URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad最新文献

{"title":"Migración internacional y cambio climático: conexiones y desconexiones entre México y Centroamérica/ International Migration and Climate Change: Connections and Disconnections between Mexico and Central America","authors":"R. Casillas","doi":"10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4038","url":null,"abstract":"El cambio climático en Centroamérica genera, entre otros efectos, migraciones en el interior o al exterior de los países de origen. La migración centroamericana que transita por México es importante por su volumen, por ser indocumentada y por su diversificación social, de género y etaria. Algunas localidades mexicanas susceptibles al cambio climático están en las rutas migratorias que atraviesan el país, mientras que otras con la misma susceptibilidad posiblemente sean receptoras de emergentes asentamientos indefinidos de quienes desde 2019 esperan respuesta a su solicitud de refugio en Estados Unidos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la posible relación entre las localidades mexicanas con problemas climáticos y el tránsito de migraciones centroamericanas, así como referir los riesgos de aquellas que sean receptoras de los nuevos asentamientos. Con base en fuentes documentales y hemerográficas y resultados empíricos, se analizan esos procesos desde una perspectiva histórico- procesual. Las conclusiones apuntan a vacíos de conocimiento; flujos migratorios mixtos, que incluyen a migrantes por razones climáticas; a tránsito por un bajo número de localidades mexicanas con riesgo climático, dispersas por las rutas migratorias; a procesos con algunas conexiones y a otros que, sin tenerlas, no escapan al riesgo de potenciar posibles intolerancias sociales. \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000Climate change in Central America generates, among other effects, migrations inside and outside the countries of origin. The Central American migration that travels through Mexico is important because of its volume, because it is undocumented and diversified socially, by gender and age. Some Mexican localities susceptible to climate change are on the migratory routes through Mexico, while others with the same susceptibility may be receivers of emerging indefinite settlements from those who expect a response to their request for refuge in the United States, since 2019. The objective of this article is to analyze the possible relationship between the Mexican localities with climatic problems and the transit of Central American migrations, as well as referring the risks of those who are receivers of the new settlements. Based on secondary sources and empirical results, these processes are analyzed from a procedural historical perspective. The conclusions point to knowledge gaps, mixed migratory flows that include migrants for climatic reasons, transit through a low number of Mexican towns with climate risk, dispersed by migratory routes and also to processes with some connections and others that, without having them, do not escape the risk of fostering possible social intolerances.  ","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45231542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideraciones de contrainteligencia en la formulación de estrategias de seguridad: utopía o evolución pragmática/ Counterintelligence Considerations in the Formulation of Security Strategies: Utopia or Pragmatic Evolution","authors":"Jaime Arias","doi":"10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4226","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the activities of the counterintelligence in a context of doctrinal update, in order to establish the operational procedures that allow this activity to be more visible, given that it defends state interests and therefore should be associated with activities governed by legality, as well as public control. A descriptive process of such activities is proposed, considering some countries in the Andean region, North America and Europe, as well as the availability of legal and doctrinal sustenance. This allows knowing the trends currently in force in this field. It also allows to describe and propose possible strategies and the corresponding lines of action in the field 1 General de División en servicio pasivo del Ejército ecuatoriano, instructor invitado de la Universidad de Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador, j.castillo.ecuador@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-7781 doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4226 8 U RV IO , R ev is ta L at in oa m er ic an a de E st ud io s de S eg ur id ad , N o. 2 6, e ne ro -a br il 20 20 p p. 823 • R EL A SE D O R y FL A C SO S ed e Ec ua do r • IS SN 1 39 042 99 (e n lín ea ) y 1 39 036 91 Consideraciones de contrainteligencia en la formulación de estrategias de seguridad Jaime Castillo-Arias URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad No. 26 • enero-abril 2020 • pp.8-23 ISSN 1390-4299 (en línea) y 1390-3691 9 of counterintelligence, systematically controlled by the states that require them. With this background, there is a need to configure counterintelligence strategies and lines of action, which would improve security and external support to better address risk factors and threats that would affect the society, the state and its institutions.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inteligencia y contrainteligencia militar frente a fallos y desafíos. El caso de Culiacán, México (2019)/ Fails and Challenges of Military Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Culiacan, Mexico (2019) as Case Study","authors":"Paloma Mendoza Cortés","doi":"10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4225","url":null,"abstract":"El presente artículo se deriva de la tesis doctoral El proceso de toma de decisiones en el Ejército Mexicano: la función de la Inteligencia Militar. La investigación es retomada para analizar la operación de captura de Ovidio Guzmán, en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. Se confrontan fuentes de primera mano de inteligencia militar con información de fuentes abiertas y se determinan los posibles fallos de inteligencia y contrainteligencia que condujeron al gobierno mexicano a tomar la decisión de liberar a Ovidio Guzmán frente a los actos de violencia y al uso del ciberespacio por el crimen organizado para tal fin. A partir de la información consultada, se concluye que existió una falta de cooperación interagencial y fallos del Gabinete de Seguridad de México en el proceso de toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas. \u0000Abstract \u0000This analysis is based on the dissertation The Mexican Army decision-making process: The role of Military Intelligence. The original research is applied to the case of the Ovidio Guzmán capture operation in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. First-hand sources of military intelligence are confronted with information from open sources to evaluate the possible intelligence and counterintelligence failures that can explain the Mexican government´s decision to release Ovidio Guzman after members of his cartel committed acts of extreme violence and exploited social media. Based on the sources consulted, the author concludes the key factors that led to the failure of the operation were the lack of inter-agency cooperation and deficiencies in the decision-making process by the Security Cabinet of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Espionaje y competitividad: la industria automotriz alemana en el juego comercial moderno de China/ Espionage and Competitiveness: The German Automotive Industry in China's Modern Commercial Game","authors":"Daniel F. Crespo Pazmiño","doi":"10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4221","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation and technological development are a crucial source of competitiveness within the global trading environment. So far in the 21st century, some German automotive firms, such as Audi, Volkswagen, and Mercedes-Benz, have positioned at the top of internationally recognized car companies for their quality and innovative prestige. It is no novelty to mention that there are more and more car-producing companies, which reproduce the models of the main brands at a lower cost, and in doing so, they have positioned themselves internationally. However, it is especially noteworthy the fact that the German automobile industry has been spreading its linkage with the manufacturers and assemblers of cars in China, which have become famous by doubling the German product. This article shows how corporate espionage constitutes a part of the modern commercial game, particularly in the context of the German automotive industry in China, under the lens of economic security, the dynamics of modern industrial espionage and the culture of China's 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, dancpazmino1@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-2672 93 U RV IO , R ev is ta L at in oa m er ic an a de E st ud io s de S eg ur id ad , N o. 2 6, e ne ro -a br il 20 20 p p. 93 -1 03 • R EL A SE D O R y FL A C SO S ed e Ec ua do r • IS SN 1 39 042 99 (e n lín ea ) y 1 39 036 91 doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4221 URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad No. 26 • enero-abril 2020 pp.93-103 © RELASEDOR y FLACSO Sede Ecuador ISSN 1390-4299 (en línea) y 1390-3691 94 Espionaje y competitividad: la industria automotriz alemana en el juego comercial moderno de China Daniel F. Crespo-Pazmiño URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad No. 26 • enero-abril 2020 • pp.93-103 ISSN 1390-4299 (en línea) y 1390-3691 capitalism. For such ends, it discusses the main cases of Chinese espionage of the German industry, the defensive actions undertaken by the German Government, and the strategies that the German automotive industry prioritizes in order to maintain its competitiveness in an environment of espionage and uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41302918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hechos ciberfísicos: una propuesta de análisis para ciberamenazas en las Estrategias Nacionales de Ciberseguridad/ Cyber-physical Facts: A Proposed Analysis for Cyber Threats in the National Cybersecurity Strategies","authors":"Juan-Manuel Aguilar-Antonio","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.4007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.4007","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the category of cyber-physical facts, a proposal for the analysis and delimitation of threats in the hybrid regime of cyberspace. The research objective is to test the hypothesis that Latin America, and Mexico in particular, do not understand in their National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSS) the nature of cyber-attacks, nor the possibility that a crisis arising in cyberspace will jump into the physical or material ground. To prove this, the context of cybersecurity in the region is presented and also a critique of the NCSS of Mexico. Then, the 1 Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, alchemistffvii@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-685X U RV IO , R ev is ta L at in oa m er ic an a de E st ud io s de S eg ur id ad , N o. 2 5, d ic ie m br e 20 19 -m ay o 20 20 p p. 2 440 • R EL A SE D O R y FL A C SO S ed e Ec ua do r • IS SN 1 39 042 99 (e n lín ea ) y 1 39 036 91 doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.4007","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48305795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconceptualizando la relación entre tecnología, instituciones y guerra/ Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Technology, Institutions and War","authors":"A. Ocón, Aureliano Da Ponte","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3998","url":null,"abstract":"El estudio de la guerra y la capacidad de generar categorías o tipologías inmunes a la crítica ha sido un desafío histórico en el que persisten importantes debates. El presente artículo, de carácter cualitativo descriptivo, presenta un análisis histórico conceptual que indaga sobre la interacción entre la tecnología y las instituciones, así como su impacto en la forma de hacer la guerra, a fin de distinguir las condiciones estructurales de aquellas contingentes. La hipótesis planteada es que las convenciones y la tecnología son dimensiones estructurantes en cuanto a las opciones estratégicas de los actores al momento del choque de intereses. Como resultado, se evidencian factores que hacen novedosa la praxis de la guerra, pero en esencia se mantienen rasgos distintivos permanentes, más allá de la coyuntura histórica. \u0000Abstract \u0000The study of war and the ability to generate categories or typologies immune to criticism has been a historic challenge in which important debates persist. This qualitative article presents a conceptual historical analysis of the interaction between technology and institutions, and their impact on the way of making war, aiming to differentiate the structural conditions from those of a contingent nature. The hypothesis stated is that conventionality and technology are structuring dimensions in terms of the strategic options of the actors at the time of the clash of interests. The results show factors that make the practice of war novel, but some permanent distinctive features beyond the historical juncture are essentially maintained.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73739425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El componente social de la amenaza híbrida y su detección con modelos bayesianos/ The Social Component of the Hybrid Threat and its Detection with Bayesian Models","authors":"Ana-María Ruiz-Ruano, J. López-Puga, J. Delgado-Morán","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3997","url":null,"abstract":"Las sociedades contemporáneas están cada vez más condicionadas por el desarrollo de la tecnología informática. Esa tendencia deja entrever un panorama en el que cada ser humano se identifica por el binomio persona-computadora, mientras que la mayor informatización de la vida civil está generando ingentes cantidades de datos que son susceptibles de ser gestionados con fines bélicos. El objetivo de este artículo es abordar la utilidad potencial de las redes bayesianas como herramientas destinadas a la monitorización y detección temprana de ataques híbridos de carácter social a escala global. Como conclusión, planteamos que el uso de la inferencia y las redes bayesianas es útil para monitorear, detectar y supervisar el componente social de las amenazas híbridas a escala global por medio del análisis de las redes sociales. \u0000Abstract \u0000Contemporary societies are increasingly conditioned by the development of computer technology. This trend suggests a picture in which each human being is identified by the person-computer binomial while greater computerization of civil life is generating huge amounts of data that are likely to be managed for war purposes. The objective of this article is to address the potential utility of Bayesian networks aimed at monitoring and early detection of hybrid attacks of a global nature. We conclude that the use of inference and Bayesian networks is useful for monitoring, detection and supervision of the social component of hybrid threats globally through social network analysis.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Guardia Nacional y la militarización de la seguridad pública en México/ The National Guard and the militarization of public security in Mexico","authors":"G. Hernández, Carlos-Alfonso Romero-Arias","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3995","url":null,"abstract":"La amenaza que representa la inseguridad publica en America Latina ha conllevado que muchos de los gobiernos asolados por ella recurran a las politicas de militarizacion. En el caso de Mexico, el gobierno creo la Guardia Nacional para pacificar el pais. El objetivo del articulo es responder la pregunta ?por que, pese a los argumentos y posturas de diferentes actores nacionales e internacionales, la Administracion Federal en Mexico (2018-2024) decidio crear una Guardia Nacional para combatir y reducir los indices de violencia? El estudio emplea un metodo explicativo y utiliza informacion del Banco Mundial, el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), el Forum Brasileno de Seguridad Publica, World Prision Brief, el Indice de Paz Global, y el Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Publica (SESNSP).","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El tratamiento informativo de la guerra híbrida de Rusia/ The Informative Treatment of the Russian Hybrid War","authors":"Javier Miguel-Gil","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.4006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.4006","url":null,"abstract":"El articulo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento informativo que los medios de comunicacion han realizado de las campanas de desinformacion rusa en un supuesto contexto de guerra hibrida. A partir de noticias de los principales medios de comunicacion que informaron sobre el tema, el analisis se centra en el uso del concepto de guerra hibrida y lo compara con su concepcion tradicional estrategica, para determinar si las actividades en cuestion pueden inscribirse en este tipo de conflictos.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narcomenudeo y control territorial en América Latina/ Small Scale Drug Trafficking and Territorial Control in Latin America","authors":"Sebastían Saborío","doi":"10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.25.2019.3824","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the phenomena of territorial control that is carried on by small scale drug trafficking groups in Latin American cities. It shows that existing publications on this topic take for granted what “territorial control” is, but end up referring to different social processes. Leaning in the concepts of territory, territoriality and territorialization, the author defines which elements shape the different modalities of territorial control implemented by small scale drug trafficking groups. In this way, he provides an analytical tool composed by different indicators: who are the subjects controlled by drug gangs, what is the extension, modality and objectives of territorial control and how do these groups influence political and associative life as well as other spheres of everyday life of the communities in which they are located.","PeriodicalId":41674,"journal":{"name":"URVIO-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}