Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna最新文献

{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF DOCTOR-PATIENT COMMUNICATIONS – AN APPLICATION OF THE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD","authors":"Éva Málovics, B. Vajda","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.023","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research on doctor-patient communication dates back for decades, and the current situation of its practical realization has been criticized in many studies at both nation and international level and is generally considered inefficient. Doctor-patient communication, embedded within the framework of the complex health care system is itself a complex subject. According to experts, in a networked society, the digitalization of information and communication changes the way people communicate and cooperate and predict significant changes in communication. The knowledge asymmetry between doctors and patients has decreased with the use of the Internet. Accordingly, our research question is how this phenomenon appears in doctor-patient communication in a Hungarian setting.In accordance with the complexity of the topic, we chose to use in-depth interviews and focus group interviews as a research method and analyzed them using the Grounded Theory method. Two focus groups were conducted in which both actors, doctors and patients appeared, and we conducted in-depth interviews with four doctors and ten patients. Subjects, in accordance with the Grounded Theory method, were selected by quality sampling. We had an interview guideline, but we deviated from it from time to time, which is allowed by our chosen research method.The characteristics of communication were interpreted according to the social psychological and functional model. According to our results, the traditional communication culture of healthcare is dominant in communication, doctors adhere to this, which today leads to a decrease in patient trust, which is attempted to be managed by patients with different strategies.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORGANIZED CRIME AND ITS IMPACT ON EUROPEAN SECURITY","authors":"Dominika Karwoth-Zielińska","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.015","url":null,"abstract":": Security and defence of its citizens are of the high importance of each state. Especially organised crime poses a major threat to the internal security and the fight against organized crime poses a serious challenge for the services of almost all countries. Organised crime syndicates are behind many serious crimes whose impact is felt on a global level. Criminal activities are no longer limited to one continent only -numerous organised crime groups are active in the EU, often with cross-border reach and multi-ethnic composition. These groups - with roots in Asian, American or African and also European regions- often attempt to influence the European law enforcement agencies, the courts, the media, public officials or politicians at various levels to ensure they're implementing their purposes. Organised crime finds itself particularly quickly in the environment and the spread of new technologies. The main areas of action of these criminal groups are production, smuggling, and drug trafficking, trafficking of human beings, human smuggling, arms trafficking, smuggling of excise goods, gambling, extortion racketeering, etc. Especially in nowadays Europe we are dealing with enormous threats to the European standard of civilizations which raises the question facing the future of Europe itself. Different views on the cultural specificities and European historical roots could cause perceived and real threats to identity. The lack of unanimity and different opinion about the concept of the nation and the sphere of competence of Member States of the EU between governments and politicians contribute to facilitating the operation of organised crime. In many countries the questions about values such as the centrality of the human being, freedom, respect for human rights, justice and solidarity and about the relationship between immigrants and host societies, even the confusion over immigration and crime arises. Any crisis and abolishing of western civilization's standards will let to chaos, threats to European stability and the spread of criminal activity.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116993426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LONG-DISTANCE RELATIONSHIPS AND MEDIA SELECTION","authors":"Paola Soto Herrera, R. Pugliese","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.038","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated long-distance relationships and media use. It surveyed individuals involved in long distance relationships to determine which media are most often used, whether they are more likely to use rich or lean media, and whether family, friends, and romantic partners differ in their selection of media. Instant Messaging, social media (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat), telephone (cellular, mobile, or landline), online video chat, online audio chat, SMS, and regular mail were the most popular media. Romantic partners were more likely than either family or friends to use Instant messaging, the telephone, audio chat, and video chat. Results provide support for Rich Media Theory within the context of long-distance relationships. Additional findings are presented.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116537230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OVERCOMING ROUTINE: A 21ST CENTURY SKILL FOR A 21ST CENTURY ECONOMY","authors":"U. Strunz, C. Chlupsa","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.040","url":null,"abstract":"Economic decision making is governed by complex problems. During complex problem solving, not all relevant information will be available to the decision-maker at first sight. Knowledge is derived from generally incomplete information and is accompanied by uncertainty. This can lead to falsely confirming one?s understanding of the true rules governing a complex problem. Bad choices can then lead to good outcomes, further strengthening a wrong mental model, eventually leading to inefficient strategies. The decision-maker can then either rely on old strategies or begin to gather new information, perform counterintuitive actions to override former rule knowledge and thus engage in non-routine problem solving. Curiosity might favor such behavior, as it is the recognition, pursuit and desire to explore uncertain and ambiguous events. To analyze the decision patterns of participants who are more successful in overcoming routine and to find possible correlations with curiosity, two hundred sixty-two US-American Mturks completed both a curiosity questionnaire and an experiment in the form of a cognitive puzzle game. High values in ?Joyous Exploration? were not associated with larger numbers of experimental decisions, while about 10 % of the participants who succeeded in obtaining true rule knowledge performed less experimental decisions, reported higher response times, but solved the experiment more efficiently. As shown, overcoming routine is an essential ?21st Century skill? in economic decision making that requires learning from unexpected feedback, benefits from reflection time and is shown to be a serious mental challenge.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERCEPTIONS OF FINAL YEAR INTERMEDIATE PHASE STUDENTS AT A SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR READINESS TO TEACH A SECOND LANGUAGE","authors":"C. Thornhill","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.044","url":null,"abstract":": The Teacher Standards in South Africa for Second Languages, other than English (DHET, 2018), expect graduate teachers to demonstrate that they understand the knowledge, skills and processes required to teach one or more of the other ten South African languages as a Second Language. According to these standards newly qualified teachers should demonstrate knowledge of home language acquisition and second language learning theories and related research findings. Teachers of Second Language should be able to recognize the reciprocal relationships between learners’ languages as resources for learning and development and also have a sound knowledge of, and proficiency in, the Second Language. Graduate teachers should possess knowledge of how sounds, vocabulary and grammar of the Second Language are taught and demonstrate the ability to use a range of instructional strategies and methods to support the development of literacy in the target language. Finally, the Second Language teachers should be able to source, design and use appropriate resources. These standards are aligned with Shulman’s (1987) seven major types of knowledge which should form part of any teacher’s repertoire. Bachman and Palmer (1996) argue that the second language teacher should have some level of linguistic proficiency in the target language. With the emphasis on the Fourth Industrial Revolution language teachers should also know how to facilitate computer-assisted language learning (CALL). The purpose of this study is to investigate final year Intermediate Phase (gr 4 – gr 6) student teachers’ perceptions of their own readiness, skills and knowledge to effectively teach Afrikaans, the second most spoken second language in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The study is a work in progress using a qualitative case study within an interpretivist paradigm. It is guided by Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s Community of Inquiry as theoretical framework. The preliminary findings point to some gaps in the current curriculum and student teachers’ knowledge. There is also a need to improve the student teachers’ proficiency in the target language.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114998134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLEXIBLE LEARNING – THE IMPORTANCE OF A VARIETY OF TEACHING METHODS TO GET STUDENTS TO BE ACTIVE IN THEIR LEARNING","authors":"Hafdís Björg Hjálmarsdóttir, Vera Kristín Kristjánsdóttir","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122654194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMICS AND LAW THROUGH THE PERSEPCTIVE OF CATHOLIC TEACHINGS","authors":"Henry J. Amoroso, Nathaniel Dvorozniak","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.002","url":null,"abstract":"Through Catholic social thought, examining justice as a means of an individual?s dignity, freedom, and the act of charity, it is to be considered that the infrastructure of law and economics is to be subject to reformation in purpose to pursue a more just societal order. The practice of these professions, specifically in jurisprudence terms, being the consideration of not what is but an examination of what should be, is considerably interrelated with the pedagogical functions of the catholic church and its history in teachings and functions as a global institution(s). The major principles subscribed to the notions of law and social theory serving as guidance to lawyers, judges, and policy makers is not an amoral practice which renders results regardless of social implications but in fact is a profession which examines the welfare of the state, the fundamental ideas of evil, right, and wrong. These notions transcend into the principled ideas and structures of both government and economic models, more broadly supporting an institution of free market activity which reaffirms man?s personal dignity to engage in a system which inspires responsibility, a wage in coordination with the meaning of justice, private ownership, and more which structures peace, concord and justice. This perspective of catholic thought requires a departure from conventional thinking and a greater adherence to catholic social teaching which regards safeguarding human rights as well as the dignity of an individual as the centerpiece and purpose of law and economics. Law and economics, through the prism of Catholicism, is an erection of societal order designed to advance the welfare of the common good. ?Economics and Law Through the Perspective of Catholic Teachings? intends to reposition the individual?s normative perspectives on the ideas of legality and economic arrangements and instead questions models of these practices in a manner which examines the freedom of man and women. By doing so and by introducing perspectives of law and economics in the catholic thought is to question the contemporary secular sectors of these professions. Residing on the proposition that society can benefit from the extension of social catholic teachings, this paper proposes that career professionals in the fields of law and economics be prescribed to a construction of influenced religious teaching that more effectively utilizes his or her position as a means to extend a greater sense of justice for all bound in the fabric of both America and the world.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133752180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPROACHING THE END OF APARTHEID: THE NEGOTIATION OF IDENTITY AND MEANING IN ATHOL FUGARD’S PLAYLAND","authors":"R. Lenz","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130650542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURE AND DURATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTROLESS NI-P COATING AND ITS COMPARISON WITH NI-P-W AND NI-P-CU COATINGS","authors":"S. Das, A. Biswas, P. Sahoo","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.005","url":null,"abstract":": Electroless nickel (EN) coatings are suitable for various surface engineering applications particularly which require protection against wear and corrosion. The advantages of electroless technique is that the coating is uniform and can be deposited over intricately shaped objects made of any material. Besides, the coating is inherently hard, wear resistant and corrosion resistant and can be further customized by suitable thermal processing or by incorporating a third element. The present work takes a cue from this and attempts to assess the effect of heat treatment temperature as well as heating period on hardness and tribological behavior of high phosphorus enriched electroless Ni-P (12 % wt. P), Ni-P-W (5.3 wt.% W) and Ni-P-Cu (16 wt.%Cu) coatings. All the three coatings are deposited on mild steel substrates and heat treated to 400°C for 1h and 4h duration. Phase transformation temperature (PTT) of the coatings are determined by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and they are found to lie in between 330-370°C. The coatings (both as-deposited and heat treated) are further characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the coatings are found to display the typical nodular morphology common to most EN coatings. Heat treatment temperature together with heating periods has profound effect on coating microstructure. Ni-P-W shows relatively higher hardness (Vickers’s) in as-deposited condition (616HV100) which further increases upon heat treatment. However, the maximum hardness is displayed by Ni-P coating (1347HV100) when heat treated at 400°C for 4 h. Heat treatment resulted is precipitation of harder nickel phosphide phases which increased the overall hardness of the coating. Prolonged heating at a constant temperature again resulted in diffusion of iron (from substrate) as well as oxide formation on the coating surface. In case of friction and wear evaluation, Ni-P-W exhibited the highest wear resistance when processed at 400°C for 4 h. Both heat treatment temperature and duration is also found to influence the tribological behavior of the coating. At longer heat treatment cycle under higher temperature, the friction and wear behavior of the coatings is governed by the formation of mechanically mixed layer of oxides, inter diffused iron and phosphides. The wear mechanism is also investigated by SEM of the coated samples post tribological test and is found to be both adhesive and abrasive in nature.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125627176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROE V. WADE AND THE APPOINTMENT OF JUSTICE KAVANAUGH TO THE SUPREME COURT","authors":"J. Fodor","doi":"10.20472/iac.2019.051.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.051.009","url":null,"abstract":"While Roe v. Wade (1973) is one of the landmark court cases of the 20th century, Norma Nelson McCorvey, the woman behind the case who has been catapulted to world ?fame? as Jane Roe, the plaintiff of Roe v. Wade, is much less well-known. Norma, a victim of abuse throughout her childhood, was struggling with addictions of alcohol and drugs. By age 21 she had given birth twice, and was pregnant for the third time. She was desperate to have an abortion, so she lied about having been raped in the hope that it would secure her the right to an abortion in the State of Texas where otherwise she would have been denied that choice. The Supreme Court?s verdict came too late for Jane Roe. She never got that abortion or any abortion for that matter in her lifetime, yet her name is inseparably coupled with women?s right to abortion in America. The US Supreme Court by a 7:2 ruling decided that state laws that ban abortion are unconstitutional. Could that decision be actually overturned if the number of conservative justices outnumbered that of the liberal justices?In my paper I intend to discuss how Jane Roe?s change of views on abortion and her request for a retrial of her case in 2004 by the US Supreme Court foreshadowed some of the most significant changes in the pro-life/pro-choice landscape. I will also touch upon the dynamics behind the fact that 45 years after the legalization of abortion in America Roe v. Wade was the most frequently mentioned case during the Senate Judiciary Committee?s Brett Kavanaugh hearings in 2018. Justice Kennedy, whose place on the Supreme Court was filled by Brett Kavanaugh, had been a swing vote on social issues, mostly voting in favor of abortion rights. President Trump, on the other hand, has ?long vowed to appoint justices who would reverse Roe and allow the states to determine whether abortion should be legal?. Throughout the hearings, Kavanaugh would consistently decline to confirm or deny if he would be willing to reverse Roe v. Wade.","PeriodicalId":419018,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 51st International Academic Conference, Vienna","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122724699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}