Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism最新文献

{"title":"The Working Definition of Antisemitism — A 2018 Perception","authors":"D. Porat","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-036","url":null,"abstract":"The Working Definition of Antisemitism1 (hereafter WDA) has become recently, during the last four years, a much discussed and debated topic, more than in former years, in national as well as international fora, due to the rise in antisemitic manifestations worldwide. Antisemitism is nowadays recognized as a problem that challenges governmental agencies as well as NGOs, and the WDA is recognized as one of the means to struggle against it. Therefore, let us first take a look at the WDA as a text, and try to pinpoint its characteristics and their relevance to the present debates; a history of the WDA and its evolvement will follow, and finally—a reference to its status and role, as seen in 2018.","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations regarding Educational Organizations and Institutions","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-031","url":null,"abstract":"Next to the Internet and academic research, education is another central important expression of the process of constructing meaning in culture. Much of what has been said about cultural decision makers and influencers applies to the decision makers and influencers of the educational world, too. The five steps of (1) assessment, (2) comprehending the problem, (3) awareness raising, (4) applying policies for combating antisemitism, and (5) adjusting these policies to particular institutions of academic research, are valid for the world of education as well, as outlined in the introductory and previous parts. Despite energetic efforts during the decades after the Second World War to minimize antisemitic incidents and discrimination, recent violent attacks against Jews have increased in many European countries, and hate speech and demonization of the State of Israel on the Internet and other electronic media are rampant. By use of social media, antisemitism has spread more quickly than previously and to a global constituency. Jews are targeted for no other reason than their identity, even in places where they are practically absent. Educational efforts to promote understanding and tolerance are seen as one way to counteract antisemitic attitudes that can develop into extremist ideologies. The recommendations following this section will deal with a variety of levels and kinds of education. Specifically, this set of recommendations will discuss aspects of elementary/primary education, high school, universities, religious education in various denominations, and the training of scholars, clergy, and religious professionals. There will be substantial overlap between what is applicable to one level to another. Nevertheless, these proposals should not be applied mechanically. The basic suggestions made here are predicated on the assumption that formal education is a major part of the formation of the attitudes and character of modern-day citizens. This process goes on from earliest daycare or nursery school through the highest degrees attained. Further, the issues raised here will apply in the education of students, more interested and less interested, whether they are affiliated with a religious tradition or not. While education is a key place for efforts to eradicate antisemitism, and while it is positive and should be encouraged, it cannot be regarded as a panacea. For this reason it is hoped that the spirit as well as the letter of the suggestions can be employed by those who shape the nature of the educational experiences of all of us. Holocaust education was once seen as a perfect solution to fight antisemitism, but it has proven to be only a partial remedy.While such ed-","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124324233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations regarding Organizations and Institutions of the Business World","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-039","url":null,"abstract":"The following section reproduces policy recommendations for governments, political organizations, as well as for institutions and organizations of the business world how to fight antisemitism. These were developed for the Catalogue of Policies to Combat Antisemitism1 and grew out of all research presented at the conference “An End to Antisemitism!” in Vienna, February 18–22, 2018. These studies pertain to the emergence and growth of antisemitism within the worlds of business, jurisprudence, policy and practical politics. They concern the effects of antisemitism within the mentioned areas and help to develop recommendations for the fight against it. The contributions in questions can be found in the previous section of this volume. Further articles that contributed to the recommendations presented below are published in volume 5 of the conference proceedings An End to Antisemitism!, forthcoming. Many companies engage in businesses that have nothing to do with antisemitism and antisemitic agitation, while others either accidentally or intentionally get involved with antisemitism. Examples of the latter include music labels, publishing houses, online bookdealers, online book repositories, social media platforms, etc. All companies and businesses, though, are bound to avoid any form of discrimination against their workforce or in their business dealings. The recommendations of this chapter thus concern mainly antisemitic discrimination and business practices that support antisemitism. The question of anti-Zionist boycotts of the State of Israel will be dealt with in detail below because, for the most part, the antisemitism inside the BDS movement can best be addressed by political and not by economic decision makers. There are various levels of decision makers and influencers in the business world and many of them could potentially have a significant impact on the fight against antisemitism. The recommendations of this catalogue, therefore, are addressed not only to top level managers and business owners but to all levels of management. Some recommendations regard not only businesses in the narrower sense but also decision makers responsible for the workforce of administrations and other institutions.","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126574729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counteracting Antisemitism with Tools of Law: An Effort Doomed to Failure?","authors":"Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-037","url":null,"abstract":"Antisemitism is an everlasting phenomenon—and while its manifestations keep changing over the ages, this “longest hatred,” as rightly emphasized by Robert Wistrich, refuses to give up and remains resistant to various attempts to counteract it.1 Debates over the most effective ways of combating antisemitism, racism, and xenophobia have been going on for decades, and legal instruments are very often floated as one potentially useful remedy.2 This approach, however, is frequently met with opposing voices arguing that offensive attitudes bred by hatred and discrimination based on race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion, so deeply rooted in social and historical contexts, do not lend themselves to legal definitions and should not be tackled with legal norms. When these debates are waged against the backdrop of the American doctrine of freedom of speech, one point that is obviously and immediately brought to the fore is that freedoms may be restricted by law in very few cases alone.3 This is very much unlike the situation in the member states of the Council of Europe, one fundamental reason for this being the impact the Holocaust had on the historical heritage of what is today a free Europe. The values and principles underpinning the European human rights protection system, which also rests on the European Convention on Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, call for legal steps to be taken against manifestations of hatred.4 Council of Europe member states are therefore required to counteract phenomena such as antisemitism with legal measures. However, when those values and principles are ostensibly disrespected and not applied, this may be seen as a breach of multiple fundamental rules all democratic states based on the rule of law must observe, and also as a mockery of law which, while duly promulgated and in force,","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130844161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the Imam of the municipal Drancy mosque Seine-Saint-Denis","authors":"Hassen Chalghoumi","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-016","url":null,"abstract":"I want to start my deliberation by emphasizing that there are four aspects to the question of Islamic antisemitism in particular and all forms of antisemitism in general. These four aspects mark four areas on which we should focus and for which we can develop solutions to combat antisemitism successfully. The first area is religious discourse, the second education, the third the internet and social networks, and the fourth politics and civil society.","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the AJC Director of International Jewish Affairs; Personal Representative of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office on Combating Anti-Semitism","authors":"Andrew Baker","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-010","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen years have passed since the OSCE held its first conference on antisemitism in June 2003, here in Vienna. It addressed specific matters relevant to antisemitism, including the importance of understanding and defining it, the need for education about Judaism and the Jewish community, and the value of promoting Holocaust education and remembrance. But the conference also spoke in general and comprehensive ways by offering recommendations. It underscored the obligation for governments to identify and monitor hate crimes, the need to train police and prosecutors, and the need to teach students about religion and religious communities generally. In that pre-social media era, the conference flagged concerns about the spread of hate on the internet and the responsibility of traditional media to avoid promoting intolerance.1 It offered the OSCE as a place for governments to share best practices and to prod its participating States to do more. Before the conference had come to an end, the German delegation stood up to propose that it host a follow-up conference in Berlin the following year. That conference and the Berlin Declaration that resulted from it were a milestone in efforts by the OSCE to tackle the problem of antisemitism. In carefully worded language, the conference began a process of defining antisemitism as it relates to Israel. The declaration spoke of antisemitism taking on “new forms and expressions,”2 and it made clear that incidents in Israel and the Middle East could never justify antisemitic attacks. It spelled out commitments for participating States and for the OSCE’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), including identifying","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115503498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the Chief Rabbi of Vienna, Austria (2016–2019)","authors":"Arie Folger","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel (2009–2018)","authors":"Natan Sharansky","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-012","url":null,"abstract":"There are many faces of the end to antisemitism—and many faces in the struggle. So it’s impossible to speak about all the faces. I’ll speak about one very important aspect: all the cooperation or coordination between Israel and Jewish communities in this struggle. First, as the head of the Jewish Agency Organization, which connects Israel with Jewish communities all over the world and helps those who want to make aliyah, let me mention a couple of very dramatic figures for Europe. A few years ago, after an awful terrorist attack in a Jewish school in Toulouse,1 I was there a couple of times, and it was so obvious that these children would have not been killed if there were minimal measures of defense in place. For example, if the electrical gates actually worked. Additionally, the cameras were fake, and this lonely terrorist who learned all this information from internet came a number of times and saw that it was possible to gain entry, and as a result there was a terrorist attack. After this attack, we checked and found that the school was too poor to spend money for its security. So the Jewish Agency created security funds for places, and we try to help, and give some minimal help to the communities which need this help to protect themselves. Of course, we are using our network and that of other Israeli agencies, like the foreign ministry, to make sure that we check that the funds which are needed are used correctly. Currently, we are deal-","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123549169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the Austrian Federal Minister for Education, Science and Research (2018–2019)","authors":"H. Fassmann","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131993755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Talk by the Director of the UNESCO Regional Bureau for Science and Culture in Europe, Venice","authors":"Ana Luiza Massot Thompson-Flores","doi":"10.1515/9783110618594-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110618594-013","url":null,"abstract":"I am very grateful for the opportunity to address the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in countering and preventing antisemitism and our efforts in preserving the legacy of the Holocaust. This topic sends us back to the founding of UNESCO, created in response to the horrors of the Second World War, in response to the Holocaust, and to all forms of racism and antisemitism yesterday, today, and tomorrow. UNESCO ’ s role, our core func-tion within the United Nations, is unique — we act on mentalities, we act by building the defences of peace in the minds of human beings, building a climate for dialogue, for human rights, and peace through education, culture, and sciences.¹ We advocate this approach because we believe that the ethical and political commitment against antisemitism and all forms of intolerance and discrimination must be founded on an intellectual effort to understand the roots of hatred to defuse the discourses that exploit ignorance.We strongly believe that knowledge is the most powerful tool for peace and that culture is our strongest weapon against hatred. This is why we are convinced that education and culture have become core security issues in today ’ s world.","PeriodicalId":418945,"journal":{"name":"Comprehending and Confronting Antisemitism","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114592704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}