{"title":"The causal update filter — A novel biologically inspired filter paradigm for appearance-based SLAM","authors":"Niko Sünderhauf, Peer Neubert, P. Protzel","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5653221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5653221","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a SLAM algorithm based on biological principles (RatSLAM) has been proposed. It was proven to perform well in large and demanding scenarios. In this paper we establish a comparison of the principles underlying this algorithm with standard probabilistic SLAM approaches and identify the key difference to be an additive update step. Using this insight, we derive the novel, non-Bayesian Causal Update filter that is suitable for application in appearance-based SLAM. We successfully apply this new filter to two demanding vision-only urban SLAM problems of 5 and 66 km length. We show that it can functionally replace the core of RatSLAM, gaining a massive speed-up.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128067253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The landing problem of a VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a moving platform using optical flow","authors":"B. Hérissé, T. Hamel, R. Mahony, F. Russotto","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5652633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5652633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a nonlinear controller for hovering flight and landing control on a moving platform for a Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by exploiting the measurement of the average optical flow. The VTOL vehicle is assumed to be equipped with a minimum sensor suite (a camera and an IMU), manoeuvring over a textured flat target plane. Two different tasks are considered in this paper: the first one concerns the stability of hovering flight and the second one concerns regulation of automatic vertical landing on a moving platform using the divergent optical flow as feedback information. Simulation and experimental results performed on a quad-rotor UAV demonstrate the performance of the proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128080602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study and implementation of station-holding performance on a fish robot in adverse unsteady flow","authors":"Chunlin Zhou, H. Low","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5652477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5652477","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we study the station-holding performance exhibited by real fish and implement the similar performance onto a biomimetic fish robot. The aim is to make the swimming of a fish robot capable of holding its station in one-dimensional unsteady adverse flow, i.e. to obtain adaptation to the variations of flow rate. With the sensory feedbacks including water environment information and the displacement of fish robot, a closed-loop swimming control scheme is developed. Firstly, inspired by a real carp fish swimming in adverse flow, control laws that regulate the tail beat frequency and amplitude of fish robots are formulated. A non-linear oscillator is applied to model the periodic swimming gaits. As controlling parameters of the oscillator, frequency and amplitude are dynamically tuned by the feedback control laws. The output of the oscillator that generates the adaptive swimming gaits is adjusted accordingly. The control method is verified through simulation and experiments on a BCF type fish robot.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125443611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and testing of a hybrid expressive face for a humanoid robot","authors":"D. Bazo, R. Vaidyanathan, A. Lenz, C. Melhuish","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5651469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5651469","url":null,"abstract":"The BERT2 social robot, a platform for the exploration of human-robot interaction, is currently being built at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory. This paper describes work on the robot's face, a hybrid face composed of a plastic faceplate and an LCD display, and our implementation of facial expressions on this versatile platform. We report the implementation of two representations of affect space, each of which map the space of potential emotions to specific facial feature parameters and the results of a series of human-robot interaction experiments to characterize the recognizability of the robot's archetypal facial expressions. The tested subjects' recognition of the implemented facial expressions for happy, surprised, and sad was robust (with nearly 100% recognition). Subjects, however, tended to confuse the expressions for disgusted and afraid with other expressions, with correct recognition rates of 21.1% and 52.6% respectively. Future work involves the addition of more realistic eye movements for stronger recognition of certain responses. These results demonstrate that a hybrid face with affect space facial expression implementations can provide emotive conveyance readily recognized by human beings.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"47 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pathak, D. Borrmann, J. Elseberg, N. Vaskevicius, A. Birk, A. Nüchter
{"title":"Evaluation of the robustness of planar-patches based 3D-registration using marker-based ground-truth in an outdoor urban scenario","authors":"K. Pathak, D. Borrmann, J. Elseberg, N. Vaskevicius, A. Birk, A. Nüchter","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5649648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5649648","url":null,"abstract":"The recently introduced Minimum Uncertainty Maximum Consensus (MUMC) algorithm for 3D scene registration using planar-patches is tested in a large outdoor urban setting without any prior motion estimate whatsoever. With the aid of a new overlap metric based on unmatched patches, the algorithm is shown to work successfully in most cases. The absolute accuracy of its computed result is corroborated for the first time by ground-truth obtained using reflective markers. There were a couple of unsuccessful scan-pairs. These are analyzed for the reason of failure by formulating two kinds of overlap metrics: one based on the actual overlapping surface-area and another based on the extent of agreement of range-image pixels. We conclude that neither metric in isolation is able to predict all failures, but that both taken together are able to predict the difficulty level of a scan-pair vis-à-vis registration by MUMC.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Li, Shugen Ma, Bin Li, Yuechao Wang, Yunhui Liu
{"title":"Self-rescue mechanism for screw drive in-pipe robots","authors":"Peng Li, Shugen Ma, Bin Li, Yuechao Wang, Yunhui Liu","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650482","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a self-rescue mechanism for a screw drive in-pipe robot, which only uses one DC motor. The robot has two working modes, Normal Working Mode and Self-rescue Mode. Under normal working mode, the robot propels itself in the pipe just as other classical screw drive robots. When the robot encounters the obstacle and gets jammed, the lock up mechanism and motion control mechanism of the robot are activated. Then, the robot changes from working mode to self-rescue mode and moves away in the reverse direction to avoid jamming in the pipe. The change of the working mode is determined by the characteristics of the mechanism. The proposed mechanism can be used as a safety protection method for the pipe robot. Experiments have been conducted to testify the proposed mechanism. Compared with those with screw drive mechanisms, robots with self-rescue mechanism are able to avoid jamming in the pipe.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121731356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trajectory tracking and point stabilization of noholonomic mobile robot","authors":"Zhengcai Cao, Y. Zhao, Shuguo Wang","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650385","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a mixed controller for solving the trajectory tracking and point stabilization problems of a mobile robot is presented, applying the integration of backstepping technique and neural dynamics. By introducing a virtual target point, the whole motion process is divided into two parts. The first one is employed to realize tracking control and the other one is adopted to implement point stabilization. Each part produces a feedback control law by using backstepping technique. Moreover, to solve the speed and torque jump problems and make the controller generate smooth and continuous signal when controllers switch, the neural dynamics model is integrated into the backstepping. The stability of the proposed control system is analyzed by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"106 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115764379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved updating of Euclidean distance maps and Voronoi diagrams","authors":"Boris Lau, Christoph Sprunk, Wolfram Burgard","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650794","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents novel, highly efficient approaches for updating Euclidean distance maps and Voronoi diagrams represented on grid maps. Our methods employ a dynamic variant of the brushfire algorithm to update only those cells that are actually affected by changes in the environment. In experiments in different environments we show that our update strategies for distance maps and Voronoi diagrams require substantially fewer cell visits and significantly less computation time compared to previous approaches. Furthermore, the dynamic Voronoi diagram also improves on previous work by correctly dealing with non-convex obstacles such as building walls. We also present a dynamic variant of a skeletonization-based approach to Voronoi diagrams that is especially robust to noise. All of our algorithms consider actual Euclidean distances rather than grid steps. An open source implementation is available online [1].","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115972114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hirotaka Osawa, Jarrod Orszulak, Kathryn M. Godfrey, J. Coughlin
{"title":"Maintaining learning motivation of older people by combining household appliance with a communication robot","authors":"Hirotaka Osawa, Jarrod Orszulak, Kathryn M. Godfrey, J. Coughlin","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5648846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5648846","url":null,"abstract":"Today's household appliances are quickly increasing their features and functions. These new technologies require innovative training methods to maintain learning motivation especially with older users, because they may need more time to learn. Conventional manuals are insufficient to maintain motivation in this population. Previously studied assistive communication robots also have difficulty explaining a second device because their strong presence distracts the user from the device during explanation. We propose an anthropomorphized learning method that sustains older people's motivations to learn new technologies. Our method creates an anthropomorphized household appliance using robot eyes and arms. This method assists the learning process using human expressions. These human-like expressions attract users during training and maintain learning motivation. Our system uses three forms of anthropomorphization: pointing, directive motion, and emotion. We designed and implemented both hardware and software and evaluated the method by training older people to learn a vacuum's features. Our method increased older people's emotional status by an average of 2.53 points compared with the manual learning that decreased emotional status by −.53. This increased emotional status suggests that our system could maintain older users' motivation more effectively compared with traditional manual methods.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terramechanics-based propulsive characteristics of mobile robot driven by Archimedean screw mechanism on soft soil","authors":"K. Nagaoka, M. Otsuki, T. Kubota, Satoshi Tanaka","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5651010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5651010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the mathematical modeling and the propulsive characteristics of a novel robot driven by Archimedean screw mechanisms, named Screw Drive Rover. For secure locomotion on soft soil, the proposed rover would become one of the good solutions because of its robustness to slipping and getting stuck in the soil. Furthermore, the rover is expected to move in various directions by using the dual screw units. However, the interaction between such screw unit and the surrounding soil is quite complicated and remains undefined. So, this paper attempts to model the tractive effort of the rover on the soil. The mathematical modeling is newly developed based upon terramechanics, addressing soil-vehicle interactive mechanics. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by simulation analyses.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}