Pathologia最新文献

{"title":"Tolerance to exercise in adolescents with rheumatic diseases taking into account systolic heart function","authors":"T. Holovko, N. Shevchenko, L. Bohmat, V. Nikonova","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.243693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.243693","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to determine the systolic heart function and adaptive capabilities to physical activity in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.\u0000Materials and methods. We examined 72 adolescents with RD at the age of 10–18 (13.11 ± 0.89) years, 58 were girls and 14 were boys. The control group consisted of 46 healthy adolescents of the corresponding age (14.73 ± 0.32 years) and gender (29 girls and 17 boys). An ultrasound examination of the heart using a General Electric LOGIO V2 apparatus (USA) was performed for all patients. The six-minute walk test was performed to determine the tolerance to minimal physical activity. Before the test and after completion during the first minute of the recovery period, heart rate was calculated, blood pressure was measured and the Allgower’s index was calculated. The 6 minute walking distance was measured in meters.\u0000Results. It was found that adolescents with RD had a significant decrease in EFrv against the background of a significant increase in SVrv and MVCrv, which was accompanied by higher HR values. In patients with JIA, reliably lower EF of both ventricles of the heart was established against the background of significantly higher heart rate values and a decrease in SVlv and MVClv, while SVrv and MVCrv were significantly higher. When analyzing 6MWT indicators, the distance was significantly shorter in adolescents with RD, and the percentage of increase in heart rate after the test was higher. Allgower’s index was significantly higher before 6MWT and significantly increased after the test. In adolescents with low EFrv, there was a significant decrease in SVrv and MVCrv against the background of significantly low HR values, but the Allgower’s index after 6MWT was significantly higher.\u0000Conclusions. In adolescents with RD, while the systolic function of the left ventricle is preserved, there is a decrease in the systolic function of the right ventricle of the heart, an increase in SVrv and MVCrv on the background of an increase in heart rate. Tolerance to physical activity remains within normal limits due to a significant increase in the activity of regulatory systems. With a progressive decrease in the systolic function of the right ventricle, a decrease in its stroke and minute volumes was established, which may indicate the participation of other regulatory systems in adequate support of the circulatory system.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74768713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of endocrine pancreas fluorescence analysis using machine methods","authors":"T. Ivanenko, A. V. Abramov","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.254173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.254173","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to establish the appropriate parameters of UV excitation intensity and permanent excitation time on the pancreatic islets photobleaching, the ratio of the intensity of the useful signal in the region of interest to the intensity of nonspecific background fluorescence.\u0000Materials and methods. The pancreas of three adult Wistar rats was fixed in Bouin solution (20 hours) and poured into paraplast after standard histological processing. The study was carried out on paraffin sections of the pancreas. The islets’ insulin and glucagon were determined by immunofluorescence method using monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The immunofluorescence reaction was studied using an AxioImager-M2 fluorescent microscope. AxioVision digital image analysis system was used for fluorescence imaging, and ImageJ 64-bit image analysis system was used for image quantification. 30 pancreatic islets with an area from 3000 µm2 to 5000 µm2 (8–13 % of the frame area) were analyzed.\u0000Results. Measurements carried out at constant values of hormone concentration in endocrinocytes showed a different estimate of the average fluorescence intensity for insulin and glucagon, which depended on the intensity of UV radiation. As the intensity of UV radiation increased, the average fluorescence intensity in the region of interest for insulin and glucagon increased, but when the camera exposure was corrected, it became almost the same. Regardless of this, the intensity of nonspecific background fluorescence increased monotonically. The use of the ratio of the logarithms of the background fluorescence of the drug and the fluorescence of endocrinocytes in the calculations gives a stable estimate of the relative concentration of hormones, which does not depend on the intensity of the selected UV radiation regime, as well as on the duration of UV irradiation of the drug. This makes it possible to neutralize the effect of photodynamic discoloration of the preparation caused by continuous irradiation. Methods for machine selection of the region of interest by various algorithms of the ImageJ program lead to different estimates of its area, integral, and average fluorescence values. At the same time, the result closest to the “ideal” interactive method of highlighting the area of interest for insulin and glucagon was shown by Otsu’s algorithm.\u0000Conclusions. In immunofluorescent examination of the pancreas, a moderate UV radiation mode should be selected, exposure correction of the CCD camera before taking each frame, and the total time for examining the visual field of the sample should be limited to 1–2 minutes. To highlight the area of interest for insulin and glucagon in automatic analysis, it is recommended to use the Otsu algorithm. To obtain a quantitative estimate of the average fluorescence intensity in the region of interest, it is recommended to use the ratio of the logarithms of the background fluorescence of the drug and endocrinocytes in the calculations.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89501080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of clinical and genetic factors on the stability of warfarin’s anticoagulant effect in patients with atrial fibrillation","authors":"Yа. М. Mykhailovskyi","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.252662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.252662","url":null,"abstract":"The aim. To investigate the influence of clinical and genetic factors on the stability of warfarin’s anticoagulant effect in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during the year.\u0000Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with AF, age 70.50 (64.25; 76.25) years (32 men and 28 women). Coagulogram indexes with International Normalized Ratio (INR) were determined using Coag Chrome 3003 monthly; the CHA2DS2-VASC, HAS-BLED, SAMe-TT2R2 scales scores were evaluated; the calculation of TTR was performed using the Rosendaal method. CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 genes polymorphisms were determined using multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction in CFX-96 thermocycler (BioRad).\u0000Results. Median TTR in groups of patients with SAMe-TT2R2 score <2 (n = 33) and ≥2 (n = 27) did not differ significantly (74 % versus 68 % respectively, P > 0.05). There were significantly more patients with TTR <70 % in the group with predicted labile INR (59.36 % versus 30.30 %; χ2 = 5.07, P < 0.05). SAMe-TT2R2 score ≥2 increased the risk of poor INR control by 1.96 times (CI 1.05–3.63). No association of TTR with CYP2C9, CYP4F2 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms was found.\u0000Episodes of excessive hypocoagulation (INR >4) were detected in 21 (40 %) patients during the year. Excessive hypocoagulation was significantly more common in patients carrying the allele A of the VKORC1 gene in comparison with non-carriers (51.43 % versus 24.00 %; χ2 = 4.57, P < 0.05). The presence of mutant allele A was associated with 2.14-fold higher risk of excessive hypocoagulation (RR = 2.14; CI 1.06–4.69).\u0000Taking amiodarone (χ2 = 3.13; P < 0.05) had a significant effect on the development of excessive hypocoagulation with a relative risk RR = 1.83 (CI 1.01–3.35).\u0000Conclusions. SAMe-TT2R2 score can be useful to predict poor INR control, while VKORC1 genotype estimating – to predict excessive hypocoagulation episodes. An integrated approach using clinical and genetic methods is needed to determine the potential efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78515610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of motor evoked potential parameters in patients with Parkinson’s disease stage II","authors":"A. Demchenko, D.N. Aravitska","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.246660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.246660","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to identify the most informative parameters of motor evoked potential (MEP) based on clinical and neurophysiological comparisons in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) stage II.\u0000Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients aged 45 to 75 years with stage II PD according to Hoehn–Yahr. Examination of patients was performed according to the following scheme: clinical and neurological examination with MDS UPDRS scale and neurophysiological examination to determine the latency, amplitude and duration of MEP after 4 tests with a gradual increase of magnetic field induction. Our study involved patients with predominantly right and left-sided motor symptoms, so for correct statistical analysis, the dominant side was considered as the debut side or the side with more pronounced motor symptoms, the subdominant side was considered as the opposite one.\u0000Results. In cases of patients with stage II PD the MEP latency significantly decreased, and the amplitude and duration of MEP significantly increased in samples with increasing magnetic field induction in the right and left hemispheres of the brain. It was found significant positive moderate correlation between UPDRS part III total score and MEP latency in the ipsilateral premotor cortex to the dominant side of motor symptoms with samples of magnetic induction (1.1 Tl – r = 0.34, P < 0.05; 1.32 Tl – r = 0.32, P < 0.05; 1.76 Tl – r = 0.31, P < 0.05). Also positive mild correlation was found between MEP latency in the ipsilateral premotor cortex to the subdominant side of motor symptoms and UPDRS part III total score (1.54 Tl – r = 0.22, P < 0.05; 1.76 Tl – r = 0.29, P < 0.05). Mild positive correlation (r = 0.29, P < 0.05) was found between MEP duration of ipsilateral premotor cortex to the subdominant side of motor symptoms and UPDRS part III total score in sample with 1.54 Tl magnetic induction. No significant correlations were found to the amplitude parameter and the severity of clinical symptoms in investigated patients with PD stage II.\u0000Conclusions. The most informative neurophysiological indicators in patients with PD stage II are the MEP latencies. The MEP latencies of the premotor cortex, which is ipsilateral to the side with more pronounced motor symptoms, have a particularly close relationship with UPDRS part III total score in the samples with 1.10–1.76 Tl magnetic inductions (r = 0.31–0.34, P ˂ 0.05). The MEP duration of premotor cortex, which is ipsilateral to the side with less pronounced motor symptoms, is most closely associated with the severity of motor manifestations on the subdominant side in patients with PD stage II (r = 0.27, P ˂ 0.05).\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75971544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical experience with tocilizumab in the treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19","authors":"O. Riabokon, I. O. Kuliesh, O. O. Furyk, T. B. Matvieieva, K. Kalashnyk","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.253286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.1.253286","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work – to present a case of positive use of tocilizumab in the treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19.\u0000Materials and methods. A self-observation clinical case of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnant K., 40 years old, who was treated at Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council. The patient was treated in accordance with the “Protocol for the provision of medical care for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”.\u0000Results. Our own clinical observation demonstrates the formation of severe COVID-19 in a 40-year-old pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy. Combination treatment with glucocorticoids in the presence of oxygen dependence on the 11th day of the disease was ineffective for two days of clinical and laboratory parameters monitoring, which required a decision on the additional appointment of tocilizumab. The development of “cytokine storm” clinical and laboratory signs on the 12th day of the disease was evidenced by the preservation of fever in the range of 37.5–37.8 °C, no regression of oxygen dependence. According to laboratory data, an increase in the severity of lymphopenia as a relative quantity – up to 5 % and absolute quantity – up to 0.5 × 109/l, an increase in fibrinogen – up to 5.8 g/l and D-dimer – up to 1.9 ng/ml, high level of C-reactive protein – up to 190 mg/l. These data justify the additional use of tocilizumab, which was administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg in the absence of contraindications. Tocilizumab administration was effective, contributing to oxygen dependence regression and recovery of laboratory parameters within a week.\u0000Conclusions. Our own clinical observation demonstrates the formation of severe COVID-19 in pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy. Due to the ineffectiveness of glucocorticosteroid therapy and the presence of clear clinical and laboratory signs of “cytokine storm” on the 12th day of the disease, the use of tocilizumab was effective, which contributed to the oxygen dependence regression and recovery of laboratory parameters within a week. Treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 requires adherence to existing protocols.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76277687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of morphological features and proliferative markers (mitotic index, Ki-67, PHH3) in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors","authors":"L. Zakhartseva, H. Chytaieva","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.239530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.239530","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate relations of mitotic index (MI), necrosis, IHC proliferative markers Ki-67 and PHH3, and their predictive value for lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) aggressiveness.\u0000Materials and methods. The study used surgical and biopsy material from 64 patients with lung NETs before chemotherapy prescribing. Morphological study and IHC was performed. MI, necrosis, Ki-67 and PHH3 expression and metastatic disease and survival were estimated using nonparametric statistics.\u0000Results. Statistically significant association of necrosis severity and survival rates was found (P = 0.021). This was true for comparing patients with no necrosis in tumor tissue and extensive foci of necrosis (P = 0.023). MI appeared to be associated with metastases in lymph nodes (P = 0.003) and with distant metastatic lesions (P = 0.029). Significant, direct association of Ki-67 and MI (P < 0.001), MI and PHH3 expression (P < 0.001) was found. However, there was no significant link between Ki-67 and PHH3 rates (P = 0.240). Ki-67 didn’t show any significant association with necrosis and metastases. Also, Ki-67 rates didn’t affect the patient survival. Data on PHH3 expression and their estimation appeared to be rather contradictory. PHH3 expression rates were lower than expected and did not exceed neither Ki-67 rates, nor MI.\u0000Conclusions. MI and necrosis are reliable markers for the assessment of lung NETs aggressiveness. MI is statistically associated with metastatic lesion, while extensive necrosis – with survival rates. Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with MI. No significant association of Ki-67 and PHH3 expression, tumor’s morphological features, disease progression and prognosis was found. Contrary to our expectations, PHH3 showed no diagnostic and prognostic value in lung NETs.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86715987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic aortic aneurysm in pregnancy: morphological analysis of 6 cases","authors":"V. Zakharova, S. Siromakha, J. Roos‐Hesselink, V. Kravchenko, Y. Davydova, V. Lazoryshynets","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.242822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.242822","url":null,"abstract":"Aortic dissection is rare but life-threatening complication in pregnancy, causing significant maternal and perinatal losses. Pregnancy may influence the integrity of the vessel wall and is a risk factor for dissection. There are very few data in the literature on structural changes in the aortic walls during pregnancy complicated by aortic dissection.\u0000Aim. Study of pathological features in the wall of ascending aorta (AA) during or immediately after pregnancy is presented in the article.\u0000Materials and methods. Material after surgical correction of AA in patients during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period was studied. Frozen sections were made from one part of the sample, followed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, as well as Sudan III–IV staining to detect lipids. Paraffin sections were stained with H&E and picrofuchsin (van Gieson’s stain) for differentiation of collagen and muscle fibers, as well as fuchselin (Weigert’s elastic stain).\u0000Results. Six cases of aortic surgery during pregnancy (n = 1) and postpartum period (n = 5) were included: severe aortopathy caused by Marfan syndrome (MS) (n = 3), aortic coarctation with bicuspid aortic valve (n = 1), renal hypertension (n = 1), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 1). Pathohistological studies showed that in all patients who underwent aortic surgery at the end of the third trimester in the early postpartum period changes in aortic wall collagen structure were observed. In contrast, in a pregnant woman with MS and severe aortopathy, who underwent preventive aortic surgery at 19 weeks of gestation, there were no such changes, the morphologic samples showed areas of scarring. In all 6 cases signs of lipoidosis in the AA wall were observed.\u0000All these data require further theoretical study, but clinicians are already faced with the question of the feasibility of preventive surgery in women with severe aortopathy on the preconception stage or during pregnancy.\u0000Conclusions. The specific effect of pregnancy on the AA wall leads to collagen disruption and the appearance of lipoidosis in late pregnancy, which is an important pathomorphological substrate for the occurrence of acute aortic pathology.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72522278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional state of blood lymphocytes in patients with infectious mononucleosis with different course","authors":"Y. Kolesnyk, T. Briukhanova, M. Sliepchenko, O. Nakonechna, O. H. Sorokina","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.239166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.239166","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of our own studies.\u0000The aim was to determine the structural and functional status of blood lymphocytes in patients with acute and prolonged course of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in children.\u0000Materials and methods. 102 children were under clinical and laboratory-instrumental supervision, the children were divided into groups: group 1 – 65 children with IM with an acute course of the disease; group 2 – 37 children with a prolonged course of the disease. All children underwent standard clinical laboratory and instrumental laboratory examinations. The diagnosis of IM was confirmed by PCR (detection of EBV DNA in the blood) and ELISA (anti-EBV IgM and IgG).\u0000Research results. In the study of the structural state of the cytoplasmic membrane of the lymphocytes in the blood of patients with MI in the onset of the disease, it was found that the average values of penetration rate of the electron paramagnetic resonance of spin probes (PR EPR s. p.) in children of both groups were significantly higher than normal (P &lt; 0.001). There are also differences between groups of patients. In this case, the value of PR EPR s. p. in patients with a prolonged course by 15.8 % exceeded those in patients with acute IM (P &lt; 0.001). According to the rate of microviscosity of the intracellular content (MV IC), its values were reduced compared with the control – by 22.1 % (P &lt; 0.001) in patients with acute course of the disease and by 25.1 % – with a prolonged course of IM). In addition, in patients with a prolonged course of the disease, the values were 9 % lower than in the group with acute infectious mononucleosis. When considering immunological parameters, it was found that the indicators of the T-immune system for patients with a prolonged course of the disease in comparison with the alternative group was characterized by a decrease in the content of CD3 &lt;50 % (respectively in 51.3 % and 26.2 % of patients; P &lt; 0.05); CD4 &lt;31 % (62.1 % and 32.4 %, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and CD8 &lt;15 % (37.8 % and 10.8 %, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). With regard to the cytokine profile, the level of IL-1 &lt;20.0 pg/ml was determined 3.5 times more often in patients with a prolonged course of the disease compared to the acute course (64.8 % and 18.5 % of patients, respectively); TNFα &lt;20.0 pg/ml 1.9 times more often (48.6 % and 24.6 %, respectively) and a very high (&gt;30.1 pg/ml) level of IL4 in 40.5 % and 20 %). From the B-system of immunity in patients with a prolonged course of IM in comparison with the acute course increased content of CD22 was more often determined, as well as low levels of IgA, IgM &lt;1.1 g/l and IgG &lt;10.0 g/l.\u0000Conclusions. According to the results of observations, the pathogenetic role of the violation of the structural organization of blood lymphocytes in the formation of IM is established. It was found that these disorders in the form of increased permeability of their cytoplasmic membrane and reduced viscoelastic properties of their intra","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75230152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological features of changes in peripheral olfactory structures in SARS-COV-2 coronavirus infection","authors":"I. Shponka, V. Popovych, О. М. Usova, O. Bondarenko, Y. Haman, H. Z. Shchuruk","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.234369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.234369","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an extremely important and urgent problem of modern medicine. It spreads quickly, has a high probability of a severe course and a large number of critical complications in patients from the risk group. The presence of pathognomonic symptoms, one of which is the development of hypo– or anosmia, makes it possible to quickly differentiate coronavirus infection from other acute respiratory viral infections, that is, to isolate the patient on time and begin correct treatment, taking all possible risks into account.\u0000The aim is to identify the morphological features of olfactory structural elements in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for a better understanding of the mechanisms of olfactory disorders development in coronavirus infection.\u0000Materials and methods. The basis of the work is a retrospective analysis of autopsy material, namely the mucous membrane of the upper parts of the nasal cavity (olfactory epithelium) and olfactory bulbs of nine deceased (4 women and 5 men) aged from 53 to 79 years with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and anosmia in anamnesis. We used standard hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical reactions in accordance with the TermoScientific protocols (USA) with antibodies to neurospecific beta-III tubulin (clone TuJ-1) and RnDsystems protocols with antibodies to olfactory marker protein (OMP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2). To compare the results, a control group of 9 deaths (3 women and 6 men) aged from 59 to 68 years with a laboratory-refuted diagnosis of COVID-19 was formed. The causes of death of these patients were complications of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disorders of the ischemictype.\u0000Results. The average age of the deceased with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and a history of anosmia and the control group was 64.67 ± 7.73 and 62.33 ± 6.48 years, respectively. The expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP) and neurospecific beta-III tubulin (clone TuJ-1) was partially positive (40.89 (25.00–52.00) and 42.44 (29.00–55.00) cells in the field of view at a magnification of 200×, respectively) in seven out of nine sections of the olfactory mucous membrane of deaths with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and anosmia in anamnesis. The reaction with antibodies to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) was focally or subtotally absent (34.33 (14.00–49.00) cells in the field of view at 200× magnification). There was expression of these three markers in control sections of the olfactory mucosa of a deceased with a laboratory excluded diagnosis of COVID-19 and no symptoms of anosmia (Mann–Whitney test, P &lt; 0.05). In sections of olfactory bulbs of patients with COVID-19 weak (Mann–Whitney test, P &lt; 0.05) expression of receptors for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) (26.78 (15.00–39.00) cells in field of view at a magnification of 200×) was revealed in contrast to control sec","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73510178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative metabolism in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and methods of its correction","authors":"A. Denysenko, V. Chernii","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.238811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.238811","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to study changes in metabolism in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) during parathyroid surgical interventions (PTSI), as well as to search for ways to correct them.\u0000Aim. To study metabolism in patients with SHPT with PTSI and assess the possibilities of its correction.\u0000Materials and methods. The study was prospective, not randomized. We studied 135 patients with SHPT with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent PTSI (72 men and 63 women, aged from 19 to 73 years). Preoperative risk ASA III–IV. General anesthesia using the inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane and the narcotic analgesic fentanyl in low-flow mechanical ventilation. Operational monitoring was complemented by the use of indirect calorimetry. In group I (n = 70), the metabolic rate (MR) and basal metabolism rate (BMR) were determined against the background of standard intensive therapy. In group II (n = 65) – target metabolic rate (TMR) and the metabolic disorders (MD) were additionally determined, and intensive therapy was supplemented with glucocorticoids.\u0000Results. The baseline MR in both groups were low, close to BMR. The MR of patients in group I remained low during the entire PTSI (P < 0.05). In group II, from the stage of removal of the parathyroid glands, a steady increase in the MR, with a significant excess of the baseline MR and BMR (P < 0.05), was noted. TMR decreased while exceeding the MR. Group II patients woke up and were transferred to the ward faster compared to group I, and nausea and vomiting were 2.5 times less frequent (9.2 % in group II, 22.9 % in group I). 12 hours after PTSI, feeling of pain, according to the VAS scale, was lower than in group I (P < 0.05). During the day after PTSI, the indicators of the acid-base state of the venous blood of both groups did not change significantly, and the level of ionized calcium decreased (P < 0.05), which required additional intravenous administration of 10 % calcium gluconate.\u0000Conclusions. Perioperative energy monitoring makes it safer to carry out PTSI in patients with SHPT. Additional definition of the TMR and the MD allows for more efficient construction of intensive therapy.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}