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Race-Related Research in Economics and Other Social Sciences 经济学和其他社会科学中的种族相关研究
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000484648
A. Advani, Elliott Ash, D. Cai, Imran Rasul
{"title":"Race-Related Research in Economics and Other Social Sciences","authors":"A. Advani, Elliott Ash, D. Cai, Imran Rasul","doi":"10.3929/ETHZ-B-000484648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000484648","url":null,"abstract":"How does economics compare to other social sciences in its study of issues related to race and ethnicity? We assess this using a corpus of 500,000 academic publications in economics, political science, and sociology. Using an algorithmic approach to classify race-related publications, we document that economics lags far behind the other disciplines in the volume and share of race-related research, despite having higher absolute volumes of research output. Since 1960, there have been 13,000 race-related publications in sociology, 4,000 in political science, and 3,000 in economics. Since around 1970, the share of economics publications that are race-related has hovered just below 2% (although the share is higher in top-5 journals); in political science the share has been around 4% since the mid-1990s, while in sociology it has been above 6% since the 1960s and risen to over 12% in the last decade. Finally, using survey data collected from the Social Science Prediction Platform, we find economists tend to overestimate the amount of race-related research in all disciplines, but especially so in economics.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125319427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Persistence of Socio-Emotional Skills Life Cycle and Intergenerational Evidence 社会情感技能的持久性、生命周期和代际证据
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/W27823
O. Attanasio, Áureo de Paula, A. Toppeta
{"title":"The Persistence of Socio-Emotional Skills Life Cycle and Intergenerational Evidence","authors":"O. Attanasio, Áureo de Paula, A. Toppeta","doi":"10.3386/W27823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W27823","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the evolution of socio-emotional skills over the life cycle and across generations. We start by characterising the evolution of these skills in the first part of the life cycle. We then examine whether parents’ socio-emotional skills in early childhood rather than in adolescence are more predictive of their children’s socio-emotional skills. We exploit data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and focus on two dimensions of socioemotional skills: internalizing and externalizing skills, linked respectively to the ability of focusing attention and engaging in interpersonal activities. When looking at the evolution of socio-emotional skills over the life cycle, we notice a considerable amount of persistence which leads to a rejection of the simple Markov dynamic models often used in the literature. The BCS70 contains data on the skills of three generations. Moreover, the skills for cohort members and their children are not observed at the same calendar time, but at similar ages. We establish that parents’ and children’s socio-emotional skills during early childhood are comparable and estimate intergenerational mobility in socio-emotional skills, examining the link between the parent’s socio-emotional skills at age 5, 10 and 16 and the child’s socio-emotional skills between ages 3 and 16. We show that the magnitudes of intergenerational persistence estimates are smaller than the magnitude of intergenerational persistence estimates in occupation and income found for the United Kingdom. Finally, we estimate multi-generational persistence in socio-emotional skills and find that the grandmother’s internalizing skill correlates with the grandchild’s socio-emotional skills even after controlling for parental skills.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Health Effects of Prison 监狱对健康的影响
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200615
Randi Hjalmarsson, Matthew J. Lindquist
{"title":"The Health Effects of Prison","authors":"Randi Hjalmarsson, Matthew J. Lindquist","doi":"10.1257/app.20200615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates, respectively. In-prison health care utilization and program participation increased with time served, suggesting health care treatment and services as the key mechanism for mortality declines. (JEL I12, I18, K42)","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Life-Cycle Inequality: Blacks and Whites Differentials in Life Expectancy, Savings, Income, and Consumption 生命周期不平等:黑人和白人在预期寿命、储蓄、收入和消费方面的差异
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3669023
G. De Giorgi, Luca Gambetti, Costanza Naguib
{"title":"Life-Cycle Inequality: Blacks and Whites Differentials in Life Expectancy, Savings, Income, and Consumption","authors":"G. De Giorgi, Luca Gambetti, Costanza Naguib","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3669023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3669023","url":null,"abstract":"Life expectancy for Blacks is about 8 year shorter than for Whites. A shorter life expectancy, in line with the theoretical prediction of a simple model, determines a much lower amount of savings and wealth accumulation and therefore a lower degree of insurance. This, in turn, contributes to persistent racial differentials in life-cycle consumption. Starting from the same position in the consumption distribution Blacks end up in a lower percentile than Whites after a few decades. This is particularly marked for those Blacks who start at the top of the consumption distribution, where Whites are much more persistent. We document these facts using 40 years of PSID data (1981-2017).","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115751505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Second Chance? Labor Market Returns to Adult Education Using School Reforms 第二次机会?通过学校改革，劳动力市场回归成人教育
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3671531
K. Salvanes, R. Blundell, Patrick Bennett
{"title":"A Second Chance? Labor Market Returns to Adult Education Using School Reforms","authors":"K. Salvanes, R. Blundell, Patrick Bennett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3671531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3671531","url":null,"abstract":"Roughly one third of a cohort drop out of high school across OECD countries, and developing effective tools to address prime-aged high school dropouts is a key policy question. We leverage high quality Norwegian register data, and for identification we exploit reforms enabling access to high school for adults above the age of 25. The paper finds that considerable increases in high school completion and beyond among women lead to higher earnings, increased employment, and decreased fertility. As male education remains unchanged by the reforms, later life education reduces the pre-existing gender earnings gap by a considerable fraction.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122203360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
The Human Side of Structural Transformation 结构转型中的人的一面
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w29390
Tommaso Porzio, Federico M. Rossi, G. Santangelo
{"title":"The Human Side of Structural Transformation","authors":"Tommaso Porzio, Federico M. Rossi, G. Santangelo","doi":"10.3386/w29390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w29390","url":null,"abstract":"We document that nearly half of the global decline in agricultural employment was driven by new cohorts entering the labor market. A new dataset of policy reforms supports an interpretation of these cohort effects as human capital. Using a model of frictional labor reallocation, we conclude that human capital growth led to a sharp decline in the agricultural labor supply, accounting, at fixed prices, for 40 percent of the decrease in agricultural employment. This aggregate effect is halved in general equilibrium and it reflects the role of human capital as both a mediating factor and an independent driver of labor reallocation. (JEL J22, J24, J43, L16, O13, O14, Q10)","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131593427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
The New Hazardous Jobs and Worker Reallocation 新的危险工作和工人重新分配
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1787/400cf397-en
G. Basso, T. Boeri, A. Caiumi, M. Paccagnella
{"title":"The New Hazardous Jobs and Worker Reallocation","authors":"G. Basso, T. Boeri, A. Caiumi, M. Paccagnella","doi":"10.1787/400cf397-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/400cf397-en","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses several dimensions of workers’ safety that are relevant in the context of a pandemic. We provide a classification of occupations according to the risk of contagion: by considering a wider range of job characteristics and a more nuanced assessment of infection risk, we expand on the previous literature that almost exclusively looked at feasibility of working from home. We apply our classification to the United States and to European countries and we find that roughly 50% of jobs in our sample can be considered safe, although a large cross-country variation exists, notably in the potential incidence of remote working. We find that the most economically vulnerable workers (low-educated, low-wage workers, immigrants, workers on temporary contracts, and part-timers) are over-represented in unsafe jobs, notably in non-essential activities. We assess the nature of the reallocation of workers from unsafe to safe jobs that is likely to take place in the years to come, and the policies that could mitigate the social cost of this reallocation.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126003320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Unequal Consequences of Covid 19 Across Age and Income: Representative Evidence from Six Countries Covid - 19对不同年龄和收入的不平等后果:来自六个国家的代表性证据
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3628240
M. Belot, Syngjoo Choi, Julian C. Jamison, Nicholas W. Papageorge, E. Tripodi, Eline van den Broek-Altenburg
{"title":"Unequal Consequences of Covid 19 Across Age and Income: Representative Evidence from Six Countries","authors":"M. Belot, Syngjoo Choi, Julian C. Jamison, Nicholas W. Papageorge, E. Tripodi, Eline van den Broek-Altenburg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3628240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3628240","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 and the measures taken to contain it have led to unprecedented constraints on work and leisure activities, across the world. This paper uses nationally representative surveys to document how people of different ages and incomes have been affected across six countries (China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, UK and US). We first document changes in income/work and leisure. Second, we document self-reported negative and positive non-financial effects of the crisis. We then examine attitudes towards recommendations (wearing a mask in particular) and the approach taken by public authorities. We find similarities across countries in how people of different generations have been affected. Young people have experienced more drastic changes to their lives, and overall they are less supportive of these measures. These patterns are less clear across income groups: while some countries have managed to shield lower income individuals from negative consequences, others have not. We also show that how people have been affected by the crisis (positively or negatively) does little to explain whether or not they support measures implemented by the public authorities. Young people are overall less supportive of such measures independently of how they have been affected.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129988223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Does Biology Drive Child Penalties? Evidence from Biological and Adoptive Families 是生物学导致了对儿童的惩罚吗?来自亲生家庭和收养家庭的证据
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/w27130
H. Kleven, Camille Landais, J. Søgaard
{"title":"Does Biology Drive Child Penalties? Evidence from Biological and Adoptive Families","authors":"H. Kleven, Camille Landais, J. Søgaard","doi":"10.3386/w27130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27130","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether the impact of children on the labor market outcomes of women relative to men—child penalties—can be explained by the biological links between mother and child. We estimate child penalties in biological and adoptive families using event studies around the arrival of children and almost 40 years of adoption data from Denmark. Short-run child penalties are slightly larger for biological mothers than for adoptive mothers, but their long-run child penalties are virtually identical and precisely estimated. This suggests that biology is not a key driver of child-related gender gaps. (JEL J12, J13, J16)","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131860459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the Us 群体边界的变化:移民对美国种族关系的影响
CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3568154
Vasiliki Fouka, M. Tabellini
{"title":"Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the Us","authors":"Vasiliki Fouka, M. Tabellini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3568154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3568154","url":null,"abstract":"How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of other minorities as in- or outgroups depending on perceived distances across groups. We test this framework by studying how Mexican immigration to the US affected White Americans' attitudes and behaviors towards Black Americans. We combine survey and crime data with a difference-in-differences design and an instrumental variables strategy. Consistent with the theory, Mexican immigration improves Whites' racial attitudes, increases support for pro-Black government policies and lowers anti-Black hate crimes, while simultaneously increasing prejudice against Hispanics. Results generalize beyond Hispanics and Blacks and a survey experiment provides direct evidence for recategorization. Our findings imply that changes in the size of one group can affect the entire web of inter-group relations in diverse societies.","PeriodicalId":421122,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Labour Economics (Topic)","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123717840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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