Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law最新文献

{"title":"Introduction to Volume VIII","authors":"V. Sutton","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2017-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2017-0017","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to publish Volume VIII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VIII is an article entitled Psychological Evaluations for the U.S. Army Biological Personnel Reliability Program by Captain Scott Salvatore of the U.S. Public Health Service. In it, Capt. Salvatore examines the Department of Defense and Federal Agencies’ charge of determining the most suitable and reliable personnel for work within biodefense laboratories. Further, the article highlights military Personnel Reliability Programs that are aimed to enhance personnel’s safety, security, and health and includes a framework for relevant procedural and legal issues. The remaining articles selected for Volume VIII are divided into two subject matter areas. The first addresses new challenges facing biosecurity law. The second focuses on national biosecurity law. Finally, Volume VIII also contains a transcript on a panel lecture entitled Zika Threat: Legal Issues and Public Health. Facilitated by Dr. Annette Sobel, Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, the five-member panel discussed issues facing public policy makers and how those policies should be approached concerning the Zika virus and public health threats. The first section explores social media. Author Megan Saltzman’s article Social Media Mining: Can We Prevent the Apocalypse? discusses security concerns and public health weighted against rights to personal privacy. Patrick Mehaffy examines Zika virus as a novel threat to both the public and the existing infrastructure of the government and what we can learn from the virus in Zika: A Test Case. Last, Michael Bostic features the phenomenon of antibiotic cycling and the legal implications that scientists and medicine may not have considered in The Legal Implications of Antibiotic Cycling to Reduce Resistance. The second section begins with author Ilse Kirchgraber illustrating issues stemming from international travel and infectious disease. In International Travel and Contagious Diseases – Should We Have Health Regulations for Entry into the United States? Mrs. Kirchgraber analyzes such issues as due process, the","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128189164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Implications of Antibiotic Cycling to Reduce Resistance","authors":"M. Bostic","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Some experts say we are moving back to the pre-antibiotic era. No. This will be a post-antibiotic era. In terms of new replacement antibiotics, the pipeline is virtually dry. A post-antibiotic era means, in effect, an end to modern medicine as we know it. Things as common as strep throat or a child’s scratched knee could once again kill. Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127048530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Travel and Contagious Diseases – Should Health Regulations for Entry into the United States Be More Strictly Enforced?","authors":"Ilse Kirchgraber","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, man has traveled to new lands in search of new economic opportunities. However, germs, transported as stowaways alongside families and household goods, presented as unwelcome “gifts” to new neighbors. “Migration of humans has been the pathway for disseminating infectious diseases throughout recorded history ... .” As civilizations grew through migration, so did the spread of infectious diseases. Controlling the introduction of diseases to the population, usually through the imposition of quarantine on the weary traveler, became a focal point for governments. However, in the rush to protect constituents from any sort of contagion, the traveler’s individual rights would fall to the wayside. Such was the case in the early history of the United States, where immigrants were subjected to strict health regulations for the smallest sign of any infectious condition upon their arrival in the United States. In the early 1900s, even before setting foot on American soil, emigrants were subjected to United States health regulations. Before the ship docked in the","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military Humanitarian Intervention: A New War on Disease?","authors":"Ashleigh Hammer","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the largest and most devastating outbreak of the disease that history has ever witnessed. As of March 3, 2016, there have been 28,639 total reported cases of Ebola and 11,316 confirmed deaths. 2 This unprecedented epidemic affected nations across the globe, including the United States, and threatened the political, economic, and social stability of world order. Sensing the national security implications to the United States, President Obama announced that he was committing 3,000 United States troops to West Africa in September 2014 to combat and control the devastating outbreak of Ebola. The Office of the White House Press Secretary announced:","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114707127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika 2016: A Test Case","authors":"Patrick Mehaffy","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere at the beginning of 2016 has the world on edge. The virus, while not nearly as frightening as a new, far more virulent, strain of hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola, is still a major public health concern. The complications of the virus can cripple and, in rare cases, kill adults. The risks of what can happen to children born to mothers who are infected with Zika during pregnancy have dominated the media since January of 2016 and are well known. Worse still, microcephaly may not be the worst that Zika can do to unborn children. The Zika virus outbreak is the first international outbreak of a serious disease since Ebola. The virus will test the effectiveness of improvements made by governments following the Ebola outbreak. This case is important to Texas for a few reasons. First, Texas has made some significant changes to its public health laws following the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak. Second, most highly populated areas in Texas are known habitats of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is the primary transmission vector for the Zika virus. Third, Texas has a large amount of international travel. There are fourteen international airports, two of the busiest ports in the United States, and four border crossing points with Mexico. Fourth, Texas has cases of dengue fever, a mosquito borne disease carried by the Ae. aegypti mosquito that is caused by a virus that is related to the Zika virus. This means that Texas has a high likelihood of having Zika make it to its borders and spread naturally. This paper will discuss the existing public health law regarding the response to a serious disease outbreak. It will cover the international, federal, and state level responses, with a focus on the state level responses. The paper then will make recommendations on potential ways to improve the public health apparatus and any constitutional concerns that these improvements may raise.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Volume VII","authors":"V. Sutton","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to publish Volume VII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as a theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VII is an article entitled Control Groups on Trial: The Ethics of Testing Experimental Ebola Treatments by Professor Carl H. Coleman of Seton Hall University School of Law. In it, Professor Coleman explores the ethical arguments and controversies of conducting experimental clinical drug trials of Ebola treatments during the 2013–2016 outbreak. The remaining articles selected for Volume VII are divided into three subject-matter areas. The first addresses distributive justice in the biosecurity context. The second focuses on domestic biosecurity threats. Finally, the third addresses public health emergencies and legal preparedness. The first section features one article on distributive justice and biosecurity. Author Justin Foster in his article Do Not Hit Print: The Impact of 3D Printing on Distributive Justice and Why Regulations are Necessary to Prevent Consumer 3D Vaccine Printers highlights the security concerns of 3D biological printers and the importance of regulating these printers, especially during a mass outbreak as manufacturers are able to develop and distribute vaccines more quickly than ever before. The second section analyzes threats to our national biosecurity. Nicholas Custred begins by examining the legal tools available to Texas in controlling the spread of dengue-infected mosquitos and dengue-infected immigrants in Dengue Fever: A Border Threat Without a Safety Net? Second, in The Elephant in the Room: Is HIV/AIDS a Present National Security Threat and What Needs to be Done to Combat this Issue? Nolan McConville discusses an undeveloped nation’s inability to build an effective health system and the effect this has on the continued spread of HIV around the world, which continues to threaten","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It’s a Small World After All: Dealing with the Aftermath of the Disneyland Measles Outbreak","authors":"M. Rozbicki","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine in your mind a little boy named Johnny. Johnny’s sixth birthday was quickly approaching, and all he wanted to do was to go to Disneyland for his birthday with his newborn brother, Colton. With their parents’ approval, Johnny and Colton went to Disneyland with their parents a few days before Christmas in 2014. Soon after, tragedy struck as Johnny’s family of four turned into a family of three as they helplessly watched Colton suffer not from the common cold or the flu, but from measles. On January 7, 2015, the California Department of Public Health warned the public that an unvaccinated visitor, who entered one or both Disneyland Parks in Los Angeles during December 17–20, 2014, might be connected to 7 confirmed cases of measles in California and 2 in Utah. One month later, there were 110 confirmed cases of measles in California alone. Additionally, 15 confirmed cases were linked to the Disneyland outbreak in Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, Oregon, Utah, and Washington; and 11 in Mexico and Canada.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federalism in the Time of SARS: A Comparative Analysis of the Response to Public Health Threats in Federalist Societies","authors":"Tuong H. Ha","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"In the fall of 2001, several news media offices and two democratic U.S. Senators received letters containing anthrax spores. This attack killed five people and infected seventeen others. In early 2003, an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) crippled an unprepared Canada, infecting over four hundred Canadians and resulting in forty-four fatalities. In the spring of 2011, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) of Germany was notified of a cluster of cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) near Hamburg, Germany. In 2009, Victoria was the first Australian state to report widespread transmission of","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134453029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Super Security Measures Needed to Prevent Attacks on the Super Bowl (and other “Mass Gatherings”)?","authors":"Austin Franklin","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Football is an aggressive, violent game that has evolved over time and taken over the psyche of the American people. Although baseball claims the moniker of “America’s pastime,” football was the most popular sport among Americans for forty-three consecutive years as of 2009, according to an annual survey conducted by Harris Interactive. The record for the highest attendance at a Super Bowl was 103,985, which occurred in 1980 for Super Bowl XIV between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the LA Rams at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The largest crowd ever recorded for any NFL game was 112,376 fans who gathered to watch the Dallas Cowboys play the Houston Oilers in 1994 at Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. As the popularity of football continues","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The BWC’s Prohibition of Biological Weapons: Reality or Rhetoric?","authors":"Jessica Schneider","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2014-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2014-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, mankind has been “plagued” by naturally occurring diseases. Diseases like bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza have demolished populations and communities, killing millions of people around the world. We now have medicines, vaccines, and other advances in the health sciences that have largely eradicated many infectious disease concerns. But now, in addition to the risks posed by nature, the world faces the threat of bioterrorism. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (“BWC”) prohibits bioterrorism, but actually enforcing its terms is what it, and the rest of the international community, does worst. While the BWC is progress towards an international agreement on the prohibition of biological weapons and the enforcement thereof, the current state of the treaty lacks an enforcement mechanism and is therefore more rhetoric than reality.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133082949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}