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Disjunctive Inclusions in Arabic as Spoken Language: Grammatical Constraints 阿拉伯语口语中的虚拟包含：语法制约
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7326
Magdalena AL-SAYADI
{"title":"Disjunctive Inclusions in Arabic as Spoken Language: Grammatical Constraints","authors":"Magdalena AL-SAYADI","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/7326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7326","url":null,"abstract":"Linguistic inclusions are natural forms of communicative competence, usually used for illocutionary or confirmative purposes. This paper focuses on disjunctions and their semantic and syntactic features. The usage of disjunctions cannot be treated as a coincidental issue, therefore much detailed study could bring more information. This study is based on a collected set of utterances and conversational analysis, including the most common Arabic disjunctions. Results are presented in tables with relevant comments. Cultural conditions must be considered since many of the Arabic inclusions are ritualistic phrases. In addition, dialectal divergences constitute semantic incoherence. In Arabic as spoken language, many grammatical restrictions depend on disjunction and its role in a phrase.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48670764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Sumerian Hypothesis 苏美尔假说
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8435
W. McLoud
{"title":"The Sumerian Hypothesis","authors":"W. McLoud","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/8435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8435","url":null,"abstract":"A Sumerian Hypothesis is developed to explain the origin of the large amount of Mesopotamian material appearing in the primeval history of Genesis 1–11 (found throughout all parts of the primeval history). Various features of the primeval history are considered and compared with Sumerian/Akkadian features, including worldview, motifs, and stories as well as the literary style and historiography of the genealogies. The author argues that this Mesopotamian material can be traced back to pre-Old Babylonian sources and shows no influence from developments in Babylon thereafter. The Mesopotamian source material used in the primeval history may thus have been written down as early as in Abrahamic times.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47365593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Concept of Memra in Targum Amos 《塔古姆·阿莫斯》中的记忆概念
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8341
G. Lier, Anna Fransina Van Zyl
{"title":"The Concept of Memra in Targum Amos","authors":"G. Lier, Anna Fransina Van Zyl","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/8341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8341","url":null,"abstract":"The Memra concept is notable in Aramaic Bible translation or Targum. In Targum Amos, the term is employed seven times in the Aramaic rendering of the Hebrew text of the prophet Amos. This study investigates how scholars interpreted the Memra concept in the context of earlier studies that focussed on the Pentateuchal Targums and the Former Prophets. It then ventures to establish how the notion of Memra is used in TJ Amos and how this compares with previous scholarly findings.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Counting and Weighing: On the Role of Intuition in Philology and Linguistics 计数与权衡：论直觉在语言学和语言学中的作用
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8180
M. Ehrensvärd, R. Rezetko, I. Young
{"title":"Counting and Weighing: On the Role of Intuition in Philology and Linguistics","authors":"M. Ehrensvärd, R. Rezetko, I. Young","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/8180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8180","url":null,"abstract":"The intuition of established scholars often holds them back from appreciating revolutionary advances in the understanding of how biblical texts evolved and how to view their language in that context. Kuhn’s theory of paradigm shifts helps elucidate the current debate regarding the linguistic dating theories of Avi Hurvitz and others. We discuss these linguistic dating theories and use Richard Friedman’s book on the exodus as an example of the old paradigm. We then juxtapose it with the emerging paradigm that is founded on more robust data collection and analysis.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41447663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ancient Egyptian Conception of God: From the Predynastic Through the Old Kingdom (ca. 3800–2135 B.C.E.) 古埃及人的上帝观:从前王朝到古王国(约公元前3800-2135年)
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7244
Leival Richards
{"title":"The Ancient Egyptian Conception of God: From the Predynastic Through the Old Kingdom (ca. 3800–2135 B.C.E.)","authors":"Leival Richards","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/7244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7244","url":null,"abstract":"It is not clear what an Egyptian god was, what was believed about them, or how people responded to them. This qualitative work induces the nature of gods from the fourth and third millennia B.C.E. culture with the intention of stating what Egyptians believed. Framed in a philosophical design, it explores three features. First, using language, archaeology, and iconography the essentials of the god identity are outlined for original qualification. Second, god existence is argued using classical proofs. Third, god character is examined to reveal the specific psychological archetype that dictated their behaviour in myth. Then, delineated by the essential qualities of all three features, the nature of the gods is consolidated and filtered through an Old Kingdom value structure to reveal their conception—habitual ideal individual behaviour. The ancient Egyptians had a monistic idea for god that was internalised by every individual thus creating a system of internal equality despite the external inequality.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decolonising the Reading of Psalm 8 in an African (Yoruba) Context. 在非洲（约鲁巴语）背景下对诗篇8的非殖民化阅读。
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7613
D. Adamo
{"title":"Decolonising the Reading of Psalm 8 in an African (Yoruba) Context.","authors":"D. Adamo","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/7613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7613","url":null,"abstract":"Psalm 8 is one of the most important psalms of praise to YHWH. Unlike other psalms of praise, this psalm begins with the name of God, Yahweh, which clearly and unmistakeably expresses that he is glorious throughout his creation. Psalm 8 not only expresses the glory of Yahweh, but also the value and responsibility of humanity. This article examines how Psalm 8 is read and interpreted in an African/Yoruba religious and cultural tradition as a psalm of protection, healing, and success. Some archaeological evidence seems to support the use of the Bible that way. The effectiveness of such use in the African/Yoruba Christian tradition is not doubted because a strong faith is behind it. Such use represents an African/Yoruba affirmation of faith in Yahweh who will repeat the miracles of healing, protection, and success that he had performed in ancient Israel in their present lives.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46368251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Linguistics, Philology, and the Role of Theory 语言学、语言学与理论的作用
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8047
Robert D. Holmstedt
{"title":"Linguistics, Philology, and the Role of Theory","authors":"Robert D. Holmstedt","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/8047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8047","url":null,"abstract":"What is “philology” in contemporary research? How does it relate to linguistics? Does studying language for the purpose of reading texts legitimise a pre-theoretical approach to language analysis? Is research without an explicit theoretical undergirding (no matter how deep beneath the overt layers of argument) anything more than naive empiricism? This essay addresses a long-standing issue in Biblical Hebrew studies that has recently flared up: is a theory of language necessary for the study of Biblical Hebrew grammar? Rather than a comprehensive review of literature on the study of Biblical Hebrew, this essay is programmatic, weaving questions of discipline, theory, and praxis together to present a case for how Biblical Hebrew linguists ought to orient themselves in the process of collecting and analysing their data.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Biblical Hebrew Beth Essentiae: Predicate Marker 圣经希伯来文Beth Essentiae：谓词标记
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8019
Jacques Boulet
{"title":"The Biblical Hebrew Beth Essentiae: Predicate Marker","authors":"Jacques Boulet","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/8019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8019","url":null,"abstract":"The Biblical Hebrew preposition b has many functions, including one traditionally called the beth essentiae. The standard example is Exod 18:4: ki ’elohe avi b‘ezri, “for the God of my father (is) my help.” Most scholars agree that this usage of beth marks an equivalence or predication, the notable exception being Whitley (1972). The goal of this paper is to provide a generative syntactic analysis that supports the majority view and to respond to Whitley’s two most important counterarguments, namely that beth is unnecessary as marker of predication, since Biblical Hebrew allows null copula clauses, and that the occurrence of beth with the verb hayah shows that beth must have some other function or else be pleonastic. I propose that the beth essentiae is an (optional) overt marker of predication and that it is the overt realisation of the functional predication head Pr. This syntactic argument is supported by cross?linguistic data.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
“Blessed Are the Killers of Infants”—Understanding the Imprecation of Psalm 137 in Light of the Canonical Contexts of the Major Prophets “杀害婴儿的人有福了”——从主要先知的典型语境看《诗篇》第137篇的印象
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7823
Ryu Park
{"title":"“Blessed Are the Killers of Infants”—Understanding the Imprecation of Psalm 137 in Light of the Canonical Contexts of the Major Prophets","authors":"Ryu Park","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/7823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7823","url":null,"abstract":"The imprecation of Psalm 137, “Blessed are the revengers and the killers of infants” (vv. 8–9) does not seem to be in conformity with the broader messages of the Psalter, “Blessed is the man who delights in the law of Yahweh (Ps 1:1–2) and who dwells in your house and ever praises you (Ps 84:5)” and of the Old Testament, “Do not take revenge and love your neighbours and foreigners (Lev 19:18; Deut 10:19).” However, this imprecation of infants-death can be interpreted and understood in the literary contexts of the Major Prophets that show intertextual connection with Psalm 137 in terms of the imprecation and judgment themes (Isa 13:15–18; Jer 51:20–23). Certain passages of the Major Prophets contain the oracles of judgments against Israel’s enemies that are announced throughout Isaiah and Jeremiah as if the psalmist’s imprecation is answered. God would destroy Judah’s enemy, Babylon, in order to restore Judah.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Hermeneutic of Variation? The Orthographic Variability of the Hebrew Bible and the Larger Dead Sea Scrolls 变异的解释学?希伯来圣经和更大的死海古卷的正字法差异
Journal for Semitics Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/6633
J. D. de Joode, D. Speelman
{"title":"A Hermeneutic of Variation? The Orthographic Variability of the Hebrew Bible and the Larger Dead Sea Scrolls","authors":"J. D. de Joode, D. Speelman","doi":"10.25159/2663-6573/6633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/6633","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, we investigate the distribution of variant spellings in the largest texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hebrew Bible using principles and methods from quantitative linguistics. The variability of spelling is widely accepted in the literature. To date, however, insight into the extent of said variability is limited. This article therefore quantifies orthographic heterogeneity within a corpus of Classical Hebrew using a computational approach. It introduces a measure for profile-based uniformity which has proven successful in variational linguistics. The aim is not to identify the causes of orthographic variation, but rather to investigate the phenomenon of variability in its own right. Understanding orthographic heterogeneity across texts influences historical reconstructions based on orthography, such as the use of orthography for the dating of texts, but it also affects the description of language change and the study of scribal practice.","PeriodicalId":42047,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Semitics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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