Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of probable cases of congenital Zika syndrome and dengue antibody levels, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico.","authors":"V. Cardenas, Jazmin Moreno-Perez, Karla Cabrera-Besares, Iris F Moreno-Lara, Sabino Morales-Arias, B. Salvatierra-Izaba, Victor De Dios Gomez, Pedro Palermo, Jeanette Obergozo, D. Watts","doi":"10.15517/psm.v20i1.48339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v20i1.48339","url":null,"abstract":"A case series of suspected cases of congenital Zika syndrome in a maternity hospital in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico was assembled to assess why they were not reported and explore the hypothesis of dengue antibody dependent Zika disease.  Clinical and imaging records, and interviews of a total of 13 of the cases revealed that only one of them was laboratory confirmed because appropriate specimens were not collected from the newborns as required by the case definition. 1) Microcephaly, 2) hypoplasia/hypogeneses, thinning or absence of brain structures, 3) multiple birth defects, 4) calcifications, and cysts, 5) meningocele/encephalocele and 6) hydrocephalus were found in 100%, 76.9%, 38.5%, 38.5%, 30.8%, and 23.1%, respectively. They clustered geographically, and 77% occurred within May 2016 to March 2017, and recalled or were told by a doctor they Zika fever. Using as referent a group of mothers who delivered normal newborns in the same hospital, and an 80% plaque reduction neutralization test for dengue virus 1 and 2, there was a four-fold increased risk of congenital Zika syndrome among those with dengue 1 antibody as compared to those with dengue 2 antibody (odds ratio = 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 20.5), reaching only borderline statistical significance.  The case definitions of congenital Zika syndrome used during the pandemic probably needed to be simpler to gain sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45145600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelación espacial bayesiana de la estructura de los hogares y la fecundidad en municipios de México","authors":"Gerardo Núñez Medina","doi":"10.15517/psm.v20i1.49927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v20i1.49927","url":null,"abstract":"El trabajo busca modelar el efecto de diferentes patrones de composición de hogares sobre los niveles observados de fecundidad en los municipios de México al año 2020, se trata de una investigación de tipo cuantitativo de cohorte transversal basada en la aplicación de métodos bayesianos espaciales. La hipótesis sostiene que la presencia de un mayor porcentaje de hogares familiares debería impactar en mayores tasas de fecundidad municipales. La metodología comprende la implementación de dos modelos gaussianos latentes. Un modelo nulo busca determinar si los patrones observados de fecundidad se asocian a algún mecanismo sociodemográfico o, al contrario, surgieron aleatoriamente, y otro modelo con covariables, cuyo objetivo es replicar el comportamiento de la fecundidad evaluando las consecuencias de la proporción de hogares nucleares, ampliados y compuestos presentes en los municipios. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la estimación del modelo nulo confirmaron la existencia de una relación directa entre el aumento del índice de hogares nucleares y ampliados y el de la fecundidad municipal. Sin embargo, se puede concluir que el nivel alcanzado de fecundidad de reemplazo es producto de marcadas diferencias entre municipios, originadas por la presencia de una tipología heterogénea de hogares inmersos en contextos geográficos, sociales y culturales dispares.  ","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution Increases Primates Brain Complexity Extending RbFOX1 Splicing Activity to LSD1 Modulation.","authors":"Chiara Forastieri, Maria Italia, Emanuela Toffolo, Elena Romito, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Valeria Ranzani, Beatrice Bodega, Francesco Rusconi, Elena Battaglioli","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1782-21.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1782-21.2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent branching (100 MYA) of the mammalian evolutionary tree has enhanced brain complexity and functions at the putative cost of increased emotional circuitry vulnerability. Thus, to better understand psychopathology, a burden for the modern society, novel approaches should exploit evolutionary aspects of psychiatric-relevant molecular pathways. A handful of genes is nowadays tightly associated to psychiatric disorders. Among them, neuronal-enriched RbFOX1 modifies the activity of synaptic regulators in response to neuronal activity, keeping excitability within healthy domains. We here dissect a higher primates-restricted interaction between RbFOX1 and the transcriptional corepressor Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). A single nucleotide variation (AA to AG) in <i>LSD1</i> gene appeared in higher primates and humans, endowing RbFOX1 with the ability to promote the alternative usage of a novel 3' AG splice site, which extends LSD1 exon E9 in the upstream intron (E9-long). Exon E9-long regulates LSD1 levels by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay. As reintroduction of the archaic <i>LSD1</i> variant (AA) abolishes E9-long splicing, the novel 3' AG splice site is necessary for RbFOX1 to control LSD1 levels. LSD1 is a homeostatic immediate early genes (IEGs) regulator playing a relevant part in environmental stress-response. In primates and humans, inclusion of LSD1 as RbFOX1 target provides RbFOX1 with the additional ability to regulate the IEGs. These data, together with extensive RbFOX1 involvement in psychiatric disorders and its stress-dependent regulation in male mice, suggest the RbFOX1-LSD1-IEGs axis as an evolutionary recent psychiatric-relevant pathway. Notably, outside the nervous system, RbFOX2-dependent LSD1 modulation could be a candidate deregulated mechanism in cancer.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> To be better understood, anxiety and depression need large human genetics studies aimed at further resolving the often ambiguous, aberrant neuronal pathomechanisms that impact corticolimbic circuitry physiology. Several genetic associations of the alternative splicing regulator RbFOX1 with psychiatric conditions suggest homeostatic unbalance as a neuronal signature of psychopathology. Here we move a step forward, characterizing a disease-relevant higher primates-specific pathway by which RbFOX1 acquires the ability to regulate neuronal levels of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1, an epigenetic modulator of environmental stress response. Thus, two brain-enriched enzymes, independently shown to homeostatically protect neurons with a clear readout in terms of emotional behavior in lower mammals, establish in higher primates and humans a new functional cooperation enhancing the complexity of environmental adaptation and stress vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":"13 1","pages":"3689-3703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89380194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inicio de la Dosimetría Biológica en Costa Rica y su importancia en la atención de poblaciones sobreexpuestas a radiaciones ionizantes","authors":"Luisa Valle Bourrouet, Fernando Ortiz Morales, Omar García Lima, Jorge Ernesto González Mesa, Andrés Chaves Campos, M.C. Rodríguez González, Melissa Abarca Ramírez","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.49210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.49210","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: el laboratorio de citogenética del Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica estableció un Servicio de Dosimetría Biológica en enero del 2020 utilizando biomarcadores citogenéticos de exposición a radiaciones ionizantes. Es el primero de su tipo en la región centroamericana. Objetivo: establecer un servicio de dosimetría biológica para Costa Rica, elaborando una curva de calibración dosis-efecto para rayos gamma. Metodología: para la realización de la curva de calibración se irradiaron muestras de sangre periférica in vitro con rayos gamma de dos voluntarios, uno femenino y otro masculino, en 11 puntos de dosis en el rango de 0 a 5 Gy. Se cultivó la sangre acorde a los protocolos internacionales durante 48 horas y se registraron las aberraciones inducidas. Los programas Dose Estimate V5.2 y R versión 4.03 se utilizaron para el cálculo de los coeficientes de la curva de calibración que correlaciona la frecuencia de cromosomas dicéntricos con la dosis. Resultados: los coeficientes de la curva son α: 0.02737±0.00658, ß: 0,05938±0,00450 y C: 0.00129±0.00084. Estos coeficientes tienen valores similares a los reportados internacionalmente. La curva se validó calculando dos dosis incógnitas, en la primera incógnita la dosis suministrada fue de 1,5 Gy y la dosis estimada fue 1,47 Gy y en la segunda la dosis suministrada fue de 4 Gy y la dosis estimada fue 3,616 Gy, para ambos casos no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dosis suministradas y las estimadas. Conclusiones: actualmente El Servicio de Dosimetría Biológica del INISA puede estimar dosis absorbida en personas que se sospecha de una sobre exposición a rayos gamma en personal ocupacionalmente expuesto o personas involucradas en un accidente radiológico.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of frailty and related factors of elderly people in Mexico.","authors":"Abigail Vanessa Rojas Huerta","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.46929","DOIUrl":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.46929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frailty is an indicator of health status in old age and a common clinical syndrome in older adults that carries an increased risk of poor health outcomes, including falls, incidents of disability, hospitalization, and mortality. This study aimed to identify the different trajectories of frailty and the factors related to frailty among Mexican older adults over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data are from a four-wave panel composed of older Mexican adults from 2001 to 2015 of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Frailty is the accumulation of deficits using a frailty index. A multilevel analysis, using hierarchical models, was applied to know the changes of frailty trajectories and what factors are related to it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being female, older, being widowhood, and having a lower level of education were risk factors for having a high frailty index and lower financial satisfaction doing activities at home have adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this work present information about the prevalence of frailty considering the proportion of deficits that individuals possess and their main associated components in older Mexican adults. It is necessary to improve socioeconomic health conditions in phases before old age to avoid developing frailty in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286518/pdf/nihms-1814192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40513888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentación","authors":"Melina Montero López","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.49444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.49444","url":null,"abstract":"El instituto de investigaciones en Salud de la Universidad de Costa Rica ha contribuido a fomentar la salud humana mediante la investigación científica, la docencia y la acción social desde 1974, cuando por recomendación del Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT) se plantea la creación de un instituto para investigar sobre la salud humana.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen concentrations in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica","authors":"C. Une, Wendy Malespín Bendaña, Vanessa Ramírez-Mayorga, L. Rosero Bixby, Rafaela Sierra Ramos","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.49405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.49405","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Costa Rica has among the highest mortality rates from gastric cancer in the world, largely due to late detection. It is therefore important that economically and logistically sustainable screening is implemented in order to detect risk of developing cancer. We have previously shown that low pepsinogen (PG) values and infection with Helicobacter pylori-CagA+ are associated with risk of gastric atrophy and cancer in Costa Rican populations.  OBJECTIVES: To determine how markers for gastric cancer risk are distributed in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica in order to design a screening strategy. METHODS: The population studied consists of 2,652 participants in a nationally representative survey of ageing. Information concerning epidemiologic, demographic, nutritional and life style factors is available. Serum PG concentrations as well as H. pylori and CagA status were determined by serology. Possible associations were determined by regression analyses. RESULTS: Antibodies to H. pylori were present in 72% of the population and of those, 58% were CagA positive. Infection with H. pylori was associated with higher PGI concentrations (p=0.000) and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ with lower PGI concentrations (p=0.025). Both showed association with lower PGI/PGII (p=0.006 and p=0.000). Higher age was associated with lower prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=0.98; p=0.000) and CagA+ (OR=0.98; p=0.000) but not with PG values. Regions with high risk of gastric cancer showed lower PGI (p=0.004) and PGI/PGII values (p=0.021) as well as higher prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=1.39; p=0.013) but not CagA+. Using cut-off values of PGI<100 µg/L and PGI/PGII<2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, 7-15% of the population would be considered at risk. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori alone is not a useful marker for risk of gastric cancer. Screening using serum pepsinogen concentrations and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ is feasible in the general elderly population of Costa Rica but appropriate cut-off values have to be determined based on more clinical data and follow up capacity.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud 45 años al cuidado de Costa Rica","authors":"Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.49443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.49443","url":null,"abstract":"El Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA), de la Universidad de Costa Rica, es una unidad multidisciplinaria que desde hace 45 años investiga en cuatro grandes campos: la genética humana, el cáncer, el envejecimiento y la interacción entre la nutrición y los procesos de infección.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49362394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodisponibilidad de fósforo en alimentos y su efecto en la enfermedad renal crónica","authors":"Eduardo Martínez Hernández, Rodolfo A. De La Luz Maya, María De Los Á. Ramírez Robledo, Gabriela K. Núñez-Murillo, Claudia Nelly Orozco González","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.46292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.46292","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: el objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en reconocer la importancia de las investigaciones que relacionan la biodisponibilidad de fósforo en diferentes grupos de alimentos de origen animal, vegetal e industrial y su efecto en la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Metodología: la revisión se sustentó en la búsqueda literaria en páginas web como PUBMED, Redalyc, SciELO, SCIHUB y Google Academic. Se seleccionó cada estudio, descartando aquellos que no fueran cuantitativos u originales, estuvieran incompletos, sin metodología clara, realizados en mamíferos o si los resultados no se especificaban en porcentajes. La lectura puso especial énfasis en el índice de biodisponibilidad de fósforo derivado del consumo de distintos productos alimenticios. Se elaboraron tres matrices de acuerdo con el origen del comestible y la biodisponibilidad de fósforo que absorbe el organismo. Resultados: se encontró que los alimentos industrializados y los aditivos muestran una biodisponibilidad de fósforo del     90 % al 100 %, los de origen animal del 40 % al 80 % y los de origen vegetal del 30 %. Conclusiones: los aditivos de los alimentos industrializados promueven la hiperfosfatemia y, con ello, aceleran la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica, a diferencia de los de origen animal y vegetal, menos perjudiciales para la salud. Esto da pauta a la formación del sector salud para ampliar su conocimiento sobre el tratamiento nutricional del paciente.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Una propuesta de política pública: programa de cultura de donación de órganos en Morelia, Michoacán, México","authors":"A. I. Zamora Torres, Yesica Díaz Barajas","doi":"10.15517/psm.v19i2.47453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v19i2.47453","url":null,"abstract":"El trasplante de órganos en nuestros tiempos es un procedimiento médico de rutina y, en muchos casos, representa la única alternativa para que los pacientes en listas de espera puedan continuar su vida. Pese a eso, la problemática en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, es similar a la presentada alrededor del mundo, pues la escasa cultura de donación de órganos impide a quienes la apoyan llevar a la práctica su deseo, porque, al momento de solicitar el consentimiento de donación post mortem prevalece un alto porcentaje de negativas familiares. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo diseñar una política pública desde un enfoque racional, utilizando la metodología del marco lógico, del cual resultó una propuesta de programa de cultura de donación de órganos post mortem en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, a fin de contrarrestar dichas negativas y potencializar las donaciones y los trasplantes de órganos.","PeriodicalId":41790,"journal":{"name":"Poblacion y Salud en Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42598590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}