European Oral Research最新文献

{"title":"Morphological and physicochemical impact of an experimental epigallocatechin-3-gallate based gel on erosive dentin wear.","authors":"Cíntia de Melo Silva Souza, Sanclayton Geraldo Carneiro Moreira, Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni, Ana Maria Neves Damião, Milton Carlos Kuga, Cristiane de Melo Alencar, Cecy Martins Silva","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261863577","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261863577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the morphological and physicochemical effects of an experimental epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) gel and its combination with sodium fluoride (NaF) on the progression of dentin erosion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Initial lesions were induced in bovine dentin samples (n=10/group) and divided into: Control (gel without active ingredients), NaF (1.23% NaF), EGCG (10% EGCG), and EGCG+NaF (10% EGCG + 1.23% NaF). Half of the sample was protected and the other half treated and subjected to erosive/abrasive challenges (0.3% citric acid, pH=2.6 and simulated brushing). Volume loss (VL) and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated by 3D laser confocal microscopy. Dentin composition was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, considering mineral/matrix ratio (MMR), collagen organization, and crystallinity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EGCG+NaF group presented the lowest VL values (p<0.05). The Control group had the highest MMR values, while the EGCG+NaF group presented the lowest (p<0.05). For the Amide I/III ratio, the Control group had the lowest values and the EGCG+NaF group the highest (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences among the groups regarding the crystallographic order (p= 0.668).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of EGCG and NaF demonstrates the ability to mitigate volume loss under erosive-abrasive challenges, preserve structural integrity, and enhance collagen cross-linking within the demineralized organic matrix of dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"344-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional accuracy of clear aligners fabricated using different LCD 3D printer resolutions: an in-vitro study.","authors":"Jayaraj Ravi, Mahalakshmi Krishnakumaran, Balaji Krishnan, Annie Shirly Priyanka Gerald","doi":"10.26650/eor.20251817134","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20251817134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to compare trueness and precision of dental models from three LCD 3D printers with different horizontal resolutions (2K, 4K, 8K) and to evaluate their clinical suitability for orthodontic use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty models were printed using Creality Halot One (2K), Phrozen Mighty 4K, and Phrozen Mighty 8K printers, with ten models each using manufacturer-recommended resins. Master digital models from intraoral scans were compared to re-scanned printed models through surface superimposition using Geomagic Control X software. Trueness and precision were evaluated by point deviation and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) analysis, with differences assessed by one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean RMS values for 2K, 4K, and 8K printers were 0.266 ± 0.015 mm, 0.223 ± 0.017 mm, and 0.121 ± 0.012 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The 8K printer showed highest trueness and precision, with deviations mainly in occlusal and gingival regions. The 0.25 mm error limit was within acceptable range for 4K and 8K models, while 2K models exceeded this value (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Printer resolution significantly affects dimensional accuracy. The 8K LCD printer demonstrated superior accuracy and reproducibility, proving reliable for orthodontic models and clear aligners.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"337-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a clinically feasible repeated potassium iodide application protocol on silver diamine fluoride-induced discoloration.","authors":"Maryam Hajiahmadi, Samira SadighBatha","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261845757","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261845757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim is to evaluate and compare the effects of single versus repeated applications of potassium iodide (KI) on SDF-induced discoloration in primary canines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-six extracted human primary canines with dentinal caries were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I received 38% SDF alone; Group II received SDF followed by a single KI application; and Group III received SDF followed by immediately application after SDF and repeated on days 1, 3, and 5. Color change (∆E) was assessed on Days 1, 14, and 30 using a spectrophotometer based on the CIE Lab* system. Statistical analysis included One-Way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests for between-group comparisons, and Repeated Measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for within-group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups showed significant differences in ΔE values at each time point, except between the single and repeated KI groups on Day 1. The Group I exhibited the highest ΔE values throughout the study, indicating the greatest discoloration, while Group III resulted in the lowest values. Over time, a progressive increase in discoloration was observed in Groups II, whereas partial color stability was maintained in Group III.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated application of KI after SDF treatment can result in a higher reduction in tooth discoloration compared to a single-application. This protocol may enhance the clinical acceptability of SDF, especially for visible anterior teeth in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"304-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between vitamin D insufficiency and periodontitis, GCF vitamin D and LL-37 levels in well-controlled diabetes patients with periodontitis.","authors":"Gülnihal Eren, Oya Turkoglu, Şevki Cetinkalp, Harika Atmaca, Gül Atilla","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261785247","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261785247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether low serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with clinical parameters and positively correlated with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) 25(OH)D₃, 1,25(OH)2D3, LL-37 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in periodontitis patients with well-controlled type-2 diabetes (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-six well-controlled T2DM patients with periodontitis and Vitamin D insufficiency (Vit.D-IS group), and 15 well-controlled T2DM patients with periodontitis and Vitamin D sufficiency (Vit.D-S group) were included. Papilla bleeding index, bleeding on probing (BOP), supragingival plaque, clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated. GCF total amounts of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D3, LL-37 and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. Serum 25(OH)D₃ levels were determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole mouth CAL and BOP scores were higher in the Vit.D-IS group than those of Vit.D-S group (P=0.038, P=0.048, respectively). Whole mouth PD and plaque values were comparable in both groups. Differences were not detected in GCF 25(OH)D₃, 1,25(OH)2D3, LL-37 and TNF-α levels between Vit.D-IS and Vit.D-S groups. Serum 25(OH)D₃ levels were adversely associated with CAL and BOP scores (P=0.018, P=0.049, respectively). Also, GCF 1,25(OH)2D3 total amounts were positively related with GCF LL-37 total amounts (P=0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum 25(OH)D₃ insufficiency was related to periodontal inflammation and destruction in periodontitis patients with well-controlled T2DM. However, GCF 25(OH)D₃, 1,25(OH)2D3, TNF-α and LL-37 total amounts were not correlated with serum vitamin D levels. We have opinion that obtaining and maintenance of periodontal health should be included in the diabetic treatment protocol in Vitamin D deficient patients with periodontitis and well-controlled T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"298-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of plaque disclosing agents on the color stability of different restorative materials: in vitro study.","authors":"İnci Menekşe, Ümit Begüm Efes","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261729238","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261729238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two plaque disclosing agents on the color stability of four different restorative materials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared for each material: Z250 (3M ESPE), Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer), Estelite Universal Flow Medium (Tokuyama Dental Corporation Inc.), and Beautifil II (Shofu Inc.). Baseline color measurements were conducted using the VITA Easyshade Compact after numbering the specimens and immersing them in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Two plaque disclosing agents were applied to the specimens: Mira-2-Ton (Hager & Werken) to 10 specimens and ProPind plaque indicator gel (Promida Co.), containing erythrosin dye, to the remaining 10 specimens. Ten seconds after the application, each specimen was rinsed under running water for 30 seconds and air-dried. Color changes in the specimens were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The color changes were perceptible (ΔE00 > 0.8) in all experimental groups. Clinically unacceptable color changes (ΔE00 >1.8) were observed in all groups following Mira-2-Ton application, with Charisma Diamond exhibiting the highest color change (7.18 ± 2.65) and Z250 the lowest (2.98 ± 1.13). In contrast, all groups stained with ProPind gel showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00 <1.8), with no statistically significant differences among materials (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plaque disclosing agents can significantly impact the color stability of restorative materials. Understanding the chemical composition of plaque disclosing agents is essential for clinicians to ensure the long term aesthetic stability of restorative materials. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the underlying mechanisms of discoloration caused by disclosing agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of firings on the lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate dental ceramics for CAD-CAM procedures.","authors":"Pedro Giorgetti Montagner, Antonio Marcos Montagner, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261631872","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261631872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to verify the effect of multiple firing cycles on lithium disilicate and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty discs measuring 12 mm x 1.2 mm made with IPS E.max CAD (n=30) or Vita Suprinity (n=30) ceramic systems were divided into 3 subgroups submitted to 2, 3 or 5 firing cycles (C2, C3, and C5, respectively). Surface roughness, gloss, biaxial flexural strength, and Vickers hardness were evaluated, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For surface roughness, Suprinity showed a significant decrease at C5 (p<0.05). For gloss, there was no statistical interaction and C5 showed higher gloss value for both ceramics (p>0.05). For flexural strength, Suprinity showed significant increase (p<0.05) and IPS E.max CAD decreased significantly at C5 (p<0.05). For Vickers hardness, there was no statistical interaction and hardness decreased at C5 for both ceramics (p>0.05). IPS E.max CAD showed no morphological difference while Suprinity showed micro irregularities for C5 in the SEM analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Firing cycles promoted better effect on roughness and biaxial flexural strength parameters for the Suprinity compared with IPS E.max CAD. Both ceramics showed negative effects on the morphological aspect of the crystalline matrix and similar gloss or hardness values.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of manual and mechanical glide path preparation on surface defects of nickel-titanium rotary instruments.","authors":"Merve Gökyar, İdil Özden, Ecem Azgari, Hesna Sazak Öveçoğlu","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261778084","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261778084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments are widely used for root canal preparation (RCP) but remain prone to fracture partly due to surface defects. Glide path preparation (GPP) may reduce stress and fatigue, improving procedural safety. This study evaluated the effects of manual and mechanical GPP on surface defects compared with no GPP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Endodontic access cavities were prepared in sixty extracted mandibular molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to each of the following groups (n = 20). Group 1: GPP with a #13.02 rotary glide path file (C Path File, Fanta Dental, Guangdong, China), Group 2: GPP manually with a #10.02 stainless steel K-File (EndoArt K Files, İnci Dental, Türkiye), Group 3 (Control): No GPP. Mesibuccal canal of each tooth was shaped with an unused 10.04 NiTi rotary file (Smart Gold, İnci Dental, Türkiye) which was sterilized and imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after RCP. The images were compared in terms of flute disruption, microcracks, tip deformation, blade distortion, surface pitting, as well as fractures by using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test and Pearson's Chi-square test, with the level of significance set at 5% (α = 0.05) for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tip deformation was the most frequent baseline defect, with no significant intergroup difference (p>0.05). After RCP, microcracks were more common in the no GPP group (p=0.031). Significant differences were observed in blade distortion (p<0.001), surface pitting (p=0.005), and fracture formation (p=0.002). Both manual and mechanical GPP significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both manual and mechanical GPP significantly reduced surface defects on NiTi rotary instruments compared with no GPP. No significant difference was found between the manual and mechanical techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"311-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of microtensile bond strength to dentin and adhesive layer thickness of a new generation two-bottle universal adhesive.","authors":"Ahmet Özlü, Gülşah Tonga, Hüseyin Hatırlı","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261852732","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261852732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immediate and aged microtensile bond strengths (μTBS) and pre-aging adhesive layer thicknesses of G2-Bond Universal, a novel two-bottle universal adhesive, with those of the gold-standard two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) and one-step universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three adhesive systems (n=10 teeth per group). After standardized dentin surface preparation, adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' protocols, followed by incremental composite build-up. Specimens were sectioned to obtain rectangular prism-shaped sticks (1 mm² cross-sectional area), which were allocated to immediate and 6-month water aging subgroups (n=90each). μTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Adhesive layer thickness was assessed on 90 pre-aging sticks via scanning electron microscopy, with measurements performed using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA for μTBS and one-way ANOVA for adhesive thickness, followed by Tukey's HSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aging showed no statistically significant effect on μTBS (p>0.05). Clearfil SE Bond exhibited the highest µTBS values, significantly outperforming G-Premio Bond (p<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed compared with G2-Bond Universal (p>0.05). G2-Bond demonstrated the thickest adhesive layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The thicker adhesive layer of G2-Bond may enhance its mechanical resilience and clinical durability under functional stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"319-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective use of dynamic navigation for anatomically challenging immediate loading of all-on-four implants: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Karen Supply, Simon Corthals, Araceli Diez-Fraile","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261864559","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261864559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Edentulism compromises oral function and quality of life. The All-on-4 concept offers a fixed alternative to conventional dentures under immediate loading. However, evidence on outcomes in anatomically challenging arches, particularly with dynamic navigation, remains limited. This study reports early clinical and radiographic outcomes, and the feasibility, of immediate-loading all-on-4 in a real-world setting using an anatomy-driven allocation strategy with freehand and navigation workflows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included consecutive patients treated between November 2023 and February 2025. Dynamic navigation was selectively applied in unfavorable arches; freehand surgery was used otherwise. Four implants per arch supported screw-retained provisional prostheses delivered within 24-36 hours. Primary outcomes were implant and arch-level survival and marginal bone level (MBL) change. Secondary outcomes included complications and provisional prosthesis survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients (23 arches; 92 implants) were analyzed: 13 arches freehand and 10 navigation. Median follow-up was 5.11 months. Five implants failed (5.43%), all in the maxilla, affecting four arches (one navigation, three freehand). Implant survival was 94.23% (freehand) and 95.00% (navigation). MBL change was negligible, consistent with early remodeling and measurement variability. Biological complications occurred in 8 implants (8.70%), and two provisional fractures were repaired; 22 of 23 prostheses remained functional (95.65%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate-loading All-on-4 with selective navigation achieved high short-term implant and prosthesis survival and minimal MBL variation. These findings support the feasibility of navigation in demanding arches in routine practice, warranting confirmation in prospective studies with longer follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of different irrigant activation methods in the elimination of bacteria colonizing in dentin tubules.","authors":"Şeyba Sara Mansuroğlu, Tamer Taşdemir, Tuba Dinçer, Celal Kurtuluş Buruk, Ümit Uzun, Tuğba Koşar","doi":"10.26650/eor.20261786885","DOIUrl":"10.26650/eor.20261786885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this ex vivo study was to investigate the effects of 5 distinct irrigant activation systems on bacterial colonization within dentinal tubules utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared using resiprocal instruments. The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks and the root canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. Root canals were irrigated using five different irrigant activation methods: standard needle irrigation, IrriFlex, EDDY, Endoactivator, and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Horizontal sections, 1 ± 0.1 mm in thickness, were obtained at distances of 2, 5 and 8 mm from the apical end of the teeth. Sections were visualized using a CLSM. The penetration depth of dead bacteria was measured to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the irrigant activation systems. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PUI showed significantly greater penetration depth of dead bacteria in both the coronal and apical thirds compared to the other experimental groups (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although a statistically significant reduction in bacteria was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control, the canal disinfection was not complete in any of the groups. According to our results, standard needle irrigation had the lowest disinfection efficiency, while PUI demonstrated the highest among the evaluated activation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":41993,"journal":{"name":"European Oral Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}