Ming Studies最新文献

{"title":"Ming News","authors":"Ming News, Shaobo Sun","doi":"10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661725","url":null,"abstract":"“Many of the powerful emperors of China’s last dynasties— the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) — were patrons, collectors, and casual practitioners of the arts. They used art to legitimize and glorify their rule. It served many functions: for state rituals, for expressing piety, to dazzle palace visitors, to build diplomatic relations, and for personal pleasure. The emperors’ officials oversaw the palace painting academy, imperial porcelain factory, and numerous other workshops. Their artists creatively reworked earlier traditions, which bolstered the emperors’ legitimacy by showing their command of China’s long history. Many emperors supported international trade with Japan and Korea, Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, and the Indian subcontinent as well as the Islamic world and Europe. These exchanges helped shape the development of Chinese art, especially in the early fifteenth-century and eighteenth-century courts emphasized in this gallery. While the Ming and Qing courts followed many of the same practices in government and art, the Ming emperors were native Chinese, and the Qing rulers were not. Heirs of Manchu chieftains who swept into China on horseback from the north, the Qing emperors embraced all things Chinese, but also steadfastly maintained their own traditions.” From the exhibition description, https://www.freersackler.si.edu/exhibition/ looking-out-looking-in/","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47684860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Reliability In The Wartime Transport of Provisions: The Case of Mao Yuanyi (1594–1641)","authors":"Masatoshi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1648088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1648088","url":null,"abstract":"A military strategist and advisor, Mao Yuanyi (1594–1641) was one of the most prolific writers of the late Ming period on military matters and participated in the Ming war against the Jurchen in Liaodong in the early seventeenth century. In his seminal study on the conduct of war, the Records of Military Preparedness (Wubeizhi), he exhaustively discussed the costs and benefits of the transport methods available at the time, including carts, pack animals, and water transport. Among all the transport methods that he considered, Mao clearly favored what he called “human transport” (renyun), which exclusively relied on the labor of human bearers. By drawing on Mao’s writings on the transport of provisions, this study analyzes his forceful argument in favor of employing human labor and illuminates the practices of organizing wartime logistics. It also sheds light on the manner in which the costs and benefits of transport methods were being evaluated and how the notions of efficiency and reliability came into play in calculations concerning transport in the late Ming period.","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1648088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to volume 80","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1661726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Special Interview with Professor Hsu Hong: Dr. Hsu's Reflections on his Educational Background and Research Methods for the Study of Ming-Qing History","authors":"Jennifer Eichman, Mei-fang Tseng","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1582835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1582835","url":null,"abstract":"Hsu: In 1961, I was accepted on the basis of my exam results as a university student by the Department of History, National Taiwan University. Around 1949 when the Nationalist Government moved to Taiwan, many accomplished scholars from Beijing University, Qinghua University and [Nanjing] Central University also moved to Taiwan. One could say that at that time, National Taiwan University was a gathering spot of distinguished teachers: in historical studies, each and every research area was staffed by contemporary China’s most qualified scholars. Ming Studies, 79, 49–63, May 2019","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1582835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45011327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maritime Defense of China: Ming General Qi Jiguang and Beyond","authors":"X. Hang","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1571765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1571765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1571765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41796601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface","authors":"Paul Doty, G. Gamow, Leslie Orgel, A. Rich, G. Stent","doi":"10.1080/0147037x.2019.1598673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1598673","url":null,"abstract":"Almost a century has gone by since the discovery of general relativity and quantum mechanics, yet the goal of finding a consistent theory of quantum gravity nonetheless remains elusive. After the two major triumphs of modern quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics and the quantization of non-abelian gauge theories (including quantum chromodynamics and the electro-weak theory) the early seventies provided high hopes that a quantum treatment of general relativity might be around the corner. However, to the dismay of many, the results of t’ Hooft and Veltman conclusively established that quantum gravity is not perturbatively renormalizable, thus confirming earlier suspicions based on purely dimensional arguments. Disturbingly, the divergences which appear in gravity at one loop order in the semiclassical expansion, involving curvature squared terms, cannot be re-absorbed into a redefinition of the coupling constants, thereby making it difficult to derive unambiguous statements about the properties of the underlying quantum theory. More importantly, the now exhaustively explored examples of quantum electrodynamics and non-abelian gauge theories have established that until these ultraviolet renormalization effects are consistently and systematically brought under control, it will be very difficult to make any sort of physically relevant predictions. To this day, the ultraviolet problems of quantum gravity border on the speculative for many: after all, if quantum gravity effects are relevant at distances of the order of the Planck length (10−33cm), then these might very well have little relevance for laboratory particle physics in the foreseeable future. But how could one so conclude without actually doing the relevant calculations? What if new, non-perturbative scales arise in the renormalization procedure, as occurs in non-abelian gauge theories? Since the seventies, strategies that deal with the problem of ultraviolet divergences in quantum gravity have themselves diverged. Some have advocated the search for a new theory of quantum gravity, a theory which does not suffer from ultraviolet infinity problems. In supersymmetric theories, such as supergravity and ten-dimensional superstrings, new and yet unobserved particles are introduced thus reducing the divergence properties of Feynman amplitudes. In other, very restricted classes of supergravity theories in four dimensions, proponents have claimed that","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037x.2019.1598673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47166130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Entanglements of a Man Who Never Traveled: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Christian and His Conflicted Worlds","authors":"Mario Cams","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2018.1549786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2018.1549786","url":null,"abstract":"elites), and reinventing social traditions to evade taxes such as in the case of the god Guandi who was made into an ancestor for this reason. Szonyi sums up the types of strategies military households used in the Ming and thereafter: strategies of optimization, strategies of proximity, strategies of regulatory arbitrage, strategies of precedent (p. 216), all of which he postulates were a means to optimize the difference between rules and social reality. In effect, what this means, Szonyi adds, is that the state and its agents were forced to accept the informal institutions and procedures that families and communities created to meet the demands made on them by the state. The Art of Being Governed is a book full of meaningful stories as well as thoughtful arguments, supported by maps, kinship charts, and a list of dramatis familiae which guide the reader’s journey into this “thick description” of military households in the Ming dynasty — it is a major contribution to Chinese social history and will prove a useful source for comparative history of other regimes. Unfortunately, as Szonyi admits, there is little said about women except a brief mention about the matter of marriage strategies, and the episode of the pirate’s sister. Szonyi has validated the efficacy of using the genealogy as a tool of historical documentation, but it is basically a recording of patrilineal history, and thus one would like to know more about the role of women in junhu and gender relations within these families in general. Szonyi does not underestimate the significance of marriage strategies in the re-territorialization of military households, and thus this is a topic which needs further research and attention — as he writes, “this role for women may have been even more important than for civilian households” (pp. 116–17). One final observation, in an age of global history, The Art of Being Governed seems to blend in with the wider trend of de-emphasizing the centrality of the state. In its place has come a greater appreciation of the web of local institutions supporting polity, and the complex threads of political actors and ordinary people both in confluence and at variance with each other. With this book, Szonyi has added new insights into this intricate and complicated relationship, and thus made a major contribution to the study of Chinese history as well as historical scholarship in general.","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2018.1549786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ming News","authors":"Ming News, Huiping Pang","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598674","url":null,"abstract":"• Yunshuang Zhang, Wayne State University, “A Diversity of Voices: The Collected Commentaries on Su Shi’s Poetry” • Naixi Feng, University of Chicago, “Inhabiting the Northern Landscape: Beijing and the Collected Travelogues in the Late Ming” • Yanmei Cai, University of Tokyo, “‘Mountain Men’ and Epistolary Collections in the Late Ming: A Case Study on Wang Zhideng’s Collected Letters” • Joseph Dennis, University of Wisconsin–Madison, “Donating Books to School Libraries in Ming and Qing China”","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emperors' New Gifts: Bestowing Sacrificial Necessities and Burial Essentials in Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) China","authors":"Hui-Han Jin","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1551761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1551761","url":null,"abstract":"The tradition of granting funerary gifts from the emperor to his prominent ministers can be traced back to the Zhou dynasty. Scholars have agreed that the gifts meant more than assistance in preparing death rituals but were regarded as an honor to the deceased. What has been less discussed in recent scholarship is the role the emperor perceived himself as playing in the death rituals of his ministers through the types of funerary gifts he offered. A dramatic change in the types of funerary gifts bestowed was initiated by the Hongwu Emperor (1368–1398), and this new practice was continued by the subsequent emperors. By looking into the purpose of granting the new gifts and the ways of bestowing them, both of which had changed over the course of the Ming dynasty, we will be able to scrutinize the dynamic relationships between monarchs and officials through the conflicts between emotions and rituals and the adaptability of Confucian prescriptions and practices.","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1551761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brush, Seal and Abacus: Troubled Vitality in Late Ming China’s Economic Heartland, 1500–1644","authors":"J. Fang","doi":"10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598672","url":null,"abstract":"is perhaps one of the thornier historical issues to deal with and one that is highly relevant to our times: cultural contact and the negotiation of conflicting teachings or strands of thought. He leaves readers in no doubt as to how complex a reconstruction of such encounters in history really is, while at the same time allowing them the satisfaction of having reached a reasonable understanding of the issues at hand. Besides offering a timely and rich re-contextualization of the scholarship on the intersection of late Ming China and the Jesuit missions to the Far East, Sachsenmaier’s book is, quite simply, a joy to read.","PeriodicalId":41737,"journal":{"name":"Ming Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}