Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0191
Stephen Curtis
{"title":"Bonnie Lander Johnson and Eleanor Decamp (eds), Blood Matters: Studies in European Literature and Thought, 1400–1700","authors":"Stephen Curtis","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0187
Gregory Shaya
{"title":"The Unruly Emotions of the Execution Crowd and its Critics in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century France","authors":"Gregory Shaya","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0187","url":null,"abstract":"From the 1860s to the 1910s, a host of commentators sounded off on the degraded spectacle of the public execution in France. They had little to say about the violence of capital punishment as such. The problem that haunted them was the crowd that gathered around the guillotine. In these years the execution crowd was a mystery and an obsession, the object of literary surveillance, parliamentary inquiry, scientific study, and journalistic examination. These commentators saw a crowd without dignity, a crowd full of unhealthy emotions, a crowd of morbid curiosity and misplaced revelry. Who was this crowd? What emotions did its participants feel at the spectacle of punishment? And what can this story tell us about the public execution – or, more generally, the public – in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century France? The outcry over the execution crowd reveals more about the commentators than about the crowd. The guiding emotions of these commentators had little to do with empathy, civilization or distaste for violent punishment; they had everything to do with disgust for the crowd on the streets and fears of the public in a new age of mass culture.","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0189
M. V. Duijnen
{"title":"Heather Graham and Lauren G. Kilroy-Ewbank (eds), Visualizing Sensuous Suffering and Affective Pain in Early Modern Europe and the Spanish Americas","authors":"M. V. Duijnen","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0185
Lina Minou
{"title":"Suffering, Emotion and the Claim to Sanity in an Eighteenth-Century Confinement Narrative","authors":"Lina Minou","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0185","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on an eighteenth-century ‘wrongful confinement’ narrative exploring the ways in which appeal to emotion within it allows the author to countervail the label of madness conferred upon him through his incarceration. Alexander Cruden's (1699–1770) pamphlet The London Citizen Exceedingly Injured appeared in 1739 in response to the ‘barbarous’ treatment he experienced while confined in a private madhouse. Cruden's narrative has been discussed as a text that helps recover patients' voices in the history of madness. However, attention has been paid mostly to the evidential manner in which Cruden attempts to prove his sanity and the wrongfulness of his confinement. The present analysis contends that appeal to emotion is the most significant factor that helps Cruden reclaim sanity. It shows that emotional expression in Cruden's text helps mediate suffering that centres on cruelty and humiliation rather than physical harm. More than that, this emphasis on suffering as humiliation and indignity is a calculated act that appeals to compassion and identifies the author as a member of an emotional community that values it. This alignment with the culturally sanctioned emotion of compassion, it is argued, is the most effective way of reclaiming sanity in a social context.","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46170775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0190
A. Kaptein
{"title":"Keith Wailoo, Pain: A Political History","authors":"A. Kaptein","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0192
J. Hoegaerts
{"title":"Sasha Handley, Rohan McWilliam and Lucy Noakes (eds), New Directions in Social and Cultural History","authors":"J. Hoegaerts","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0188
Lela Graybill
{"title":"The Forensic Eye and the Public Mind: The Bertillon System of Crime Scene Photography","authors":"Lela Graybill","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0188","url":null,"abstract":"In fin de siècle France, Alphonse Bertillon—best known for his widely adopted system of criminal identification—pursued “other applications” for judicial photography, suggesting that photography might be used to procure “an exact, complete, and impartial” view of “locales, things, and beings.” Photography, Bertillon was suggesting, could preserve a crime scene. In many ways, crime scene photography seems like the logical fulfillment of what Allan Sekula termed the “evidentiary promise” of photography. Understanding crime scene photography as a form of evidence places it in the realm of empirical science, with the photograph preserving proof of misdeeds and aiding the detective's forensic pursuit of truth. But, perhaps surprisingly, this was not the use that Bertillon foresaw for crime scene photography. Instead he suggested that crime scene photography was destined for the courtroom, and for the eyes of the jury. There it would not be a vehicle of objective proof, but rather an emotional catalyst for conviction. This paper examines the Bertillon system of crime scene photography as a rhetorical strategy calibrated for emotional impact, showing how it attempted to move viewers from the space of investigation and uncertainty to the space of conviction.","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45720997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural HistoryPub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.3366/CULT.2019.0184
J. Moscoso
{"title":"The Dramatic Form of Ambition in Early Nineteenth-Century France","authors":"J. Moscoso","doi":"10.3366/CULT.2019.0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/CULT.2019.0184","url":null,"abstract":"The spectacle of suffering, so much present in the asylum, does not refer here to the field of the visual but to a different form of representation by means of which an emotional experience could be turned into a story. By looking at the way in which madness was given the form of a social drama, I intend to suggest a new way to look at the history of the passions that focuses on the preconditions rather than on the results. The pathologization of passions in general, and of ambition in particular, required a new observational and visual regimen in which certain passionate states could be regarded as vehement or delirious. I would argue that the transformation of emotional symptoms into clinical signs required the mobilization of many elements, including the attentive observation of the inmates, their gestures and, of course, their expressions. In many cases, the configuration of the clinical record acquires the form of a short novella. In some others, in which those who are mad are quoted directly, we are tempted to believe that we may hear their inner voices. In both cases, there is little doubt that the cultural and medical configuration of madness requires not just actors and directors but also a plot, a stage, costumes, props, scenography and, of course, an audience. To explore these theatrical forms, I examine in detail one of the clinical cases reported by Leuret, chief physician for the mentally ill at the prison of Bicêtre. This gives me the opportunity to look at the elements of theatricality included in the clinical reports, but also at the performative nature of emotional states. I claim that the interplay between emotions and clinical conditions was at the core of the pathologization of passions that took place in the early nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":41779,"journal":{"name":"Cultural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47861266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}