Journal of Business & Tourism最新文献

{"title":"The Myth of Social Capital in Development of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case Study of Handloom Industry at Peshawar Valley","authors":"DR. MUJIB UR RAHMAN, ABDUR RAHMAN, Shah Raza Khan","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.122","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social capital in development of small and medium enterprises in Peshawar Valley. Relational capital such as business relational capital and social relational capital is used as tools of social capital. Firm performance is measured using attributes like profitability and future viability. A cross sectional, descriptive and analytical research design is adopted using a representative sample of 169 manufacturing weavers. Data is collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings reveal a significant and positive relationship between relational capitals, firm performance. It is recommended that investment in social capital improves firm performance with a positive impact on wellbeing of overall community. Therefore, managers should intensify initiatives to encourage greater understanding and acceptance on relational capital elements, employ a viable relational capital composition that includes building strong social relational ties with the community and government and pay attention to customers and employees in order to identify their needs and provide them with optimal values. This is likely to increase firm performance and development the small and medium enterprises.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128113870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Demographic Factors on Consumer’s Purchasing Decision: A Study on the University Students of Peshawar Region","authors":"IHSAN ULLAH, SALEEM ULLAH KHAN, MUHAMMAD IDREES","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"This research report is based on the factors affecting the purchasing decision of the students (consumers) of various public and private sector universities in Peshawar (Pakistan). The main objective of this study was to find out the impact of demographic factors such as gender, age and income on consumers purchasing decision. In this study the population was students of various private and public sector universities of Peshawar region. A sample of 250 students was drawn from population through proportionate random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and personally distributed among the subjects of sample. Independent samples T-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings lead to the conclusion that there is no significant relationship between consumers’ gender and age with purchasing decision while income of consumers significantly affects their purchasing decision.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133078121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment on Turnover in the Employees of Allied Bank Peshawar Region","authors":"JUNAID ATHAR KHAN, SAIMA AFSHEEN, DR. SHAHID JAN, Muhammad Tariq","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v4i1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v4i1.88","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed to investigate the impact of organizational justice over the organizational commitment and turnover intention perceived by the employees regarding their jobs in the Allied Bank of Peshawar region. A total of 180 employees selected from different hierarchical levels of Bank responded to the questionnaires used for the evaluation of this study. The collected data is analysed with the help of the SPSS 22.0 version, which provided the descriptive statistical analysis that further reveal means of employee’s Organizational Justice with two dimension Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice of organizational commitment and turnover, i.e. reported as close to 3.0. Reliability of the study is considered as adequate because the Cronbach Alpha values were reported considerably above than the predetermined threshold of 0.70 for all the four variables of the study. Multiple regression analysis, factor analysis were also conducted to test the hypotheses of the study and as a result, it was evaluated that the two dimensions of the organizational justice, i.e. distributive and procedural have significant positive impact over the employee’s job commitment and reduction in turnover of employees to other banks or other organizations. The study will help the decision makers and especially the HR executives in obtaining some better understanding of the relationship of two variables with organizational justice, so that they can formulate certain suitable strategies for the employees and organization as a whole, which in turns lead to higher level of satisfaction among employees and improve their performance as a whole. A number of limitations of this study and recommendations for the future researchers are also discussed at the end of the study.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116576077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Tolerance Profile of Business Students in Pakistan","authors":"Dr. Naveed Hussain Shah, DR. QAISER AMAN, DR. MOHAMMAD ASAD KHAN","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v4i1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v4i1.96","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the relationship between demographic variables and risk tolerance among business graduates in Pakistan. The correlation and regression analysis on a sample of 382 business students exhibit the following results. Empirical result of the correlation matrix are showing a positive significant correlation between risk tolerance gender, annual savings, age, experience and annual income and location except occupation which shows significant but negative correlation. Regression analysis depicts significant relationship between Risk tolerance Gender, Savings and Location shown by the t-values 2.037, 2.886, 58 and p –values .042, 0.004, and 0.000 respectively. However an insignificance relationship was found between Risk Tolerance Age, Education, Experience, Income and Occupation exhibited by their t-values -1.290, .638, -.035, - 1.886, all less than 2 and p-values above 0.05 respectively.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132396566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Spot Prices and Futures Prices: Evidence From Karachi Stock Exchange","authors":"Muhammad Asif Ali, Dr. Naveed Hussain Shah","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i2.144","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between futures prices and their underlying spot prices of the stocks trading on Pakistan stock market. Data on the monthly closing prices of future contracts and their underlying stocks of 30 companies for the period January 2004 to June 2014 have been taken for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Augmented Dicky Fuller test for unit root testing, Johnson Co-integration test, Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model are used. The results confirms significant long term relationship between futures prices and the associated Spot prices in case of 26 companies. The report of Granger causality test indicates that a Bi-directional causality lack to exist in case of each security, VECM shows that Spot prices for current month are effected by previous month prices in case of 7 companies, while futures prices of current month are affected by previous month prices in case of 4 companies. VECM illustrates that the volatility shocks in spot market are less effected by futures market, however the volatility shocks in corresponding futures market were strongly and significantly affected by spot market volatility.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INSTITUTIONAL POLICY MODEL OF WALI NANGGROE FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCEPOST- CONFLICT IN ACEH","authors":"DAHLAN A. RAHMAN, Endang Larasati, Sri Suwitri, BUDI PUSPO PRIYADI","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.107","url":null,"abstract":"The Wali Nanggroe Institution, which functions as an adhesive media for the Acehnese people politically, is still considered unable to implement the Helsinky MoU. Although there have been several studies of political dynamics in Aceh after Helsinky, there have not been any studies that have explored the implementation of policies regarding the Wali Nanggroe Institution in Aceh. Although a memorandum of understanding was signed between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Mardeka Aceh Movement (Independence of Aceh), the implementation of the MoU was not yet complete. The lack of attention of researchers about the implementation of the Wali Nanggroe policy because there are many parties who are unsure about the existence of the institution. This study is an academic response in order to find scientific answers to the presence of the Wali Nanggroe Institution which is formulated in the form of three research questions, namely How is the implementation of Qanun Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Wali Nanggroe Institution, what are obstacles and supportive factors of policy implementation - policy of the Wali Nanggroe Institution Qanun and What is the Wali Nanggroe Institution's Policy Implementation Model. The author combines qualitative data of 30 informants to find the cases as well as conflict resolution models in Aceh. The quantitative data support answers that are in accordance with the demands of research questions. The results of the study show that the Wali Nanggroe Institute was born after the Helsinki MoU to resolve the Aceh conflict that was legally recognized by the State to maintain the integrity of peace, it has the right to immunity. Qanun is influenced by aspects of policy content. It unites the Aceh political leaders who are conflicting in preparing budgets in the Aceh Parliament.Qanun alsohas the power to regulate upper house and functional assemblies. The implementation of qanun has been running since the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh (UUPA). Legal basis for the birth of the Nanggroe UUPA institution Article 96 (1) The Wali Nanggroe Institution is an indigenous leadership as an independent unifying community, not a political and government institution in the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Therefore, the author concludes that the policy implementation of the WaliNanggroe Institution in Aceh is a new approach. The Government of Aceh, the Government of Indonesia and countries experiencing almost the same conflict model can use the results of this study to encourage conflict resolution through a permanent political settlement.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining The Social Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction","authors":"DR. SAIF UL MUJAHID SHAH, Dr. Anwar Ul Mujahid Shah, Syed Arshad Ali Shah","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"As Poverty has become a global challenge for all the nations around the world, from the past many years, different strategies have been used to reduce it. However, since 1980s Microfinance has become a powerful tool to alleviate poverty and it's not adopted even in the developing countries but also developed nations have been practicing it. Many of the past studies used the economic indicators to measure the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction, and few have concentrated on the social indicators. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of microfinance as a poverty reduction in terms of social indicators in the rural areas of northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objective of this research is to check whether the established NGOs in the concern areas have been successful in bringing social change in the life of the beneficiaries. For the purpose of analysis, the structural equation model is applied to a sample of 440 collected through a structured questionnaire. Results show that microfinance had a negative impact on the health and education of the beneficiaries. This research indicates that more funds and priority should be given to the education and health sector because they have equal importance as compared to the other economic indicators.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130557847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marketing in the Green: A Description of Direct Selling and Relationship Marketing in Malaysian Jungles","authors":"Dr. Mohammad Daud Ali, Dr. Syed Imad Shah, Muhammad Tariq","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a description of how marketing occurs in the forests of Malaysia, a focus made on the direct selling and relationship marketing in those jungles where marketers/sales people get access to their customers. These potential customers living in the shelter houses temporarily prepared in the jungles where the customers are employed for various assignments. An observation method for data and information gathering is acquired. Discussion/ unstructured interviews are made with the sales people and customers to understand the essence of direct selling and the relationship that the marketers have developed with the customers who live in the jungles. Also, pictures were drawn with a digital camera to reveal how the customers and the marketers relate while dealing with each other.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating HRM and Leadership: A Proposed Framework for Effective Leadership in Contemporary Organization","authors":"Muzammel Shah","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v6i2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v6i2.153","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the bulk of studies in the domain of leadership, there is still a dearth of agreement over what makes leaders effective. The objective of the present study is to address this gap by devising a model for leadership effectiveness in light of previous studies. The basic premise of the framework presented in this study is the same as Contingency leadership theory (Fiedler, 1964; 1967). To be successful, managers need to implement different leadership styles in different situations and that a particular leadership style would be most effective in specific circumstances. It is proposed that managers need to implement transactional or transformational leadership style and adopt associated HRM practices depending upon the level of LMX relationship which might lead to effective leadership in an organization. Effective people management requires that HR practices should be applied by a manager with a matching and consistent leadership style. Leadership effectiveness is enhanced if a manager uses a leadership style with supportive HR practices that best matches a particular group of subordinates. Moreover; uncovering the underlying relationship between HRM and leadership will help refine current methodological approaches in this area, guiding theoretical improvement and policy development related to HRM and leadership.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125146473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under-Utilization of Women in the Labor Market of Pakistan","authors":"Mariam Sohail, Muqqadas Rehman, Chaudhary Abdul Rehman","doi":"10.34260/jbt.v5i1.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v5i1.132","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to find out the reasons which stop the educated women form utilizing their professional skills in Pakistan.A sample of twelve females is selected, out of which six are doing jobs in different sectors of Pakistan and six are unemployed but having professional graduation and masters degrees. Interviews are conducted with the participants. Findings indicate that culture and societal behavior, parents/family, male dominancy, bad working environment, long working hours, distant jobs, conveyance, safety issues, job discrimination, disinterest, household tasks, work-life balance are the main hurdles which stopwomen from doing jobs. All respondents agree that Islam does not stop women from jobs. Mostly, women prefer teaching profession because of less time and better working environment. Economy of the Pakistan will grow if educated women start utilizing their talent in the job market.","PeriodicalId":421170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business & Tourism","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}