabarongo River and its wetland that exacerbated the changes in geophysical status such as river flow pathway and meandering. This has resulted in washing away of some water abstraction facilities around the river and the distancing from such facilities leading to interference with abstraction. It was also found out that dry season’s markedly diminished water available for abstraction in the river and impacting negatively on the groundwater recharge. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings can stimulate decision makers in water resources management to initiate and roll out similar studies countrywide and serve as baseline to adopt measures and strategies for the sustainable management of the resources. The findings also call for Water users to take into consideration of climate impacts during the studies, designs and implementation of water use project for the sustainable exploitation of water resources.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flash flood hazard prediction of Shalatin City, Red Sea Coast, Egypt utilizing HEC-RAS model","authors":"MS Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.209732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.209732","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of flood hazards, Shalatin is the least studied of the six major coastal cities in Egypt's Red Sea Governorate. The current study intends to determine the extent to which Shalatin city is exposed to flood hazard in an attempt to address this research gap. Urban flood modeling proved to be the most effective method. All the layers required for modeling were created in ArcGIS software at the greatest possible resolution using remote sensing products and data obtained during the field investigation. Three potential flood events were modeled as one-dimensional unsteady flow using the most recent version (6.0) of the HECRAS programme. To quantify the extent of flooding and water depth, as well as the water velocity and flood hazard, three types of maps were created. In comparison to other cities along Egypt's Red Sea coast, the data reveal that Shalatin appears to be less prone to floods. To safeguard the most susceptible areas, two earthen dykes, each around 2000 metres long, are recommended. The current study is the first to tackle the simulation of an Egyptian city's urban flood at a resolution of up to a single building.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83882961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIO-PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED QUARRIES IN TEZO WARD-KILIFI COUNTY","authors":"Agnes Kasyoka Wambua, J. Chege, Amos Mujema Ngira","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Using a Systems’ Approach, this study explores what aspects are essential for stone quarries to adopt a functional environmental management plan and whether compliance with environmental laws enhances business performance. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the bio-physical effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward and to evaluate the socio-economic effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey design; the research data collection instrument was questionnaires. The study adopted purposive sampling; a survey of 134 respondents representing 80 quarry workers, 40 quarry owners, 10 EIA Experts, 3 NEMA staff and 1 County geologist were sampled purposively. Weighted and the Consolidated Scores were entered on Microsoft Excel for cleaning and later transferred to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) for statistical analyses. Data was presented inform of graphs, pie-charts, tables and narration in the thematic areas. \u0000Findings: The study found out that there were health and ecological problems associated with quarrying. The application of heavy quarrying machines resulted to soil erosion, destruction of flora and threatens biodiversity aesthetic. The study revealed that quarrying was a source for livelihood among the community and more men (90%) were involved in quarrying due to masculinity nature of the task. EMPs were found to be significant in management of quarries. The development of EMPs and EIA was influenced by different actors and informal sector was a significant influencer of EMPs implementation. The study concluded that EMPs were effective in management of quarries despite varied challenges facing the NEMA official and the EIA experts. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends the need for transparency in the EIA as well as in the development of EMPs, to avoid discrimination and non-adherence. Further research is needed to understand the perception of community members on the effectiveness of EMPs in sustainable management of quarries and environment in general.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterisation of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and evaluation of its antifungal activity on the apple scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis L)","authors":"Fouzia Benaliouche, H. Sbartai, M. Meraghni, hakim Hadj moussa, I. Sbartai","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.204219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.204219","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) extracted from the aerial part of Thymus vulgaris L. and to evaluate its antifungal activity against the apple scab pathogen ( Venturia ineaqualis L). Chemical analysis of this EO revealed the presence of 30 compounds which represent for approximately 99.07 % of the total component. Linalool, is the most abundant constituent (36.41%), followed by Terpinen-4-ol (10.51%) and β-myrcene (7.5%). Other constituents were identified in varying amounts include para-Cymene (6.6 %); γ-Terpinene (6.11 %), and Carvacrol (0.75 %), with entirely absent of thymol compound. The evaluation of antifungal activity of thyme EO on the growth of Venturia ineaqualis mycelium was marked by a decrease in number of fungal filaments in the colony which was significantly influenced by increasing the doses. The EO concentration that had the minimal inhibitory effect was 300l/ml. Thymus vulgaris EO had a complete inhibitory effect on fungal growth at a dose of 600 l/ml, where no growth was observed. Despite the absence of thymol and the relatively low content of carvacrol, both of which are known to be highly toxic, thyme EO from the Seraidi region was very effective and revealed a very powerful activity against V . ineaqualis, which is likely due to the presence of high levels of monoterpenes (36.96%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (55.51%) associated with other synergistic components.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75210501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals availability in sediments and their accumulation in two edible bivalves at Suez Bay, Egypt","authors":"R. Nasr, F. Soliman, Saad Z. Mohamed, M. Dar, A. Belal, A. Hassan","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.209510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.209510","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment samples were collected from 23 stations in the inshore and offshore zones of Suez Bay, Egypt, along with two edible bivalve species, Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga. The grain size analyses revealed that the Suez Bay seafloor sediments were mostly made up of sand, with minor constituents of gravel and mud. The bioavailable forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were estimated by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer on the bulk sediment and the finest fractions Ø3, Ø4 and Ø5 samples (AAS). At both the inshore and offshore stations, Fe and Mn had the highest concentrations in sediment, while Ni had the lowest. In budding plants, Pb and Cd were insignificant in bulk sediments in spite of their abundance in the finest fractions. For evaluating heavy metals accumulation in their soft tissue, about 30 individuals of Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga (commonly known as the Venus Clam) were chosen. Except for Pb and Cd in Callista sp., all metal concentrations in soft tissues of the two bivalve species were lower than the allowed limits. The bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was calculated to assess bivalves' ability to bioaccumulate metals in their soft tissues. The data revealed that all of the analysed metals in the collected bivalve species had BSAF values less than unity (<1.0 μg/g wet weight), with the exception of Cd, which had the highest BSAF value in Callista sp (2.13 μg/g wet weight).","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging rhythm of honeybees Apis mellifera in Ismailia, Egypt","authors":"Reem M. Abdel-Galel, S. Elbanna, F. Semida","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.196712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.196712","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the human food resources depend on honeybees; they are the most efficient pollinators that contribute to our ecosystem stability, biodiversity and crop productivity. Honeybees’ foraging behavior is affected by many environmental factors. Daytime, ambient temperature and food availability (nectar and pollen) are the most influencing factors on foraging behavior. Many ecological studies were done to study this behavior, in addition to its seasonal and monthly abundance. In this study, honeybees’ foraging activities, as well as their seasonal and monthly abundance were studied and evaluated. The study was run during the period of 12/2017-11/2018. All beekeeping managements were provided to retain the colony in good condition during the period of the experiment. The obtained results revealed that honeybees have a bimodal daily foraging activity pattern with morning and afternoon peaks. The daily activity pattern of honeybees showed a significant correlation with the measured temperature. Meanwhile, the seasonal abundance of forager bees changed significantly among different seasons with the highest abundance peak during spring. Results also suggest that the honeybees’ activity had a microclimatic window of opportunity for ambient temperatures within which foraging flight can be continued, where their forage temperature was fallen within the range of 20°C to 28°C.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80667254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Pluchea dioscoridis plant community types in relation to the combined effect of soil and climate","authors":"R. Shahda, M. El-Bana, Mona El Bous, M. Zaghloul","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.204488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.204488","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the factors affecting plants distribution is important for designing a sound management under both current and expected climate change. The present study aims to assess the distribution of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and the main environmental factors affecting it along a gradient of aridity. Twenty-two stands distributed latitudinal were surveyed where vegetation was investigated and soil samples were collected and analyzed. A significant difference between soil characteristics at the studied stands was detected. Sixty-two species (34 perennials and 28 annuals) belong to thirty-one families were identified with Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae as the most represented families. Therophytes followed by Chamaephytes are the highest recorded life forms. The highest represented chorotype elements are the Mediterranean (37.3%) followed by Saharo-Sindian (35.6%). TWINSPAN analysis identified three vegetation assemblages. Each one is connected with at least one main climate region and associated species. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that water content, chlorides, NaCl, potassium, sodium, calcium, clay and organic matter are the most effective edaphic factors, while precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, temperature, minimum and maximum temperature are the most effective climatic factors on P. dioscoridis distribution. In conclusion, the results revealed that P. dioscoridis able to survive under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. Its distribution is mainly affected positively by water-related and negatively by salinity factors. So, it is expected that distribtution of P. dioscoridis would be affected by any increase in aridity under the anticipated climate change.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84755823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and physiological responses of maize inbreds and their related hybrids under sufficient and deficient soil nitrogen","authors":"F. Ibraheem, Eman M. El-Ghareeb","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2020.122753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2020.122753","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of sufficient and deficient soil N on the growth and physiology performance of maize inbreds (B73, Mo17, Sids7 and Sids63) and hybrids (B73 × Mo17 and Sids7 × Sids63) were simultaneously monitored. This was done at rapid growth phase to have better understanding of the inbred/hybrid growth and physiological relationships. B73 and Sids7 maintained superior growth over Mo17 and Sids63. Their superiority was associated with larger leaf area, lower SLA, high levels of photosynthetic pigment, sucrose, ammonia-N, amino-N, total N and NUE under both N treatments. Hybrids surpassed their parental inbreds in growth and leaf features under the same N rates. Sids7 × Sid63 had higher biomass and faster growth rate than B73 × Mo17 and its superiority was associated with higher leaf area, smaller SLA and greater leaf N. N limitation reduced growth and physiological components in all genotypes, although at significantly different magnitudes. In contrast, limited N induced different levels of starch accumulation in all genotypes indicating variable degrees of disruption of source-sink relationships. The improved growth of B73, Sids7 and the hybrids under sufficient and limited N supply is shaped by a combination of larger leaf area, smaller SLA, higher leaf N, efficient resource utilization, and maintaining proper source-sink relations.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79278749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Three Commonly Used Pharmaceutical products on Biochemical parameters of the Micro-alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Under Laboratory Conditions)","authors":"Jelan Mofeed","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2020.28662.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2020.28662.1054","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the great importance of pharmaceutical products in our daily life, they have negative effects on the environment; where it may threatens many non-target organisms. The present study provides an integrated framework of contribution to understanding the toxicity of three commonly used pharmaceutical products (amoxicillin, naproxen and tramadol) on the micro-green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The impact of pharmaceutical pollution on aquatic organisms can be evaluated by assessing its physiological response. The alga was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (LC10, LC25 and LC50) of each tested pharmaceutical to determine its impact on growth behavior, pigments, total lipids, protein and carbohydrate contents. The obtained results clarified that, exposure to the pharmaceuticals by their sub-lethal concentrations mostly resulted in a decrease in cell density up to 66.25% by amoxicillin and 37.24% by tramadol within LC50, although exposure to low naproxen concentration promoted cell density (up to 21.7%) after 24h. Amoxicillin (67.74 97.44%) followed by tramadol (59.6793.55%) significantly reduced the content of the pigment after 96h but in a different manner, however except within LC50, naproxen induced both carotenoids (4.5511.61%) and chlorophyll-a (1.54 9.23%) during the first 24h. The tested pharmaceuticals also reducing protein, carbohydrates and total lipid content of P.subcapitata at the end of the experiment by ratios up to 96.7, 86.2 and 74.9% respectively. Due to the dramatic effects of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic non-target organisms all new pharmaceutical products must undergo an environmental risk assessment test during and after the development of the product to obtain marketing approval.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80111340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of five Heliotropium species in phenotypic correlations, biochemical constituents and antioxidant properties","authors":"D. Radwan, A. El-Shabasy","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2020.19477.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2020.19477.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:  This study aims to compare five species of Heliotropium collected from Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This comparison was carried out on basis of morphology, pigments content, proteins, total phenolics, flavonoids as well as their antioxidant activity. According to similarity matrix and cluster analysis, H. longiflorum and H. zeylanicum were closely related while H. pterocarpum and H. zeylanicum were distantly related species. The variation in pigments content of the five studied species of Heliotropium was obvious. H. zeylanicum recorded the highest content of pigments while H. bacciferum was the lowest. Moreover, H. jizanense and H. pterocarpum had almost similar pigments content. Proteins, phenolics and flavonoids showed noticeable variation among the tested species. In other words, H. zeylanicum and H. bacciferum had the highest contents of proteins, phenolics and flavonoids and H. jizanense had lowest and the difference was significant. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant activity was variable among species. Higher antioxidant activity was detected in H. zeylanicum (93%) and H. bacciferum (84%) while H. pterocarpum (34.5%).","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}