Problems of Legality最新文献

{"title":"Discussion Issues Regarding the Establishment of the Service of Disciplinary Inspectors","authors":"Nana Bakaianova, Sergii Pushkar","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.281050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.281050","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to changes in the procedure for bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility, which were conditioned by the adoption of the Law of Ukraine \"On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Procedure for the Election (Appointment) of Members of the High Council of Justice and the Activities of Disciplinary Inspectors of the High Council of Justice\" dated July 14, 2021 No. 1635-IX and the creation of a new independent structural unit in the secretariat of the High Council of Justice - the service of disciplinary inspectors, which is entrusted with the implementation of the powers of the High Council of Justice to conduct disciplinary proceedings against judges. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal and organizational aspects of creating a service of disciplinary inspectors. The methodological base of the research consists of a complex of general philosophical, general scientific and general logical methods, as well as general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc., the totality of which made it possible to achieve a certain level of objectivity, complexity and validity of the conducted research, the reliability of the results obtained. Attention was drawn to some organizational and legal problems of creating this service. The provisions of the draft Law on Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Resuming Consideration of Cases Concerning the Disciplinary Responsibility of Judges and Ensuring the Work of the Service of Disciplinary Inspectors of the High Council of Justice No. 9261 dated May 2, 2023, aimed at resuming the consideration of cases concerning the disciplinary responsibility of judges and ensuring the work of the service of disciplinary inspectors of the High Council of Justice are analyzed. A point of view was expressed regarding the inadmissibility of further delay in consideration of disciplinary complaints against judges. Proposals for the formation of the service of disciplinary inspectors, determination of the powers of disciplinary inspectors and the head of the service have been provided.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Principle of Transparency in the Activities of Administrative Courts","authors":"Ye. V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.274305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.274305","url":null,"abstract":"The topicality is determined by the current state of development of the principles of transparency and openness of the activity of administrative courts, the existence of a basis for the development of a single category of transparency, which covers both concepts, as well as the connections between them. The purpose of the article is to provide a description of the development of transparency as a concept of the science of administrative law, to determine its features in the field of activity of administrative courts, and to define, on this basis, a scientific approach to further research on the issue of transparency in this area. Achieving this goal became possible through the use of a complex of methods of both general scientific and specifically legal nature. At the same time, the requirements of scientific objectivity are taken into account. Thus, the application of the formal-dogmatic method made it possible to clarify the content of the applied concepts and categories. With the application of the system method, the administration of the work of administrative courts as a system is presented. This made it possible to examine the elements of this system and the connections between them as a basis for further research into the issue of transparency in the activity of administrative courts. The application of the formal-logical method made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the fundamental categories of the study. The vectors of the actual development of scientific opinion regarding related concepts, as well as the concept of transparency - regarding the activities of prosecutor's offices and executive authorities, are analyzed. On this basis, the thesis about the gradual convergence of the concepts of transparency in the activities of the executive authorities and prosecutor's offices, the increase in the amount of common features in these concepts is substantiated. It is substantiated that the transparency of the judiciary's activity is considered, mainly, in the context of overcoming the closure of the judiciary as a Soviet legacy, while due attention is not paid to the actual specifics of the judiciary's activity. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were formulated regarding the specificity of transparency in the field of judicial power, and the vectors of further research into this issue and the factors of further development of transparency regarding the activity of administrative courts were determined.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117270494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Change of the Court’s Case Territorial Jurisdiction (Venue) – a Tool for Ensuring the Accessibility of Administrative Justice","authors":"A. Paskar","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.278568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.278568","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the institution of change of territorial jurisdiction (venue) in administrative cases. The relevance of the topic is determined by the absence of specialized scientific research in the theory of administrative justice, devoted to studying the peculiarities of applying extraterritorial jurisdiction and its role in ensuring access to the administrative judicial process. The purpose of the article is to investigate issues related to the possibility of changing territorial jurisdiction (venue) in administrative cases, to determine the possibilities and limitations of applying this tool in order to ensure the accessibility of administrative justice for individuals. The research is based on the systemic-structural method, which allows for a comprehensive study of the procedure and grounds for changing territorial jurisdiction (venue) in administrative cases under martial law. It also reveals the connection and interaction of the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction with the principles of accessibility of administrative justice. The dialectical, formal-legal, analysis and synthesis methods, among others, were also applied.The scientific article examines the issue of ensuring the accessibility of administrative justice through the prism of changing the territorial jurisdiction (venue) of court cases. The author examines the concepts and types of jurisdiction of administrative cases with a focus on the legal nature of territorial jurisdiction (venue) in administrative proceedings. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility to change the territorial jurisdiction (venue) of administrative cases. The advantages and disadvantages of using this mechanism and its role in ensuring access to justice in administrative cases are determined. Based on the application of the system-structural method of research, a comprehensive study of the procedure and grounds for changing the territorial jurisdiction(venue) of administrative cases under martial law was carried out, the connection and interaction of the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction with the principles of accessibility of administrative justice was revealed. The content of legal acts dedicated to the regulation of the procedural order and features of changing the territorial jurisdiction (venue) of cases in administrative proceedings was analyzed. The practice of applying the instrument of changing territorial jurisdiction (venue) in cases considered by administrative courts to ensure the accessibility of administrative justice during emergencies has been studied. It was concluded that the application of extraterritorial jurisdiction of administrative cases is an effective tool for ensuring the accessibility of administrative justice, a means of ensuring the constitutional right to judicial protection and preventing its restriction even in emergencies.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117341517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strength of the Deed of Deposit for Electronic Contract Conducted by Notary in Electronic System Implementation in Indonesia","authors":"Senna Aljabar, Tri Prihatinah, Sri Handayani","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.274429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.274429","url":null,"abstract":"The notary has an authority to certify deeds and has other authorities. Notary products, in the form of deed of deposit, function to rewrite contracts made by persons who have been verified by Electronic System Operators, that the electronic certificates of the parties are indeed authorized to sign the electronic contract and provide guarantees that the contract has actually been made on their platform so that physical (printed) evidence of the electronic agreement made by the parties can be printed through and verified in advance by the service provider electronic system operator. This paper aims to analyze the validity of deed of deposit (\"van depot\" deed) made by a notary on electronic contracts in the implementation of electronic systems in Indonesia. The research method used is normative, with using secondary data obtained from library research, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. Whereas the deed of deposit or \"van depot\" deed is an certified deed made by a notary for the authority he has in making certified deeds. The deed of deposit or \"van depot\" deed provides the storage of a document that is kept by a notary, which furthermore explains in the deed of deposit that the applicant orders to the notary to keep a document, which is owned or given to him so the document will be more secure. The authority of a Notary in making certified deeds in the case of a deed of deposit or \"van depot\" deed of Electronic Contracts allows a synergy between the Law of Electronic Information and Transactions, Legal Products and Notary Legal Products in the future. Based on the authority of the Notary in making the deed of deposit or \"van depot\" deed for the electronic contract, what is the form of the deed of deposit or \"van depot\" deed for the electronic contract. Which title of the Deed must be used: \"Deed of Deposit of Electronic Contract\" or \"van depot\" Deed of Electronic Contract\"?","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132815379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liability for Violation of the Duty of Care and Upbringing in the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany","authors":"O. Zaytsev, K. Pavshuk","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.276942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.276942","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the topic of research is determined by the fact that the problem of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by parents (persons who replace them) of childcare responsibilities exists in all countries, regardless of the form of government, state system and income level of the population. Ukraine is in the process of integration with the European Union, so it is useful to study the foreign legislative approach to regulating responsibility for the violation of these obligations. The aim of the article is to study the German experience of establishing criminal liability for non-fulfillment of childcare obligations. Dogmatic, systemic-structural, statistical, historical-legal, formal-legal research methods were used in the research. Attention is paid to German legislation, which provides for the right and duty of parents to care for and bring up children. The genesis of the criminal law regarding the liability for violation of these duties is given. Statistical data on the number of criminal proceedings and persons convicted of this criminal offense (2010–2021) are summarized. The peculiarities of the structure of the crime provided for in § 171 of the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany have been studied; objective and subjective characteristics. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the doctrine of German criminal law and the practice of courts of general jurisdiction, in particular the Federal Supreme Court of Germany. The practice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany was used. Based on the study, conclusions were formulated regarding the definition of: the legal interest that is protected; signs of \"gross\" violation of duties; criteria for establishing the consequence of the crime, which is provided as the tort of creating danger. The peculiarities of the qualification of the crime in case of its commission in a place where an armed conflict is taking place are noted. The allocation of an independent structural section (subsection) in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which includes criminal offenses against family, is supported. The discussion of the criminalization of harm caused by a crime provided by Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, creating a real threat (danger) of causing harm to the victim is proposed.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129397293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confiscation of Russian Assets for the Restoration of Ukraine: Legal Problems of Implementation","authors":"I. Yakoviyk, Anna Turenko","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.277365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.277365","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of creating and applying legal mechanisms for blocking and confiscating Russian assets in order to use them for the restoration of Ukraine, which suffered from Russian aggression. The subject matter of the study is the analysis of international legal norms, national law, international and national judicial practice. The purpose of the article is to study and assess the legal possibilities of compensation for damages caused by Russian aggression against Ukraine. The research methodology involves an analysis of the rules of public international law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, which the states that have imposed anti-Russian sanctions may rely on when seeking mechanisms for confiscation of Russian assets under sanctions in order to satisfy Ukraine's claims for reparations against Russia. Achieving the objectives of the study also involves an analysis of international and national law on the issue of foreign sovereign immunity in the context of the possibility of confiscation of assets of the Russian Central Bank. The author examines the issue of freezing (blocking) of assets of persons under the jurisdiction of the countries initiating anti-Russian sanctions. The author proves that these actions are a widely used policy tool of the United States, the European Union and other states which seek to punish the government of a particular country in this way. As part of the blockade, assets may be held until the country that violates international law changes its policy. In the case of Russian aggression, the United States and other countries that have frozen Russian assets may refuse to return them as a countermeasure until Moscow not only stops its aggression against Ukraine but also pays reparations to Ukraine. It is established that the general trend (albeit with some exceptions) of the last two decades has been to strengthen the immunity from enforcement of foreign central banks' property, which is in line with the approach adopted in the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property. The author considers the possibility of creating legal mechanisms for the confiscation of Russian assets frozen by Western countries and a number of other states, both at the international and national levels. Based on the study, the author formulates conclusions regarding the existence of legal (both at the level of international and national law) and political (primarily, the fear of retaliatory sanctions, and most importantly, the possibility of withdrawal of assets of foreign investors and central banks of individual states from the United States) obstacles to the confiscation of Russian assets.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129655909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedural Forms of Protection of the Right to Entrepreneurship in Administrative Courts: Problems of a Scientific Approach","authors":"Vasyl Rіabchenko","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.161.274297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.161.274297","url":null,"abstract":"The topicality is due to the active development of the system of administrative proceedings and at the same time the need to take into account the specifics of the mentioned cases (increased requirements for the promptness of the case review; the accuracy of the definition of individual elements of procedural forms; the need for the administrative court to apply special knowledge in the field of economics). The purpose of the article is to reveal a scientific approach to the development of procedural forms of protection of the right to entrepreneurship in administrative courts, to determine, on the basis of this, the vectors of further development of procedural forms of protection of the specified right. Achieving the outlined goal became possible thanks to the use of a complex of methods of both general scientific and specifically legal nature. Thus, with the use of the formal-dogmatic method, the content of the applied concepts and categories was clarified, including such concepts as \"proceedings\", \"administrative proceedings\", \"procedural form\". The dialectical method made it possible to take into account the general principles of the development of the administrative justice system. On the basis of the combination of this method and the method of synthesis, the current problems of the studied procedural forms are summarized. These and other research methods are applied taking into account the requirements of scientific objectivity. The problem of the ratio of the ratio of the specific procedures for consideration of certain categories of administrative cases and the general forms of legal proceedings is revealed from the standpoint of the dichotomy of the legal nature of the activity of the administrative court (declarative and interventional). Accordingly, the contentiousness of the issue regarding the possibility of calling such specific procedures procedural forms of review and resolution by the administrative court of the considered category of cases was determined. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were formulated and recommendations were made regarding the development of a generalized concept of \"procedural form\", which would combine the common features of general legal proceedings and simplified legal proceedings in this category of cases. This will make it possible to conduct a further study of the specified common features using a single legal construction.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114178794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Side (Actus Reus) of Aiding and Abetting War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity","authors":"B. Karnaukh","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.160.273626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.160.273626","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the objective side (actus reus) of aiding and abetting in the context of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The main goal is to find out where the line lies between legally relevant involvement and involvement that should not entail liability. The study is based on the analysis of the case law of international criminal tribunals and the jurisprudence of national courts as well. It is an interdisciplinary study, as it aims to formulate conclusions that would be relevant in the context of both criminal and tort liability. It is emphasized that the objective side of aiding and abetting comprises act and causation, since aiding and abetting does not have its own consequence, but instead shares the same consequence which is imputed to the principal perpetrator. Aiding and abetting entails liability as long as the physical assistance or moral support provided has a substantial effect upon the commission of a crime. The substantial effect criterion has to be ascertained based on the study of all the circumstances of a particular case. When assessing the substantiality, it should be taken into account that the actions of an aider and abettor may be related to the crime through a physical or intentional causation. It is not required that the actions of the aider and abettor be a conditio sine qua non (necessary condition) of the principal perpetrator's crime. In the context of mass crimes, such as war crimes or crimes against humanity, it is the mixing of causal contributions that makes it impossible to identify in the circumstances of a particular single episode the traces of each causative factor that was substantial to the overall criminal activity. This should not exempt an aider and abettor from liability, provided that his causal contribution to the overall criminal activity was substantial.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Regulation of the Competence of Local Self-Government in the Conditions of War in Ukraine","authors":"O. Lialiuk","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.160.273170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.160.273170","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the issues of competence of local self-government and its bodies during the introduction of martial law, and also to the analysis of amendments to the legislation in the field of local self-government aimed at redistribution of powers in the system of local self-government, and also to the introduction of conditions for \"lawful interference\" of a number of other entities in the process of exercising by local self-government bodies of their powers. The subject matter of the study is public relations related to ensuring further guarantee of local self-government activities under martial law, inviolability of its powers, and prevention of arbitrariness or usurpation of local self-government powers by public authorities. The purpose of the article is to study the functional and competence sphere of local self-government and to assess the impact on it by public authorities. The study applies systemic-structural and structural-functional, formal-legal, prognostic methods, the method of generalization, as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis. The author examines the current legislation with a view to clearly establishing the conditions for exercising the powers granted to local self-government bodies, as well as the cases, grounds and mechanism under which public authorities may take over the powers of local self-government. The author analyzes the conditions and grounds for early termination of powers of local self-government bodies and the scope of exercise of local self-government powers by military administrations. The legislation is studied to determine the moment and grounds for the transfer of self-governing powers of local self-government to state authorities. It is determined that the impact on the local self-government system by public authorities should be commensurate with the conditions in which the State is currently operating. The author concludes that under martial law, the activities of local self-government should be carried out in accordance with the rules clearly defined by law and should not go beyond the powers granted to them. In case of violation of such rules by the State, appropriate adequate measures should be taken.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128181812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Sorting (TRIAGE): Implementation Problems and Legislative Ways to Overcome Them","authors":"N. Korobtsova","doi":"10.21564/2414-990x.160.271191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.160.271191","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the topic chosen for research is due to the situation in which Ukraine and the entire civilized world found themselves, –  the war and the pandemic of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. How it is possible to provide medical care to as many people as possible without violating the principles of reasonableness and fairness in its provision is a question that both medical professionals and legal scholars of all democratic countries of the world are trying to answer. And one of the ways to solve this problem is the use of medical triage (TRIAGE). The purpose of this article is to consider medical triage as one of the forced measures of providing medical aid in emergency conditions, when there is a lack of medicines, medical personnel, medical equipment, etc., with a large number of victims. With the help of an empirical research method, as well as methods of analysis, generalization and explanation, the author managed to consider the history and reasons for the emergence of medical triage, investigate and determine the prerequisites for its use, positive and negative features, the possibility and necessity of its use during pandemics and states of war. The author identified the problems that arise in the application of medical triage and proposed ways to overcome them, which is the result of this study.","PeriodicalId":417369,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Legality","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123224760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}