Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780691208725-008
{"title":"6. The Principles of Open Democracy","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780691208725-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691208725-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132743407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.7
Hélène Landemore
{"title":"The Myth of Direct Democracy","authors":"Hélène Landemore","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the alternative to representative democracy sometimes defended by its democratic critics: direct (or unmediated) democracy. For all its appeal, direct democracy, whether face-to-face or enabled by new technologies, is not a viable solution to the problems of representative democracy because it is either feasible but normatively undesirable or, if it is defined in normatively desirable terms, entirely unfeasible. The chapter pushes back against three common beliefs: the Rousseauvian (originally Hobbesian) idea that sovereignty is essentially about having the final say; the historical claim that representation was rendered necessary by the size of mass societies; and the view of Classical Athens as the archetype of a direct democracy. It argues that direct democracy is a false alternative, one that is credible only if one accepts the mistaken Rousseauvian view of sovereignty as limited to having the final say — and a non-deliberative one at that. In the end, direct democracy is parasitic on non-democratic forms of agenda-setting and deliberation, or else must turn representative — i.e., involve a delegation of authority — to some degree. Even Classical Athens was not the paragon of “direct” democracy as it is often portrayed and functioned along broadly representative or proto-representative (though non-electoral) lines.","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.10
Hélène Landemore
{"title":"The Principles of Open Democracy","authors":"Hélène Landemore","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter builds on the previous chapters to sketch the alternative paradigm of “open democracy.” It first draws on a stylized contrast between Classical Athens and modern representative democracy. The chapter then theorizes a new model of democracy — open democracy — which layers new principles on top of the most normatively appealing ones found in the previous models, expanding the scope of some principles and occasionally replacing or reformulating others entirely. It goes on to offer a list of five core institutional principles. These include participation rights, deliberation, the majoritarian principle, democratic representation, and transparency. These principles are supposed to inform institutional design without over-determining it.","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134352944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.8
Hélène Landemore
{"title":"Legitimacy and Representation beyond Elections (Part Two)","authors":"Hélène Landemore","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes a non-electoral form of democracy that is both representative and deliberative. It first questions the tight identification between democratic, legitimate, and electoral representation, briefly exploring the historical and conceptual reasons behind this intuitive identification. The eighteenth-century electoral theory of consent is, despite its intuitive appeal, confused and sufficiently unsatisfactory to justify trying to move past it conceptually. The chapter then defends its use of a new concept of “democraticity” as distinct from legitimacy. It also looks at a form of democratic representation that is the most promising alternative to electoral representation, namely “lottocratic representation.” Finally, it considers another alternative — self-selected representation — whose democratic credentials come from its spatial openness to all, which renders it all-inclusive by default, and from the (formal) equality of opportunity to participate that characterizes it.","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691181998.003.0002
Hélène Landemore
{"title":"The Crisis of Representative Democracy","authors":"Hélène Landemore","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691181998.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691181998.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the crisis of democracy. While this crisis can be attributed in part to specific empirical corruptions, which are themselves likely the result of contingent external shocks, the crisis of democracy can also be traced, more fundamentally, to an original design flaw: the restriction of democratic representation to “electoral” representation. The main problem is that representative democracy was designed on the basis of electoral premises that prevent even its best, most democratized contemporary versions from reaching the full potential of genuine “popular rule,” that is, a rule that empowers all equally. The chapter then looks at the internal problems to a core principle of representative government: the principle of elections. It also addresses the “realists'” objections that there is no crisis of democracy since representative democracy is working as intended.","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114278693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open DemocracyPub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.12
Hélène Landemore
{"title":"On the Viability of Open Democracy","authors":"Hélène Landemore","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crczs.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses some understandable worries about the feasibility and desirability of open democracy. It discusses the fact that the Icelandic constitutional process ultimately did not succeed in putting in place a democracy closer to the open democracy model this book advocates for; the issue of whether the size and heterogeneity of a country would get in the way; and the issue of the competence of non-elected representatives. The chapter then examines the risk of capture of open institutions by powerful bureaucracies and interest groups, as well as the possible illiberalism of more majoritarian institutions. It also considers the lack of accountability of a non- or less electoral democracy at the systems level and the possibly time-consuming nature of decision-making under open democracy. The chapter ends on a more general reflection about the transition from classically representative to open democracy.","PeriodicalId":419237,"journal":{"name":"Open Democracy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129164230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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