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Depreciation allowances for tax purposes in periods of less than a year 一年以内的计提折旧免税额
De Jure Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a11
R. Nel
{"title":"Depreciation allowances for tax purposes in periods of less than a year","authors":"R. Nel","doi":"10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a11","url":null,"abstract":"In tax legislation, a depreciation allowance is applied in three provisions and results in a reduction of taxable amounts. A depreciation allowance is calculated for the period an employer owned a vehicle prior to granting the right of use to an employee (paragraph 7(1) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act and section 10(13) of the Value-Added Tax Act) or the period an asset was leased prior to acquisition by the lessee (section 8(5)(bB) of the Income Tax Act). Both periods could consist of or include a period of less than a year. The uncertainty of interest in this article is whether a depreciation allowance should be disregarded or not when a period of less than a year is concerned. The tax implications, wording, and context of the three tax provisions were considered with due regard for the limited current guidance offered by the SARS. The findings of this article suggest that a taxpayer following current guidance in the application of all three tax provisions would not be correct. In line with current guidance relating to paragraph 7(1) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act, the depreciation allowance contemplated in section 10(13) of the Value-Added Tax Act should disregard a period of less than a year. Contrary to current guidance, the different context of the depreciation allowance contemplated in section 8(5)(bB) of the Income Tax Act is argued as affording the opportunity to apply the depreciation allowance when a period of less than a year is concerned. A depreciation allowance applied for a period of less than a year would result in a lower recoupment for inclusion in taxable income for normal tax purposes and, as a result, argued as beneficial to taxpayers.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77804618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The legacy of afrophobia and white supremacy in the plight of African migrants in South Africa 南非非洲移民困境中的非洲恐惧症和白人至上主义遗留问题
De Jure Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a12
Phenyo Sekati
{"title":"The legacy of afrophobia and white supremacy in the plight of African migrants in South Africa","authors":"Phenyo Sekati","doi":"10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2022/v55a12","url":null,"abstract":"A state of disaster, is, by definition, aimed at addressing widespread natural and/or public health issues faced by society and although the COVID-19 pandemic has instigated a worldwide state of disaster, it cannot be said that the effects thereof have been equally felt throughout the world, particularly within South Africa. Singularly, the plight of African migrants has worsened with many of them facing various human rights violations through increased social marginalisation and political exclusions. The marginalisation of African migrants in particular also brings to attention the different manifestations of Afrophobia and how this has led to the territorial exclusion of African migrants. This article seeks to discuss the parallels between the plight of African migrants in South Africa and the manifested ideologies of Afrophobia and White supremacy and proposes transformative constitutionalism and structural reform as remedies to the prevailing issues faced by African migrants in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72626289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An analysis s 5A of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 and its application to marriages concluded in terms of Islamic law 分析1979年颁布的《离婚法》及其对根据伊斯兰教法缔结的婚姻的适用
De Jure Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17159/2225-7160/2023/v56a1
M. Abduroaf
{"title":"An analysis s 5A of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 and its application to marriages concluded in terms of Islamic law","authors":"M. Abduroaf","doi":"10.17159/2225-7160/2023/v56a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2023/v56a1","url":null,"abstract":"There has (to date) been no legislation enacted by the South African government that fully recognises marriages concluded in terms of Islamic law (Islamic marriages) as well as the Islamic law consequences that flow from these marriages. Some South African Muslims have opted to conclude marriages in terms of South African law (civil marriages) in addition to their Islamic marriages. This could be referred to as dual marriages. The civil marriages as well as its consequences (not the Islamic law consequences) would then be fully protected in terms of South African law. It is quite interesting to note that s 5A of the Divorce 70 of 1979 authorises a court to refuse the granting of a civil divorce if either of the parties would not be free to remarry subsequent to the granting of the civil divorce. This article analyses how s 5A of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 applies to dual marriages. It looks at the impact of s 5 A of the Divorce Act on dissolution of dual marriages concluded by Muslims within the South African legal context. The dissolution of Islamic marriages within the South African legal context is looked at by way of introduction. The dissolution of a civil marriage within the context of a dual marriage (couple married in terms of Islamic law and civil law) is then looked at. The article concludes with an overall analysis of the findings and makes recommendations.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77070947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The No-Confidence Vote: A Real Form of Parliamentary Control or a Means of Political Destabilization 不信任投票:议会控制的真正形式或政治不稳定的手段
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/njyu2569
Adelina Valkova
{"title":"The No-Confidence Vote: A Real Form of Parliamentary Control or a Means of Political Destabilization","authors":"Adelina Valkova","doi":"10.54664/njyu2569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/njyu2569","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the legal framework of one of the classical forms of parliamentary control – the no-confidence vote – as the main way of engaging and realizing the political responsibility of the Bulgarian Council of Ministers. Its implications are considered in both legal and political terms. The mechanisms laid down by the fathers of the 1991 Constitution, which protect the government from unjustified early termination of its powers, are analyzed. The need for more transparency in the implementation of the controlling powers of the National Assembly is stressed upon.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80365762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Difference Between the Criminal Court’s Ability to Impose an Administrative Penalty and the Exemption from Criminal Liability Under Art. 78a of the Criminal Code 《刑法》第78a条规定的刑事法院行政处罚能力与刑事责任豁免的区别
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/ewnc9956
Atanaska Petkova
{"title":"Difference Between the Criminal Court’s Ability to Impose an Administrative Penalty and the Exemption from Criminal Liability Under Art. 78a of the Criminal Code","authors":"Atanaska Petkova","doi":"10.54664/ewnc9956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/ewnc9956","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, a new power was introduced into the jurisdiction of the criminal court, according to which the court should impose an administrative penalty when it finds that the act committed is not a criminal offence but constitutes an administrative offence. This legislative decision aims at speed and efficiency of the criminal process. The power of the court to exempt the offender from criminal liability by imposing an administrative penalty shall be exercised when the prerequisites for this are present, both in proceedings under the general procedure and in the course of the special procedure under Chapter Twenty-Eight of the Bulgarian Code of Criminal Procedure. The juxtaposition of the new power of the criminal court with its power to discharge criminal liability under Art. 78a of the Criminal Code is the subject of this article.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84719659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Instruments for International Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters Dating from the 1970s. Convention on the Transfer of Persons Sentenced to Deprivation of Liberty to Serve Their Sentence in the State of Their Nationality: Historical and Legal Aspects 1970年代以来刑事事项国际法律合作的新文书。关于将被剥夺自由的人移送其国籍国服刑的公约:历史和法律方面
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/szxi6946
Elena Vicheva
{"title":"New Instruments for International Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters Dating from the 1970s. Convention on the Transfer of Persons Sentenced to Deprivation of Liberty to Serve Their Sentence in the State of Their Nationality: Historical and Legal Aspects","authors":"Elena Vicheva","doi":"10.54664/szxi6946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/szxi6946","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the history, the nature and the philosophy behind the multilateral transfer agreement signed in Berlin on 19 May 1978 between some socialist countries including Bulgaria (the Berlin Convention). The last part of the article is devoted to the evaluation of the Berlin Convention and its relevance to the present day.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80221955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Agreement Between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Hellenic Republic on the Use of the Waters of the Mesta River (1996) 保加利亚共和国和希腊共和国关于使用梅斯塔河水域的协定(1996年)
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/uhlh3969
Ralitsa Tyutyundzhieva
{"title":"The Agreement Between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Hellenic Republic on the Use of the Waters of the Mesta River (1996)","authors":"Ralitsa Tyutyundzhieva","doi":"10.54664/uhlh3969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/uhlh3969","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the conclusion of the Agreement between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Hellenic Republic on the use of the waters of the Mesta River (1996). Attention is paid to the parliamentary debates arising from President Zhelyu Zhelev’s veto of the Law on Ratification of the Agreement. An analysis is carried out of Greece’s policy on both the specific issue, which is also interrelated with the opening of new border checkpoints, and the role Bulgaria’s southern neighbour plays as a member of NATO and the EU. It has been noted that Greece saw the need to support the development of democratic mechanisms and institutions that would lay the foundations for Bulgaria’s future EU membership and real commitment.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87245515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: Two Roads to One Common Goal 《欧洲人权公约》和《欧盟基本权利宪章》:通往一个共同目标的两条道路
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/uwgi8371
A. Valcheva
{"title":"The European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: Two Roads to One Common Goal","authors":"A. Valcheva","doi":"10.54664/uwgi8371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/uwgi8371","url":null,"abstract":"The established level of protection of basic human rights and freedoms is a key indicator of democracy and the rule of law in every European country. For decades, the Council of Europe, the European Union and the governments of the member states have pursued a consistent policy of creating and implementing various legal instruments to guarantee the fulfillment of this indicator. It is in implementation of this policy that the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU were adopted: two fundamental acts that fundamentally changed the legal systems of the countries in Europe. Although adopted in different systems, these two acts pursue a common goal: achieving real protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. This report presents a brief analysis of the stated common goal of the two acts and its practical implementation through the judicial activities of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the EU.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72653529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forensic Expertise 法医专家
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/ysbs7394
Ivan Vidolov
{"title":"Forensic Expertise","authors":"Ivan Vidolov","doi":"10.54664/ysbs7394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/ysbs7394","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the question of forensic expertise as an important source of information for criminal proceedings. On the basis of research into scientific literature and the practice of courts, its main characteristics are revealed, relating to its nature, types, conditions, and rules of application. On this basis, conclusions have been drawn about issues arising in procedural practice. All this has served as a reason for presenting recommendations for future improvements of the procedural and tactical organization of forensic expertise in order to increase its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86265760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
(R)evolution of the Concept of ‘Fixed Establishment’ in Bulgarian Tax Law? (R)保加利亚税法中“固定机构”概念的演变?
De Jure Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.54664/xzwj5983
Stoycho Dulevski
{"title":"(R)evolution of the Concept of ‘Fixed Establishment’ in Bulgarian Tax Law?","authors":"Stoycho Dulevski","doi":"10.54664/xzwj5983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/xzwj5983","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze to what extent the concept of ‘fixed establishment’ satisfies the practical trends in Bulgarian tax law. In this regard, attention is paid to both the theoretical aspects and the more intriguing and recent domestic case law. At the end, the author makes recommendations regarding the possible future of the concept.","PeriodicalId":41915,"journal":{"name":"De Jure","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77786896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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