European Oral Research最新文献

{"title":"Selective use of dynamic navigation for anatomically challenging immediate loading of all-on-four implants: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Karen Supply, Simon Corthals, Araceli Diez-Fraile","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261864559","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261864559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Edentulism compromises oral function and quality of life. The All-on-4 concept offers a fixed alternative to conventional dentures under immediate loading. However, evidence on outcomes in anatomically challenging arches, particularly with dynamic navigation, remains limited. This study reports early clinical and radiographic outcomes, and the feasibility, of immediate-loading all-on-4 in a real-world setting using an anatomy-driven allocation strategy with freehand and navigation workflows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included consecutive patients treated between November 2023 and February 2025. Dynamic navigation was selectively applied in unfavorable arches; freehand surgery was used otherwise. Four implants per arch supported screw-retained provisional prostheses delivered within 24-36 hours. Primary outcomes were implant and arch-level survival and marginal bone level (MBL) change. Secondary outcomes included complications and provisional prosthesis survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients (23 arches; 92 implants) were analyzed: 13 arches freehand and 10 navigation. Median follow-up was 5.11 months. Five implants failed (5.43%), all in the maxilla, affecting four arches (one navigation, three freehand). Implant survival was 94.23% (freehand) and 95.00% (navigation). MBL change was negligible, consistent with early remodeling and measurement variability. Biological complications occurred in 8 implants (8.70%), and two provisional fractures were repaired; 22 of 23 prostheses remained functional (95.65%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate-loading All-on-4 with selective navigation achieved high short-term implant and prosthesis survival and minimal MBL variation. These findings support the feasibility of navigation in demanding arches in routine practice, warranting confirmation in prospective studies with longer follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of different irrigant activation methods in the elimination of bacteria colonizing in dentin tubules.","authors":"Şeyba Sara Mansuroğlu, Tamer Taşdemir, Tuba Dinçer, Celal Kurtuluş Buruk, Ümit Uzun, Tuğba Koşar","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261786885","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261786885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this ex vivo study was to investigate the effects of 5 distinct irrigant activation systems on bacterial colonization within dentinal tubules utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared using resiprocal instruments. The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks and the root canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. Root canals were irrigated using five different irrigant activation methods: standard needle irrigation, IrriFlex, EDDY, Endoactivator, and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Horizontal sections, 1 ± 0.1 mm in thickness, were obtained at distances of 2, 5 and 8 mm from the apical end of the teeth. Sections were visualized using a CLSM. The penetration depth of dead bacteria was measured to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the irrigant activation systems. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PUI showed significantly greater penetration depth of dead bacteria in both the coronal and apical thirds compared to the other experimental groups (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although a statistically significant reduction in bacteria was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control, the canal disinfection was not complete in any of the groups. According to our results, standard needle irrigation had the lowest disinfection efficiency, while PUI demonstrated the highest among the evaluated activation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of activation systems on the removal and apical extrusion of a bioceramic intracanal medicament in immature teeth: an in vitro study.","authors":"Sena Kaşıkçı, Ebru Şirinoğlu","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261831306","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261831306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and sonic activation (SA) on apical extrusion and the removal efficacy of bioceramic (BC), and calcium hydroxide (CH) based intracanal materials in simulated open-apex teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two extracted mandibular canines were prepared according to ISO #140, and an open-apex condition was created by apical resection. Specimens were randomly assigned to bioceramic (Bio-C Temp) and CH (DiaPaste) intracanal medication groups and subdivided among PUI or SA methods (n = 8). Extruded intracanal medicament was collected in pre-weighed tubes, and residual medicament was scored under a microscope. Residual intracanal medicament was evaluated using a four-grade scoring system. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; group comparisons were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test, with significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Apical Extrusion values were as follows: Group BC-PUI = 0.048 mg, Group BC-SA = 0.036 mg, Group CH-PUI = 0.052 mg, and Group CH-SA = 0.049 mg. No significant difference was observed in apical extrusion among the groups (p = 0.265). Median residual scores were Group BC-PUI = 0.5, Group BC-SA = 3, Group CH-PUI = 0.5 and Group CH-SA = 1. PUI resulted in significantly lower residual medicament scores than SA (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bio-C Temp demonstrated superior removal and apical extrusion characteristics were comparable to CH. These findings support its potential as a reliable alternative to CH.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chromogenic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics: an in vitro study.","authors":"Tuğba Nur Öztürk, Esra Yıldız","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261822015","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261822015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of commonly consumed chromogenic beverages on the color stability and surface roughness of three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics at different time intervals. The study aims to provide comparative data under standardized immersion conditions, addressing a gap in time-dependent color and surface alterations of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 168 specimens were prepared from three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics (Vita Enamic HT 2M2, Cerasmart HT A2, and Brava HT A2). Specimens were immersed in distilled water, coffee, cola, or red wine at 37 °C for up to 12 days. Color (ΔE₀₀, CIE L*a*b*), and surface roughness (Ra) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 days. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: beverage and time) followed by post-hoc tests (α=0.05) was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Red wine produced the highest color change in all materials (p<0.001), followed by coffee, whereas cola and water resulted in significantly lower ΔE₀₀ values. At day 12, Vita Enamic showed greater discoloration and roughness than Cerasmart and Brava (p<0.05). Both ΔE₀₀ and Ra increased significantly with time (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to chromogenic beverages significantly affected both color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics. Red wine and coffee were the most aggressive agents, while Cerasmart demonstrated the best stability. Routine dietary counseling and periodic repolishing may be advisable to preserve the long-term esthetic integrity of CAD/CAM restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"283-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic concordance between incisional biopsies and final excision specimens in maxillofacial Lesions: a 14-Year retrospective study.","authors":"Sahar Kadri, Eya Moussaoui, Asma Cheikh, Lamia Oualha","doi":"10.26650/eor.1829734","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.1829734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between the histopathological diagnoses obtained from biopsies of maxillofacial lesions and the definitive histopathological diagnoses of the excised specimens, and to identify factors associated with diagnostic discordance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 patients with maxillofacial lesions who underwent surgical excision following biopsy between 2005 and 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected and analyzed. Biopsy diagnoses were compared with the final excision diagnoses using Cohen's kappa coefficient and appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The histopathological diagnosis of the excised specimen was consistent with the biopsy diagnosis in 87.8% of cases (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found between biopsy and excision diagnoses when the biopsy was performed by a specialist or a resident (p = 0.29), or when the histopathological evaluation was conducted by a resident or a specialist pathologist (p = 0.59). Likewise, no significant differences were observed according to whether the biopsy specimen consisted of a single fragment or multiple fragments (p = 0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Careful identification and management of factors contributing to diagnostic discordance may improve the reliability of biopsy diagnoses and consequently enhance patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"240-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes.","authors":"Sıla Usta, Cangül Keskin, Ayşe Oktay, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261807089","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261807089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of different endodontic irrigation solutions on the solubility, color alteration, and surface roughness alterations of PD MTA and Biodentine.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cylindrical samples of PD MTA and Biodentine were prepared and subsequently immersed in distilled water, 17% EDTA, 5% NaOCl, 9% HEDP, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solutions for 24 hours. Solubility was determined as the percentage mass loss at 24 h compared to initial values. Color alteration was analyzed using a spectrophotometer (CIE Lab system), and surface roughness (Ra and Sa) was measured with a confocal microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests at a 5% significance threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in solubility were observed between PD MTA and Biodentine, but EDTA and chitosan nanoparticles significantly increased solubility compared to other solutions (p<0.05). Biodentine exhibited greater color alteration than PD MTA for all solutions except distilled water (p<0.05), with NaOCl causing the most pronounced color alteration (p<0.05). PD MTA showed higher surface roughness before and after immersion (p<0.05), with HEDP inducing the greatest roughness alterations in both materials (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endodontic irrigants affect the physical properties of hydraulic cements, with varying impacts on solubility, color alteration, and surface roughness. Selecting appropriate irrigation solutions is essential to maintaining material integrity and esthetic outcomes in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148017987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of operator experience and nickel-titanium retreatment file systems in curved root canals.","authors":"İdil Özden, Arzu Çil, Beste Cilli, Merve Gökyar, Tuba Ayhan, Hesna Sazak Öveçoğlu","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261736346","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261736346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of operator experience and four different nickel-titanium (NiTi) retreatment systems in curved canals with respect to procedural time, complications, and file distortions during root canal filling removal.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Root canal treatment was performed on 80 acrylic blocks with a 30° curvature. The blocks were assigned to either an endodontist or an endodontic resident (n = 40 each) and further divided into four subgroups (n = 10) according to the retreatment system used: ProTaper Universal Retreatment, ROGIN Retreatment Files, FANTA AF Retreatment Files, and EndoArt Retreatment Gold. Procedural time, complications (perforation, ledge formation, and apical transportation), and file distortions (unwinding, tip deformation, and instrument separation) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median procedural time for the endodontist (120 [95-142]) was significantly shorter than that for the resident (145 [117-162]) (p = 0.007). No statistically significant differences were observed between operators with regard to complications. The ProTaper Universal Retreatment system exhibited the lowest overall complication rates numerically. Additionally, both the FANTA AF Retreatment Files and the ProTaper Universal Retreatment system demonstrated a lower incidence of ledge formation when used by the resident; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The endodontist completed the procedures faster than the endodontic resident. The ProTaper Universal Retreatment system showed the lowest overall number of complications across both operators. The FANTA AF Retreatment Files demonstrated the lowest incidence of ledge formation, whereas EndoArt Retreatment Gold exhibited the highest incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vehicle and insertion method on intratubular penetration of calcium hydroxide pastes: an in vitro confocal laser microscopy analysis.","authors":"Mirela Cesar Barros, Daiara da Silva Franco, Lidiane de Castro Pinto, Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade, Luciana Vitti Betti","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261667260","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261667260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different vehicles and insertion/agitation methods on the penetration of calcium hydroxide (CH) paste into dentinal tubules.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty single-rooted premolars were standardized to 12 mm, prepared using the ProDesign 40.05 instrument, and randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10): CH-propylene glycol/camphorated paramonochlorophenol (PG/CPMC) + K-file (KF), CH-PG/CPMC + XP Clean (XP), CH-PG/CPMC + Easy Clean (EC), CH-PG/CPMC + ultrasonic activation (UA); Ultracal XS (UC) + KF, UC + XP, UC + EC, and UC + UA. The CH paste was mixed with 0.1% Rhodamine dye and inserted into the specimens. Two 1-mm-thick sections were obtained at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex, scanned using confocal microscopy, and analyzed with ImageJ software to calculate the percentage penetration and maximum penetration depth (MPD). Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The penetration of the PG/CPMC paste differed significantly between KF and EC, as well as between KF and UA, at both 5 mm (p< .05) and 2 mm (p < .05). UC showed enhanced penetration with UA, while EC outperformed KF at 2 mm. For MPD, no significant differences were observed at 5 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the insertion/agitation methods and paste formulations influenced the percentage penetration of the paste into the root canal lumen and dentinal tubules. At 2 mm, aqueous and viscous vehicles optimized MPD, particularly when combined with UA and EC.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement of mini-implants subjected to directional orthodontic forces for intrusion or distal movement of the maxillary teeth: a nonrandomized clinical study.","authors":"A Sumathi Felicita, T N Uma Maheswari","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261510598","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261510598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the movement of mini-implants subjected to orthodontic forces in the sagittal and vertical directions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four young patients with a total of forty-six mini-implants placed between the maxillary second premolar and the maxillary first permanent molar were divided into two groups. Group 1 (G1) consisted of patients undergoing distalisation, whereas Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients undergoing intrusion. In both groups, bilateral orthodontic forces were applied from the mini-implants in the sagittal (G1) and vertical (G2) directions, respectively. Linear and angular measurements were used to evaluate mini-implant displacement in both groups using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained before treatment (T1) and toward the end of treatment (T2). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, respectively, to compare mini-implant displacement within and between the groups, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to estimate the duration for which the mini-implants were likely to remain in the oral cavity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In G1, a statistically significant increase in both vertical and sagittal angulation of the mini-implants was observed, directed toward the occlusal and mesial directions, respectively (p = 0.016 and p<0.001). In G2, an increase in vertical angulation toward the occlusal direction and a mild distal angulation were observed; however, these changes were not statistically significant. In both G1 and G2, a statistically significant linear displacement of the mini-implants was detected, with movement toward the maxillary second premolar in G1 (p<0.001) and away from the maxillary second premolar in G2 (p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mini-implant movement was greater under sagittal orthodontic forces than under vertical forces. Minor displacement of mini-implants occurs when subjected to orthodontic forces-particularly in the sagittal direction-but this movement may not necessarily indicate implant failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of manufacturing technique on marginal gap in inlay, onlay, veneer, and endocrown restorations: a systematic review and metaanalysis.","authors":"Osayd Alawawda, Ensar Binici, Ilgınsu Akıncı, Funda Bayindir","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261751100","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261751100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the marginal fit of indirect partial restorations, such as inlays, onlays, and endocrowns, fabricated using milling (subtractive manufacturing) and 3D printing (additive manufacturing) techniques.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and utilized the PICO framework to define the research question. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published in English between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2025. The search targeted studies that directly compared milled and 3D-printed indirect partial restorations and reported marginal gap values in a numerical format. Statistical analysis was performed using a random-effects model, and outcomes were synthesized using the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 studies, comprising 257 milled samples and 287 3D-printed samples, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled analysis found no statistically significant difference in marginal gap values between milled and 3D-printed partial restorations (p = 0.62). However, subgroup analyses revealed varying trends. For occlusal veneers, milled restorations showed a smaller marginal gap than 3D-printed restorations; however, this difference was not statistically significant (SMD = -1.86, 95% CI: -18.24 to -14.53, p = 0.39). Conversely, inlays and onlays showed a non-significant trend favoring 3D printing (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: -0.26 to 2.00, p = 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis conclude that there is no overall statistically significant difference in marginal fit between milled and 3D-printed indirect partial restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}