Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Biostimulants for Low-Cost Input Solution for Onion Crop (Allium cepa L.) Cultivation in Four Districts of Maharashtra, by Providing Resistance or Tolerance against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses Related to Global Climate Change","authors":"Reji Kurien Thomas, Satyam Khagen Bose","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4198","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of agronomic activities, based on the use of biostimulants, is an important element of agroecological practices. Therefore, a comprehensive field trial was carried out to evaluate the potential of biostimulants in growth promotion across four districts of Maharashtra (Jalna, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad and Nasik). The study aimed to evaluate the candidacy of selected biostimulants in improving onion (Allium cepa L.) extracted from proprietary technology involving adaptive molecular re-engineering for plant growth biostimulants category. Three biostimulants were preliminary analyzed for their nutritional content. Compositional analysis revealed the presence of several macro, micronutrients as well as humic, fulvic acid. The concentration of humic and fulvic acid in sediment extract were ranged from 34-38 and 10.5-10.8 g/100g respectively. The organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ash contents ranged between 54-57,0.4-0.6, 0.3-0.4, and 3.3-7.2% respectively. Ash and total nitrogen content were the same for the extract 0.2% and 7.8% respectively. Onion crops were treated in three different modes, seed treatment, root drenching and foliar spray. Biostimulants were applied in combination with three different levels of chemical fertilizer 50%, 75%, and 100% RDF and compared with Control (100%RDF without biostimulants). Several qualitative and quantitative parameters such as firmness, pungency, neck diameter, bulb diameter, and yield were analysed. \u0000It was observed that all three biostimulants (Asaava, Somrith, and Yuvaani) significantly(P<0.001) affected all the measured plant traits. In addition to this, overall, we found excess chemical fertilizer imposed adverse effect on plant growth parameters. Moreover, it was concluded that with seed treatment followed by root drenching and foliar spray and optimized dosage scheduling, yield can be further improved. The best effect in overall growth and yield potential of the plants were noticed in Asaava treated plants.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121762122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orchids: A Wonderful Ornamental Plant","authors":"Mohammad Faizan Husain, Suhel Eraqui","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4197","url":null,"abstract":"The most exquisite flowers and long-lasting qualities of ORCHIDS make them among God's creations regarded as the most beautiful in the entire world. They are perennial herbs that are members of the Orchidaceae family. In addition to hybrids regularly created, there are reported to be nearly 25000 orchid species spread across 730 genera. Epiphytes include orchids, which are plants that grow on trees. Terrestrial refers to those that grow on the ground. Lithophytes are those that grow on rocks, while saprophytes are some relatively unknown ones that grow on decomposing matter or rotting logs. A few orchid species can grow partially submerged in water, with only the inflorescence occasionally reaching the surface.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"494 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133046130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield Performance of Three Sulawesi Local Aromatic Upland Rice Varieties at Various Planting Spacing Distance with Alley Cropping System","authors":"Muhammad Kadir, Rajony Aty, St. Chadijah","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4195","url":null,"abstract":"The experiement was carried out to examine the production performance of 3 local Sulawesi aromatic upland rice varieties planted with the alley cropping system at various planting distances pattern in Sampano Village, South Larompong District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi from February to June 2022. Plant spacing and selection of more adaptive varieties was one aspect for testing. The plants were laid out in a Split Plots Design in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design. The main plots were 3 local varieties of Ngapa, Sassa, and Latimojong. Subplots were planting spacing consisting of random spacing (spread), 25 cm x 25 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, and 15 cm x 15 cm. The results showed that 15 cm x 15 cm was the best spacing for planting local aromatic upland rice varieties in the alley cropping system which produced 1,433.24 kg dry grain weight per hectare, while Ngappa variety outperformed Sassa and Latimojong by registering 1,350 kg/ha.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Pearl and Small Millets: Taxonomy, Production, Breeding and Future Prospects in Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. El-Hashash, Abdulrahman M. Al-Habeeb, Hamdawi Bakri, Ahmad Yassin Majjami","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4196","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has seen significant development in the last ten years, but it is also struggling with issues like starvation, malnutrition and climate change in the world. Millet crops from flowering plants of cereals crops belonging to the family Poaceae or Gramineae (herbs). Millets are climate-smart crops that achieve nutritional security, develop sustainable diets, provide multiple health benefits, promote sustainable production agriculture, and the fulfillment of the future needs of the ever-growing population as well as create sustainable market opportunities for producers and consumers. In this review, we have attempted to supply information on millet crops including history and taxonomy, germplasm, world production, economic importance, and breeding approaches, as well as millet challenges and prospects in KSA. We underlined the importance of the collection and conservation of millets germplasm which can be of great use in the identification and development of improved millets cultivars with nutritional and health benefits under harsh and changing climatic conditions using breeding conventional and biotechnology methods. Therefore, the promotion of millet could aid attain achieve food and nutritional security of KSA in alignment with the sustainable development goals in Saudi Vision 2030.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"58 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127608990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Yield Responses of Three Cassava Varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Using Two Compound Fertilizers in Humid Tropics, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"T. Lawson, L. D. Gbaraneh, I. Foby","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4194","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment on the growth and yield responses of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using two compound fertilizer types was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University Port Harcourt between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments consisting of three cassava varieties (TME 419, TMS 95/0289, TMS 96/0523) and two compound fertilizer types (NPK 20-10-10, NPK 15-15-15) and a control without fertilizer application were combined in a split plot arrangement with cassava varieties to the main plot while fertilizer types took the subplots, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Parameters evaluated were plant height and leaf number at four weekly interval starting at ten weeks after planting, also tuber number and tuber weight. Results show that cassava variety TME 419 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest plant height (288.3cm) while TMS96/0523 without fertilizer application produced the lowest plant height(199cm) at harvest. Cassava variety TMS 95/0289 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest tuber number per plot (241.3) and per stand (10.1) respectively. Cassava variety TMS 96/0523 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest leaf number per stand (103.3). Application of NPK fertilizer especially NPK 15-15-15 enhances tuber number, leaf number and plant height. Cassava variety TMS 95/0289 produced the highest tuber number and tuber weight. Thus it is recommended that TMS 95/0289 be recommended to farmers as it produced highest tuber number and tuber weight. Also, fertilizer NPK 15-15-15 is a preferred NPK fertilizer as it produced high yield in tuber number per stand and tuber weight.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125296238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Analysis of Avocado Pear and Green Mango: Evaluation of Macro and Micro-Nutrient Content of Peels, Fruit and Seed","authors":"Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, N. Enoch, O. Johnson, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4193","url":null,"abstract":"This research study is aimed at making a comparative analysis of proximate, sugar and vitamin contents in peels, seed and fruits of avocado pear and green mangoes from Awka metropolies. The proximate compositions (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein and carbohydrate), reducing, non-reducing and total sugar were determined using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Collaboration) method. The concentration of vitamin A and C was determined by titration technique in aqueous extract of EDTA/TCA solution and titrating with CUSO4. The result show that moisture content of 10.10% was recorded for avocado peels and 47.50% for mango fruit, while the proximate analysis carried out recorded ash (3.87-7.35%), fiber (3.22-7.85%), protein (0.62-3.11%), fats (2.27-17.50 and carbohydrates (37.70-65.32%). Total sugar content ranges from 2.1mg/100g in mango seed to 16.80 in avocado fruit. Vitamin A ranged from 0.11mg/100g in avocado peels to 1.80mg/100g in avocado fruits, while vitamin C ranged (10.30-26.40MG/100g), vitamin D (0.83-3.10mg/100g) and vitamin E (4.18-12.74MG/100g). Vitamin A ranged from 0.11mg/100g in avocado peels to 1.80mg/100g in avocado fruits, while vitamin C ranged (10.30-26.40MG/100g), vitamin D (0.83-3.10mg/100g) and vitamin E (4.18-12.74MG/100g). \u0000The result showed that peels, seed and fruits of avocado pear and green mangoes contain enough vitamin C, an antioxidant essential for human health hence the need to increase the consumption of these fruits, thus there is need to increase the consumption of these fruits.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117265795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and Yield Components of Onion as Influenced by Intra-Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Rift Valley, Ethiopia","authors":"Mitiku Ashenafi, Sintayehu Tenaye","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4192","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Farmers currently employ nationally approved fertilizer rates and plant spacing when growing onions, but knowledge of plant population density and fertilizer rates that may produce the best bulb production for different cultivars and locations is limited. As a result, gardeners frequently use nonspecific plant population densities for various cultivars, resulting in sub-optimal bulb yields. \u0000Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2019 from August to December to study the effects of intra-row plant spacing and levels of nitrogen on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) variety Nafis under irrigation. \u0000Results: The main effect of intra-row spacing on stand count and both nitrogen levels and intra-row spacing on plant height and the number of leaves per plant was observed. The interaction of nitrogen level and intra-row distance affected days to maturity, leaf length, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, mean bulb weight, marketable and unmarketable bulb yield, and all bulb size categories. Increased intra-row spacing to 10.5 cm and N rate of 82 kg ha-1 increased marketable and total bulb yield by approximately 3.14 and 3.21 t ha-1, respectively, spacing and decreased unmarketable bulb yield by 1.38 t ha-1. \u0000Conclusion: The use of 82 kg ha-1 N at the intra-row spacing of 10.5 cm was optimum for bulb production of onions. 82 kg ha-1 N at 10.5 cm intra-row spacing resulted in the highest net benefit.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117296182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and Community Structure of Arboreal Foraging Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) and Host Plants in Douala, Littoral-Cameroon","authors":"Y. Kayoum, Fouelifack-Nintidem Boris, Y. Agrippine, Tsekane Sedrick Junior, Ngamaleu-Siewe Babell, K. Laure, Moukhtar Mohammadou, M. Kenne","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4191","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Mealybugs are protected on plants by ants for honeydew. They were identified and assemblages were characterized in Douala suburbs (Littoral-Cameroon). \u0000Study Design: Basic information is needed on pest’s occurrence for the pest control strategies. We determined host plants and characterized the community structure of mealybugs and foraging ants. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Field investigations were conducted from March to August 2020 in Douala suburbs in 16 transects (10x1,260 m each) and 126 quadrats (10x10m each). \u0000Methodology: Stems, the underside of leaves, flower buds and fruits were inspected on weeds, plant bases and canopy of trees. Mealybugs and ants were captured. When the plant was highly infested, the average number of insects was determined on 10 randomly chosen plant organs. Abundances were noted and captured specimens were stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified to the species level and the community structure was characterized. \u0000Results: A total of 24,640 specimens belonged to 23 families, 54 genera and 85 species were collected in this research. A low species richness, low diversity and low dominance were detected. Assemblage of foraging ants in Yassa functioned according to the brokend-stick model. Scale insects in Ngoma functioned according to Motomura’s model. Assemblages of host plants in Lendi, Yassa, global host plants, global scale insects, foraging ants in Lendi and the global settlement, functioned according to the lognormal model. Host plants in Ngoma, scale insects in Yassa, and foraging ants in Ngoma functioned according to Zipf’s model while Zipf-Mandelbrot was adapted to scale insects in Lendi suggesting that these communities had sufficient time to develop a complex network of information close to natural environments and presented a fairly regeneration force. \u0000Conclusion: Due to the abundance pest insects, resources are available and once they will be well developed; they will cause plant pathologies and yield loss.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129353743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Zinc Sulphate Levels on Growth and Yield of Squash under Net House Condition","authors":"Sayma Kabir, T. Mostarin, K. Khatun, Samsun Nahar Hashi, Shapla Akter, Khodaiza Banu, Nasir Mahmud, Amir Abdullah Hasnine, Sanchita Roy, M. Samad","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4190","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during November, 2020 to February, 2021. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment had two factors (Different levels of salicylic acid, S0= No salicylic acid (control), S1= 60 ppm of salicylic acid, S2= 90 ppm of salicylic acid and different levels of zinc, Z0= No zinc sulphate (control), Z1= 25 ppm of zinc sulphate, Z2= 50 ppm of zinc sulphate. Different levels of salicylic, zinc sulphate and also their combinations showed significant influence on different growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of squash. The treatment, S2 showed highest results in fruit yield per plant (2422.7 g), fruit yield per plot (9.68 kg) and fruit yield per ha (37.83 t) compared to control. In case of zinc treatments, the highest results in fruit yield per plant (2597.1 g), highest fruit yield per plot (10.38 kg) and highest fruit yield per ha (31.74 t) were found from Z1 compared to control. Likewise, the treatment combination of S2Z1 (90 ppm of salicylic acid and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate) gave the highest fruit yield per plant (3045.4 g) fruit yield per plot (12.18 kg) and highest yield per ha (47.57 t) where the lowest results were found from the treatment combination of S0Z0 (control). The highest gross return (BDT 1189425), net return (BDT 881669) and BCR (3.86) were obtained from the treatment combination of S2Z1 where the lowest was obtained from S0Z0. It can be concluded that from economic point of view, S2Z1 (90 ppm of salicylic acid and 25 ppm of zinc sulphate) treatment combination is suitable for squash cultivation than other treatment combinations.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127313688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Aspergillus flavus on Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Incubated at Different Regimes of Light and Two Temperatures","authors":"Abasiofon Udo, Kuromiayebaye Digitemie, V. Okereke","doi":"10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i4189","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to ascertain the effect of light regimes (continuous day light, continuous darkness and alternating day light and darkness) on the growth of A. flavus on tiger nut at temperature of 28oC and 30oC. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated 10 times. A. flavus was isolated from naturally infected tiger nuts obtained from different sellers at Delta Park, Abuja Park and Choba campus, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The isolation and sub-culturing were done using Malt Extract Agar (MEA). A tiger nut-based-medium (15ml/Plate) was centrally inoculated with 6-day-old inoculums of A. flavus and incubated appropriately. Assessment of fungal growth was done daily for 10 days and mycelia diameter and mycelia growth rate obtained from the data. Result from the statistical analysis showed that the effect of light regime and temperature on the mycelia diameter of A. flavus was highly significant (P<0.001) and the interaction between light regime and temperature was also significant (P<0.0.01). Growth rate also showed significant (P<0.001) main effect of temperature and light regime and the light regimes x temperature was also significant (P=0.03). The highest mycelia growth rate and mycelia diameter occurred in continuous day light, followed by continuous darkness and finally alternating day light and darkness, with all higher at 30oC. Thus, storage of tiger nut under continuous day light and/or at temperature 28oC and above should be discouraged, in order to reduce microbial spoilage caused by Aspergillus flavus.","PeriodicalId":415976,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}