{"title":"Work Standardization in Lean Manufacturing for Improvement of Production Line Performance in SME","authors":"Md. Shahidul Islam, Shamsuddin Ahmed","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.6881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.6881","url":null,"abstract":"Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy and production system that provides all humanly conceived soft technology to remove waste in any production line. One of the requirements of lean is work standardization. Work standards impose a 'rule of law' in a production line by restricting operators to how long they should work on a single unit. The standards consist of the standard workflow, standard work time, and standard quantity that must be adhered to to meet the customers' demands. The main objectives of this study were to improve the performance of a production line, say SW660 x 600, in terms of weekly output, lead time, and work-in-process (WIP). By applying certain lean elements to the production line, this work indeed improved the performance of the production line. In this work, 5S, PDCA cycle, SPC, and VSM tools were used together to solve the production line problems systematically. It was noticed that the low weekly output and long cycle time at each workstation resulted in delays in the delivery of products to customers. The study managed to increase the weekly output from 61.75 per week to 128.75, an improvement of more than 108.50 percent. Next, in terms of lead time, with the help of a simulation exercise, this work also managed to reduce the lead time from 5 to 1 hour, a reduction of 80 percent. Lastly, the WIP also recorded a reduction from an average of 17 to 9 units weekly, which was an improvement of 47 percent on the weekly WIP. Therefore, this work showed that with the introduction of work standards on the production line, the organization could meet the customers' demands and deliver on time as promised. The study can also be used in other production lines of this and other organizations to help improve their production line performance in the long run.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Salman Haque, Istiak Ahmed Ovi, Farah Samsi Prome, Anika Hossain
{"title":"Impact of Water Absorption on Tensile Strength: A Comparative Study of Jute Fiber Composites with Various Fiber Content","authors":"Mohammad Salman Haque, Istiak Ahmed Ovi, Farah Samsi Prome, Anika Hossain","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.114124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.114124","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on replacing environmentally harmful synthetic materials with natural, renewable, and biodegradable jute fibers in Bangladesh. The hand-layup method incorporates Long jute fibres unidirectionally in an epoxy resin matrix. The primary goal of this research is to examine the effects of different fiber volume fractions on the tensile strength of the composite and how that strength is affected by the composite’s water absorption behavior following two months of weathering in water. The reduction in the tensile strength of weathered samples is attributed to the loss of fibres' structural integrity upon water absorption compared to raw samples. After being exposed to the water, the tensile strength of a 5% fiber composite sample drops by around 16.43%, whereas an epoxy sample with 15% fiber reinforcement drops by about 28.93%. The interactions between the fibers and the epoxy matrix, as well as the morphology of the fibers following fracture, were analyzed by SEM for both raw and weathered samples. Fiber-matrix debonding and fiber swelling due to water absorption and voids are observed in weathered specimens, whereas perfect fiber-matrix bonding is evident in raw composites.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzana Akter, Kazi Ahasan Ekram, Md. Araful Hoque, Mohammad Joynal Abedin
{"title":"An Assessment of Solar Micro-Grid System in the Islands of Bangladesh for Sustainable Energy Access","authors":"Farzana Akter, Kazi Ahasan Ekram, Md. Araful Hoque, Mohammad Joynal Abedin","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.3142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.3142","url":null,"abstract":"The isolated islands in the northern Bay of Bengal face difficulties accessing electricity from the central grid and use fossil fuel-based generators, which causes health risks, environmental damage, and high expenses. So, this study aims to replace these fossil fuel-based power sources with Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) microgrids to provide continuous power to remote islands and contribute to reducing emissions. A specific location on the island of Manpura is selected for the SPV plant installation, considering land availability and vulnerability to erosion. Solar power density and other technical parameters such as Direct Normal Irradiation, Global Horizontal Irradiation, Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation, Global Tilted Irradiation, the optimum tilt angle of Photovoltaic (PV) modules, air temperature, and terrain elevation are analyzed using some prominent online analytical tools named “Global Solar Atlas (GSA)”, “Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS)” etc. Based on these datasets, a 10kW ground-mounted PV system using monocrystalline silicon solar panels is designed for off-grid operation. The developed system can generate 14.808 MWh of energy per year. This design’s environmental and social impacts are critically analyzed considering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Compared with conventional energy sources, the results show that the 10kW microgrid SPV system can reduce CO2 emissions by 284 tons. Financial analysis shows the recovery period of the investment based on electricity production at around 8.8 years, making solar PV microgrids a viable option for remote areas like Manpura Island.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Designed Prototype of a Motor Coupled Variable Inertia Flywheel System","authors":"Syed Munimus Salam, Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.6272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.6272","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of a substantial moment of inertia in a flywheel poses challenges at the initiation of rotation in a rotating machine. During stable operation at high velocities, several energy-saving advantages can be efficiently attained, allowing for the potential of achieving adequate energy savings in specific applications. One potential solution to address this issue is the implementation of a flywheel that possesses the ability to modify its moment of inertia. While it is possible to derive the concept of variable inertia by adjusting the radii of the masses in relation to the axis of the flywheel, the techniques employed to regulate the variable inertial flywheel are rather intricate. This study presents an implementation of a variable inertia flywheel system coupling with electrical machinery to reduce power consumption. The main objective of the study is to reduce energy consumption utilizing variable inertia flywheel. Under various motion scenarios, the advanced machine’s dynamic reaction is examined. Finally, a standard testing method demonstrates almost ninety seven percent similarity between an analytical and practical analysis.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khairul Nizam Suhaimin, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood, Al Amin Mohamed Sultan, Zuhriah Ebrahim, Halimaton Hakimi, Syafiq Aziz
{"title":"Human Centric Approach in Smart Remanufacturing for End-Life-Vehicle (ELV)’s Stabilizer Bar","authors":"Khairul Nizam Suhaimin, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood, Al Amin Mohamed Sultan, Zuhriah Ebrahim, Halimaton Hakimi, Syafiq Aziz","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.112","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to develop a new recommended human-centric framework for the smart remanufacturing of End-Life-Vehicle (ELV)s stabilizer bars to enhance worker experiences. The human-centered method has been applied in various applications since its introduction. Still, there has been little consideration of worker experience challenges in developing the smart remanufacturing of ELV’s stabilizer bar concept. Data were analyzed using a regression model to evaluate the six hypotheses to generate the human-centric model. According to the research, five aspects of the human-centric model strongly correlate with worker experience: emotional, cognitive, intellectual, confidence and trust. However, only one aspect, behaviour, did not significantly correlate with worker experience. As a result, the conceptual framework excludes the minor aspect of worker experience in human-centric design. Recognizing the importance of smart remanufacturing of ELV’s stabilizer bar, this model is expected to be used as guidance to build a smart remanufacturing of ELV’s stabilizer bar system that specifically responds to human needs.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Behaviors of the Single Crystal Two-Dimensional Silicon Carbide (SiC): A Molecular Dynamics Insight","authors":"Tipu Sultan, Jahirul Islam, Md. Mehidi Hassan","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.102113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.102113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the two-dimensional silicon carbide (2D-SiC), which has an excellent opportunity to be used as an alternative to graphene in nanotechnologies such as in nanoelectronics, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nano-sensors, nano-energy harvesting devices, and nano-composites due to its unique structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Their mechanical properties characterize the stability of the nanodevices. This study performs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the mechanical properties based on optimized Tersoff potential of the single crystal 2D-SiC at different temperatures, strain rates, point vacancies, and edge cracks. At room temperature (300 K), the obtained elastic modulus and fracture strength are 423 GPa and 68.89 GPa, respectively, along the armchair direction. As the temperature rises from 100 K to 800 K, the fracture stress falls by 21.96% and the fracture strain by 36.90%. An approximate linear reduction in fracture strength is noticed as the temperature rises from 100 K to 800 K. The elastic modulus also falls as the temperature rises but is not significant. Although the elastic modulus is unchanged, the fracture stress increases by 1.84% while the fracture strain increases by 5.84% for a change in strain rate from 0.0001 ps-1 to 0.005 ps-1. The fracture stress and strain are significantly reduced, primarily due to the edge crack, as the concentration of point vacancy grows from 0.1% to 0.6% and the edge crack size increases from 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm. Moreover, anisotropic behavior is also evaluated at 300 K temperature and 0.001 ps-1 strain rate. These findings would offer a deep understanding of the fracture mechanics of 2D-SiC and also help to address the mechanical instability issue with SiC-based nanodevices.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of Bioink for Hydrogel Printing in Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Abernice Ann Abert, Masni-Azian Akiah","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.4350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.4350","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a significant advancement in tissue engineering as it enables the printing of relevant scaffolds used for tissue repair and treating conditions like organ failure. However, printing soft biomaterials has been a major challenge due to their susceptibility to gravitational collapse. A GelPrint Scaffold method for hydrogel preparation was developed to overcome the obstacle. It provides a solution by holding the soft biomaterials in a gelatin slurry support bath during printing, polymerizing the biomaterial for crosslinking for a well-structured scaffold build-up. The bioprinting process of the alginate scaffold was conducted using a customized liquid extruder attached to a commercial 3D printer. The pores of the crosslinked printed structures were measured to identify the susceptibility of the scaffold for cell culture. The results demonstrated that the approach successfully fabricated 3D printed alginate scaffolds, approximately 90% similar to the Computer-aided design (CAD) design dimension, which has the potential to be applied to various tissue engineering applications. These scaffolds hold great promise for various tissue engineering applications, indicating the potential of the adapted bioink preparation method in advancing the field of regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Na’aim Abd Rahim, Mohd Shukor Salleh, Sivarao Subramonian, Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Kamal, Salah Salman Al-Zubaidi
{"title":"Influence of Graphene on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composite","authors":"Mohammad Na’aim Abd Rahim, Mohd Shukor Salleh, Sivarao Subramonian, Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Kamal, Salah Salman Al-Zubaidi","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.7383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.7383","url":null,"abstract":"The constraints of conventional aluminum alloys have prompted the investigation of strengthening substances such as carbon nanotubes and graphene fillers. The improved composite exhibits suitability for applications in the automotive and aviation industries. Graphene's popularity stems from its high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness, making it ideal for mechanical, thermal, and microstructural applications. This research varied concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composites. A stir casting process was employed to create a graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composite using A356 aluminum alloy. A designed experiment (DOE) investigated the impacts of graphene concentration and suitable heat treatment time on the aluminum composite. Subsequently, the specimens underwent heat treatment and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were examined using a universal testing machine. The best aluminum matrix composites were produced with 0.9wt% graphene and 180 minutes of heat treatment. These parameters resulted in a microstructure with refined grains evolving from dendritic to rosette. The grains became closely packed, and reduced porosity was observed. As a result, the mechanical properties were enhanced, with a maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 250 MPa and a fracture elongation of 6%. The findings indicate that graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) concentration significantly influences the mechanical characteristics of the composite. Tensile and yield strength increase with GNP concentration, but higher concentrations reduce the composite's ductility. These insights contribute to optimizing GNP-reinforced composites and developing innovative materials with superior mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahin Muntasir, Razia Khan Sharme, Mohammad Borhan Uddin, Mohammad Salman Haque, Fahim Khan
{"title":"Modeling Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Solidified Al-Sn-Cu System","authors":"Mahin Muntasir, Razia Khan Sharme, Mohammad Borhan Uddin, Mohammad Salman Haque, Fahim Khan","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.84101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.12.1.84101","url":null,"abstract":"In this study,three samples were created using gravity die casting, i.e.,two modelsof immiscible alloys, Alloy1 (Al-12wt.%Sn-8wt.%Cu) and Alloy2 (Al-20wt.%Sn-10wt.%Cu),along with a control sample of pure Al.These gravity die-cast samples,homogenized at 700°Cfor 2hours,are analyzed formechanical properties and microstructures.Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the changes in the Al-Sn-Cu solidified system resulting from the addition of specific alloying elements. Both Alloy1 and Alloy2 showed better mechanical properties than the control sample of pure Al. The tensile strength of Alloy2 shows a decrease from 110.878 MPato 105.750 MPacompared to Alloy1. However, there isan increase in the yield strength from 30.239 MPa to 32.362 MPa when the addition of tin exceeds 12% and copper exceeds 8%, respectively, which might be because of the alpha-phase solid solution’s interdendritic region that produces lattice strains.The impact resistance and ductility of the alloy are compromised as the hardness increases with the addition of more alloying elements. Alloy2 exhibited the highest hardness at 50.92 HB. The Brinell hardness values suggest these alloys arepotential candidatesto replace antifriction bronzes. However, hard CuAl2 is produced at the grain boundaries when copper percentages are increased, reducingthe impact properties. The effects of different alloying constituents and melt treatment on the microstructural control of Al-Sn-Cu solidified alloy werealso studied. The aluminum matrix with a semi-continuous network (reticular) distribution of tin on the grain boundary was observed. The grain size gradually decreased from 19.65 μm to 16.94 μm and became more equiaxed for Al-20wt.%Sn-10wt.%Cu than Al-12wt.%Sn-8wt.%Cu. The bond between tin and matrix improved with the increasing alloying element. The data obtained from this experiment will undoubtedly contribute to future research in this field","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Mohaimenul Islam, Abu Shadat Muhammad Sayem, Muhammed Kamrul Islam
{"title":"Investigating the Energy Absorption Characteristics of the Tropical Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Inspired Sandwich Panel","authors":"Syed Mohaimenul Islam, Abu Shadat Muhammad Sayem, Muhammed Kamrul Islam","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm/12.1.5161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm/12.1.5161","url":null,"abstract":"Different biological systems and objects have existed in nature in a best-fitted way for millions of years under various environmental conditions. These objects, with their extraordinary features, can be the design inspiration for engineers and scientists. Energy absorption characteristic is an important parameter for structures that safeguard human life and precious goods from accidental loading conditions. Moreover, sandwich panels, known for their excellent weight-to-stiffness ratio, are widely used for tailoring this purpose. In this study, a bio-inspired sandwich panel has been developed, drawing inspiration from the spiky structure of the outer shell of the tropical Jackfruit. The energy absorption characteristics and some other parameters are investigated using a computational approach and compared with two other types of structures (i.e., solid and hollow structures). The computational approach primarily entails a nonlinear static analysis that emulates a quasi-static compression test. Compared to the solid structure, the proposed biomimetic structure exhibits a mass and volume reduction of approximately 82% and 83%, respectively. The densification strain is also higher than the solid one, which ultimately increases the effective crushing distance for the proposed structure. In addition, the energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA) of the proposed biomimetic structure are approximately 4 and 2.5 times higher than those of the hollow structure. However, further investigations are required to justify its feasibility as an efficient energy absorber.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}