Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society最新文献_第2页

Modelling and Influencing the AI Bidding War: A Research Agenda 建模和影响人工智能竞标战:一个研究议程

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314265

H. Anh, L. Pereira, T. Lenaerts

{"title":"Modelling and Influencing the AI Bidding War: A Research Agenda","authors":"H. Anh, L. Pereira, T. Lenaerts","doi":"10.1145/3306618.3314265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314265","url":null,"abstract":"A race for technological supremacy in AI could lead to serious negative consequences, especially whenever ethical and safety procedures are underestimated or even ignored, leading potentially to the rejection of AI in general. For all to enjoy the benefits provided by safe, ethical and trustworthy AI systems, it is crucial to incentivise participants with appropriate strategies that ensure mutually beneficial normative behaviour and safety-compliance from all parties involved. Little attention has been given to understanding the dynamics and emergent behaviours arising from this AI bidding war, and moreover, how to influence it to achieve certain desirable outcomes (e.g. AI for public good and participant compliance). To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a research agenda to develop theoretical models that capture key factors of the AI race, revealing which strategic behaviours may emerge and hypothetical scenarios therein. Strategies from incentive and agreement modelling are directly applicable to systematically analyse how different types of incentives (namely, positive vs. negative, peer vs. institutional, and their combinations) influence safety-compliant behaviours over time, and how such behaviours should be configured to ensure desired global outcomes, studying at the same time how these mechanisms influence AI development. This agenda will provide actionable policies, showing how they need to be employed and deployed in order to achieve compliance and thereby avoid disasters as well as loosing confidence and trust in AI in general.","PeriodicalId":418125,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131670468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

The Right To Confront Your Accusers: Opening the Black Box of Forensic DNA Software 与原告对质的权利:打开法医DNA软件的黑匣子

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314279

Jeanna Neefe Matthews, M. Babaeianjelodar, Stephen Lorenz, Abigail V. Matthews, Mariama Njie, Nathaniel Adams, D. Krane, Jessica Goldthwaite, Clinton Hughes

{"title":"The Right To Confront Your Accusers: Opening the Black Box of Forensic DNA Software","authors":"Jeanna Neefe Matthews, M. Babaeianjelodar, Stephen Lorenz, Abigail V. Matthews, Mariama Njie, Nathaniel Adams, D. Krane, Jessica Goldthwaite, Clinton Hughes","doi":"10.1145/3306618.3314279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314279","url":null,"abstract":"The results of forensic DNA software systems are regularly introduced as compelling evidence in criminal trials, but requests by defendants to evaluate how these results are generated are often denied. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence of problems such as failures to disclose substantial changes in methodology to oversight bodies and substantial differences in the results generated by different software systems. In a society that purports to guarantee defendants the right to face their accusers and confront the evidence against them, what then is the role of black-box forensic software systems in moral decision making in criminal justice? In this paper, we examine the case of the Forensic Statistical Tool (FST), a forensic DNA system developed in 2010 by New York City's Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME). For over 5 years, expert witness review requested by defense teams was denied, even under protective order, while the system was used in over 1300 criminal cases. When the first expert review was finally permitted in 2016, many problems were identified including an undisclosed function capable of dropping evidence that could be beneficial to the defense. Overall, the findings were so substantial that a motion to release the full source code of FST publicly was granted. In this paper, we quantify the impact of this undisclosed function on samples from OCME's own validation study and discuss the potential impact on individual defendants. Specifically, we find that 104 of the 439 samples (23.7%) triggered the undisclosed data-dropping behavior and that the change skewed results toward false inclusion for individuals whose DNA was not present in an evidence sample. Beyond this, we consider what changes in the criminal justice system could prevent problems like this from going unresolved in the future.","PeriodicalId":418125,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123884871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Degenerate Feedback Loops in Recommender Systems 推荐系统中的退化反馈循环

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314288

Ray Jiang, S. Chiappa, Tor Lattimore, A. György, Pushmeet Kohli

引用次数: 146

AIES 2019 Student Submission AIES 2019学生提交

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314318

Elija Perrier

引用次数: 0

A Formal Approach to Explainability 可解释性的正式方法

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314260

Lior Wolf, Tomer Galanti, Tamir Hazan

引用次数: 19

How We Talk About AI (and Why It Matters) 我们如何谈论人工智能(以及为什么它很重要)

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314225

Ryan Calo

引用次数: 3

Killer Robots and Human Dignity 杀手机器人和人类尊严

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314291

Daniel Lim

{"title":"Killer Robots and Human Dignity","authors":"Daniel Lim","doi":"10.1145/3306618.3314291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314291","url":null,"abstract":"Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) have become the center of an internationally relevant ethical debate. Deontological arguments based on putative legal compliance failures and the creation of accountability gaps along with wide consequentialist arguments based on factors like the ease of engaging in wars have been leveraged by a number of different states and organizations to try and reach global consensus on a ban of LAWS. This paper will focus on one strand of deontological arguments-ones based on human dignity. Merely asserting that LAWS pose a threat to human dignity would be question begging. Independent evidence based on a morally relevant distinction between humans and LAWS is needed. There are at least four reasons to think that the capacity for emotion cannot be a morally relevant distinction. First, if the concept of human dignity is given a subjective definition, whether or not lethal force is administered by humans or LAWS seems to be irrelevant. Second, it is far from clear that human combatants either have the relevant capacity for emotion or that the capacity is exercised in the relevant circumstances. Third, the capacity for emotion can actually be an impediment to the exercising of a combatant's ability to treat an enemy respectfully. Fourth, there is strong inductive evidence to believe that any capacity, when sufficiently well described, can be carried out by artificially intelligent programs.","PeriodicalId":418125,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115029407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Global Explanations of Neural Networks: Mapping the Landscape of Predictions 神经网络的全局解释:绘制预测的景观

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314230

Mark Ibrahim, Melissa Louie, C. Modarres, J. Paisley

引用次数: 78

Theories of Parenting and Their Application to Artificial Intelligence 育儿理论及其在人工智能中的应用

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314231

S. Croeser, P. Eckersley

{"title":"Theories of Parenting and Their Application to Artificial Intelligence","authors":"S. Croeser, P. Eckersley","doi":"10.1145/3306618.3314231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314231","url":null,"abstract":"As machine learning (ML) systems have advanced, they have acquired more power over humans' lives, and questions about what values are embedded in them have become more complex and fraught. It is conceivable that in the coming decades, humans may succeed in creating artificial general intelligence (AGI) that thinks and acts with an open-endedness and autonomy comparable to that of humans. The implications would be profound for our species; they are now widely debated not just in science fiction and speculative research agendas but increasingly in serious technical and policy conversations. Much work is underway to try to weave ethics into advancing ML research. We think it useful to add the lens of parenting to these efforts, and specifically radical, queer theories of parenting that consciously set out to nurture agents whose experiences, objectives and understanding of the world will necessarily be very different from their parents'. We propose a spectrum of principles which might underpin such an effort; some are relevant to current ML research, while others will become more important if AGI becomes more likely. These principles may encourage new thinking about the development, design, training, and release into the world of increasingly autonomous agents.","PeriodicalId":418125,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

On Influencing Individual Behavior for Reducing Transportation Energy Expenditure in a Large Population 大群体中影响个体行为以降低交通能源消耗的研究

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1145/3306618.3314271

Shiwali Mohan, Frances Yan, V. Bellotti, A. Elbery, Hesham A Rakha, M. Klenk

引用次数: 4