Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Steam reforming of methane over nickel catalyst using a one-dimensional model","authors":"R. Rakhi, Vivien Günther, J. Richter, F. Mauss","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1520","url":null,"abstract":"Steam reforming of hydrocarbons is a well established chemical process which provides synthesis gas (H2 and CO). These synthesis products can hence be converted to numerous valuable basic chemicals. For the industrial application of steam reforming, a detailed understanding of the process is a prerequisite. Models that capture the detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics and the comprehensive transport processes as well as their interaction have the potential to optimize the catalytic process without expensive experimental campaigns. \u0000In this paper, a detailed investigation has been done using a multi-step reaction mechanism for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalyst using a one-dimensional (1D) model, LOGEcat [1]. The model is applicable to the simulation of all standard after-treatment catalytic processes of combustion exhaust gas along with other chemical processes involving heterogeneous catalysis, such as, the Sabatier process [27]. It is a 1D tool, thus is computationally cost effective and is based on a series of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR). \u0000The model is used to perform the simulations for various reactor conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, flow rates and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Several chemical reaction terms, such as, selectivity, yield, conversion, and mole fraction have been shown with respect to the varied parameters and the results are compared with 2D simulations and experimental reference data. We report a very good agreement of the various profiles produced with 1D model as compared to the reference data. \u0000Note that the main aim of this study is to check how far the 1D model can capture the basic chemistry for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalysts. It is interesting to note that the cost effective reduced order model is capable to capture the physics and chemistry involved with a multi-step reaction mechanism showing the predictive capability of the model. This study forms the basis for further analysis towards the thermochemistry of the species to develop a kinetically consistent reaction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: EFFECT ON PEDESTRIANS WHILE WALKING IN URBAN STREET","authors":"Adepoju Olusegun Onifade, Babatunde Folasayo, Abimbola Babatunde","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1436","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:  The reason for this study is because of observed difference in environmental condition in Lagos metropolis.  The change is witnessed in environmental change arising from air, water and noise pollution mostly from increasing vehicle emissions in the State. This study has been conducted to analyze the environmental effects of pollution on pedestrians. Specific objectives are determine the air quality of the city at most populate headquarters of each of the 20 Local Government Areas of Lagos State, to examine the impact of pollution (air, water and noise) on pedestrians and assess various measures for reducing environmental pollution in the State. \u0000Methodology: The use of Thermo scientific MIE pDR-1500 instrument was used to measure air quality index of the selected locations and survey was carried out with well-structured questionnaire to elicit information with the aid of incidental sampling technique on impact of pollution on pedestrians from 177 respondents. \u0000Findings: Air Quality Index was shown with histogram chart where six out of 20 Local Government Areas are above the acceptable standard of pollution. There is rising cases of pollution in the State and very few Local governments were within acceptable range. One –Sample T-test showed that air pollution is majorly affecting pedestrians with t-value of 22.226 followed by noise with 19.643 and water with 5.529 respectively. \u0000Conclusion and recommendations: The research concluded that, there is need to control the rising cases of pollution in the state and policies to tame air and noise pollution in the state should be adopted. Emission control strategies to be adopted with the existing ones can be in form of restricting hours of movement of vehicles to late at night to avoid human pollutant contact, encourage tree planting and rapid evacuation of environmental waste.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81025639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ENVIRONMENT AND COLONIALISM IN JAMAICA KINCAID’S LUCY AND MY GARDEN (BOOK)","authors":"Anjeh Wase","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1442","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper sets out to show how Jamaica Kincaid, in her celebrated works, Lucy and My Garden (Book), intrinsically links the degradation of the environment to colonialism through memory even though most critics posit that men/women should preserve their environment. \u0000Purpose: To the protagonists, the environment brings back memory of subjugation and oppression that undermine man-nature relationship in Kincaid’s selected works. \u0000Methodology: Qualitative research was used to write this paper since it involves textual analysis. Information of this research paper was gathered from the primary sources (Lucy and My Garden (Book) and secondary sources. Post colonialism and ecocriticism were deemed suitable theories on which this research paper could be hitched, in order to show how the environment is related to colonialism. The paper stresses on Kincaid’s protagonists’ hostility to the environment. In fact, whenever they see elements of the environment, they reflect on colonial trauma. \u0000Findings: The traumatic feeling from the characters under study stifles their relationship with the environment despite the fact that environmentalists and ecofeminists advocate for a close relationship with nature and its preservation in order to combat the current environmental crisis. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This research, just like most environmentalists and ecofeminists will make people to understand that the natural environment is very vital to man and its preservation is a main concern for human beings. It will as well deepen discussion in the field of postcolonialism and ecocriticism. Readers of this article will help sensitize leaders of the world to stop colonialism so that the environment can be saved because traumatic memories are detrimental to the preservation of nature. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79551441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island over Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area, Egypt utilizing ENVI-met model","authors":"MS Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.214538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.214538","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of urban heat islands (UHI) over cities is the main challenge to the urban environmental sustainability worldwide. To mitigate UHI effects, passive cooling using cool materials and/or greening is thought to be the most effective strategy. As urban greening is relatively nascent in the urban literature, a multitude of research gaps are still to be filled, especially for the cities belonging to the hot arid belt. The present study aims to explore to what extent are three greening strategies (façade greening, roofs greening and urban parks) feasible in UHI mitigation using case study in Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area (GCMA). This task is best achieved through modeling, using the micro-scale numerical model ENVI-met, to simulate the probable outdoor cooling effects of greening for a hot summer day. The results, for this specific case, show that both façade and roof greening would yield up to 0.5C average reduction of air temperature compared with the actual case, while the cooling effects of the hypothetical pocket parks may be as high as 7C during day time till 15.00 PM, and after that parks would exhibit heat island properties. The study findings may assist in better planning of urban green spaces to increase their cooling potentialities.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73847468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of an Egyptian isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum virus","authors":"M. Khalifa","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.220465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.220465","url":null,"abstract":"The number and diversity of reported mycoviruses have significantly increased with the utilization of next generation sequencing technologies. In the present study, an Egyptian isolate of a known mycovirus was identified in Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Damietta governorate, Egypt. The genome of the identified mycovirus is divided into four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, three of which were completely sequenced and analyzed (dsRNA1; 3562 nts, dsRNA2; 3198 nts and dsRNA4; 2902 nts). The nucleotide sequence of the fourth segment (dsRNA3) has been partially identified. DsRNAs 1 and 2 encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP), respectively. The mycovirus of the current study was identified as an isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV) based on the high RdRp identity (99.37%) in BLASTX searches. The identified dsRNAs have conserved untranslated regions (UTRs) that were identical to those observed in other chrysoviruses. According to the phylogenetic study, PcV belongs to family Chrysoviridae genus Alphachrysovirus.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86247258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of some antimicrobial drugs on the fitness of honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)","authors":"Alshaimaa Alshafy, E. Zidan, Mohamed H. Rezk, W.S. Meshrif","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.100375.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.100375.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial drugs are used by beekeepers to control bacterial and microsporidian infections. This raises concerns among individuals all over the world. The current work aims to determine the residue concentrations of three commonly used antibiotics (tylosin, sodium sulfademedin, and septazol) used to control honeybee infections, as well as to investigate the effects of antibiotics on bee biology. Honey was collected 42 days (2 generations of the worker development) posttreatment for HPLC analysis; honeybee activities (brood-rearing and pollen areas) were evaluated at 5 intervals every 12 days (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 days) post-treatment. Hygienic behavior and metabolic reserves (body proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) were assessed at two intervals (0and 42-day) post-treatment. Results showed that residues of antimicrobial drugs in honey samples were significantly higher than those in the controls. Results indicated that no negative effect was observed on the brood rearing and pollen gathering as well as hygienic behavior of honeybee workers due to the doses of the antibiotics. Meanwhile, the colonies treated with tylosin showed lower hygienic behavior than the control at 0-day. The time progress did not affect the broodrearing area in all tested conditions. The metabolic reserves showed non-significant differences post-treatment compared with the controls. However, the body proteins and lipids exhibited lower contents at 42 days compared to those at 0-day. This study found a significant contamination risk for bee products as a result of inadequate apiculture techniques, as well as a possible risk to honeybees.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"51 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silymarin accumulation in Silybum marianum suspension culture via precursor feeding","authors":"S. Hassanen, M. Diab, G. Hegazi, Gamil Rayan Abou El-Dis","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.94562.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.94562.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Silymarin and phenolic compounds have great pharmaceutical applications, particularly as hepatoprotective agents. Silymarin content in Silybum marianum wild populations is low with significant differences between the individuals and the areas of these populations decreased due to the increasing interest in the plant. Therefore, cell suspension culture technique is an alternative and sustainable procedure for the bioproduction and conservation of the plant. The aim of the present study was the production of silymarin and certain phenolic compounds from S. marianum cell suspension cultures by the supplementation of the precursor amino acid; L-phenylalanine. Seeds were collected from wild plants at Alexandria desert road and germinated in vitro. Seedlings root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.55 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 4.44 μM 6-benzyladenine for the induction and proliferation of callus. Cell suspension cultures were established in the same medium supplemented with Lphenylalanine at different concentrations (302.68, 605.36 and 908.05 μM). L-Phenylalanine elevated the cells biomass and the accumulation of silymarin and some phenolic compounds. The significantly highest silymarin accumulation reached 66.33% increase compared to the control. This study highlights the potential of L-phenylalanine for the in vitro production of silymarin-rich extracts and protecting the environment by preventing the overcollection of the plant.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76522837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical survey among the Nubian and south eastern tribes of Egypt","authors":"A. Soliman, Rim S. Hamdy, Fatma A. Hamada","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.210363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.210363","url":null,"abstract":"This survey was undertaken on four tribes (Ababda, Bisharia, Nubian, and Rashayda) living in Egypt's southern Nile Valley and Eastern Desert to chronicle and evaluate traditional herbal treatments, as well as to examine the links between these tribes based on ethnobotanical use. A total of 180 interviews with Bedouins and herbal healers were undertaken, with 45 informants for each tribe, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. There were 39 species in total, belonging to 36 genera and 27 families. Fabaceae and Poaceae and Rutaceae were the species-rich families. The used wild species comprised 43.6%, cultivated species (38.5%) and the remaining 17.9% were bought from the herbalist shops. The leaves were the most commonly used part (31%), followed by stems and fruits (22% each). Distinct species included Acacia nilotica, that is used in the treatment of dental discomfort and has a use-value of 33.3 %, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus, that is used in the treatment of cough and headache and has a use-value of 35% and 30.6%, respectively. A combination of Acacia nilotica and Lawsonia inermis, has a use-value of 22.2 % for the treatment of sore throats. Based on ethnobotanical treatments, the most resemblance was found between the Nubian and Rashayda tribes (55.3%), that the Rashayda’ nomads utilized the Nubian markets for the winter, and Nubians were supplied with livestock or handicrafts by the nomads, followed by 46.8% between Ababda and Bisharia that both tribes are shared land, resources, and even reached a historical homogeneous state not only due to land proximity but also through marriage and social relations. The most prevalent ailments were diarrhoea and headache, each had seven different recipes, while cough and dental aches had six. This type of research should be encouraged in order to better understand how the common flora might be used in human healthcare.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88929658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Inhalable and Respirable Dust for Four Poultry Farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Hanaa T. El-Bahnasy, M. El-Gammal, A. Hagrus","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.59277.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.59277.1071","url":null,"abstract":"The atmosphere of poultry farms usually contains significant levels of agricultural dust and toxic gases, which may cause harm to workers' health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the environmental exposure to dust pollutants; inhalable (PM10) and respirable (PM2.5) dust. The study was carried out in 4 commercially operated poultry farms located in Al-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The chosen poultry farms were based on their equipped way. The air samples were collected twice a week during 3 different stages of the rearing period of broiler chicks. The study was done during the period of November 2018 to April 2019. The results of this study showed that inhalable dust varied between 99 215 μg/m3 and respirable dust varied from 83-195 μg/m3 in farms C and D, respectively. It can be concluded the accumulation of manure, water, and feed remains lead to several pollutants particulate matters which have hazard health effects on farmworkers. Therefore, personal protective equipment as a face mask and mask filter must be used especially during disinfection process, for reduction of the pollutants exposure.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Use of Nanomechanical, Histological, and Biochemical Biomarkers of Oreochromis niloticus as a Signature of Metal Stress","authors":"H. Salem, A. Hagras, Heba Allah M. El-Baghdady, A. El‐naggar","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.196721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.196721","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of fish by heavy metals is a recognized environmental problem. Heavy metals, after leaking into the water, penetrate fish directly through the gill and later the skin. Fish develops protective defence mechanisms against the damaging effects of heavy metals. This study was aimed to investigate the concentrations of certain metals (cadmium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and lead) in the muscle tissues of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilo ticus) and their possible impact on its histological, nanomechanical, and biochemical biomarkers. The results showed that fish muscle from the polluted site contained high levels of heavy metals compared to the reference site. Biochemical profile of the Nile tilapia showed that serum glucose, total proteins, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were elevated in exposed tilapia compared to their corresponding reference. Histological examination of the liver showed severe alterations in the liver tissue. Nanomechanical properties (roughness and stiffness) confirmed the damaging effect of metals on the liver tissue. These findings provide a rational application of histological, nanomechanical and biochemical parameters to be used as indicators of metal stress. Integrated biomarker response is a comprehensive index of all biomarkers and a good indicator of the health status of aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75623781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}