Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)最新文献

{"title":"Brain-IT: Targeting the brain using information technology for secondary prevention of mild neurocognitive disorder","authors":"P. Manser, E.D. de Bruin","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss021","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000A collaborative international guideline recommends physical exercise (PE) for the secondary prevention of mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD; Veronese et al., 2023). PE is proposed to promote brain plasticity, maintain or increase cognitive reserve, and alleviate the pathological state in individuals with mNCD, which is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of proteins, excessive oxidative stress, metabolic disorder, and neuroinflammation within the brain (Lu et al., 2023). Individuals with mNCD often also have disrupted self-regulatory capacity to flexibly adapt to daily life challenges. This capacity is supported by the central autonomic network (CAN), which can be viewed as an integrated component of an internal regulatory system in which the brain controls visceromotor, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses that are critical for goal-directed behavior, adaptability, and health (Thayer, 2009). To maximize the effectiveness of secondary prevention of mNCD, interventions should be designed to also target this network specifically. This could be achieved by combining motor-cognitive training with resonance breathing guided by heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF). HRV-BF training aims to increase cardiac autonomic control, enhance homeostatic regulation, and regulate emotional state. It is effective in improving cardiac autonomic control, cognitive functioning (in particular executive functions), and emotional regulation (i.e., by decreasing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) across different age groups and clinical populations (Laborde et al., 2022; Lehrer et al., 2020). Evidence also supports a causal role of cardiac autonomic control in modulating plasma Alzheimer’s disease-related biomarkers (Min et al., 2023). Although HRV-BF has been suggested as a complementary treatment (Lehrer et al., 2020), its combination with motor-cognitive training remains to be investigated.\u0000Methods\u0000We systematically designed, developed, and evaluated a novel training concept (called ‘Brain-IT’) specifically for older adults with mNCD. It addresses the mechanism of action described above. The projects’ methodology (Manser & de Bruin, 2021) followed the guidelines of the Medical Research Council for the development and evaluation of complex interventions as well as the Multidisciplinary Iterative Design of Exergames (MIDE) - Framework. The Brain-IT project was structured in three phases. In phase 1, we systematically combined a comprehensive literature synthesis (Manser & de Bruin, 2021) with qualitative research including primary end users (older adults with mNCD), secondary end users (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, healthcare professionals), exergaming researchers, as well as experts from the exergaming industry (Manser et al., 2023) to specify a set of design requirements for the Brain-IT training concept. In phase 2, possible concepts were co-designed and elaborated based on the set of design requirements defined i","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"64 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventricular arrhythmia burden during different physical activities in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Preliminary analysis","authors":"F. Beltrami, Kyle G. P. J. M. Bolye, C. Brunckhorst, F. Duru, Christina M. Spengler, A. Saguner","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss027","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Patients suffering from arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) should avoid intense endurance exercise to reduce the risk of adverse cardiac events and disease progression. On the other hand, an active lifestyle might be preferable to a sedentary one, which also brings a host of complications. Evidence for safe levels of physical activity in ARVC, however, is scarce. This is study aimed to describe the ventricular arrhythmia burden - estimated as the prevalence of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) - of different exercise modalities and intensities on ARVC patients. \u0000Methods \u0000The pilot analysis includes four (1F, 33 ± 12 yrs, BMI 24 ± 4 kg/m2) ARVC patients harboring a pathogenic plakophilin-2 variant and carrying an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator performed different exercises while monitored via 12-lead ECG. The order of modalities was randomized and participants instructed to stop when surpassing perceived exertion of 15 on the Borg 6-20 scale. Resistance exercises included two-legged squats and single arm biceps curls (each with 20 repetitions and 2 min duration) while endurance exercise included 5 min of treadmill walking, 3 min cycling bouts at heart rate (HR) of 80, 100 and 120 bpm as well as cycling at 120 bpm with 2 additional min of active cool down. Blood lactate concentration was assessed at the end of the cycling bouts. \u0000Results \u0000No adverse cardiac event were noted and no exercise was terminated for medical reasons. During walking HR was 76 ± 8 bpm, whereas PVC burden was 11 ± 6% (range 4-18%). Cycling at 82 ± 4 bpm induced a PVC burden of 7 ± 5% (range 3- 14%), which increased to 13 ± 8% (range 3- 21%) at 93 ± 2 bpm and further to 16 ± 16% (range 7-37%) at 105 ± 3 bpm. In all three modalities the PVC burden was higher in the first 3 min of recovery than during the activity itself. Adding a 2 min active cool down increased the PVC burden to 25 ± 16% (range 6-45%). 2-legged squats performed at 101 ± 15 bpm had a PVC burden of 9 ± 12%, which increased to 19 ± 14% at recovery. One arm biceps curls at 75 ± 13 bpm had a PVC burden of 4 ± 3% during the activity and 9 ± 5% during recovery. Perception of effort varied widely when cycling at 80 bpm (range 6-12) or 100 bpm (range 8-14), but less so at 120 bpm (range 13-15). Blood lactate concentration when cycling at 120 bpm ranged between 2.2 and 3.5 mmol/L, typically associated with exercise in the “heavy” intensity domain. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000ARVC patients present a high, intensity-dependent PVC burden during exercise and short-term recovery. However, we observed widely different PVC burdens and perceived exertion at a given HR during different exercise modalities, which calls for personalized recommendations on physical activity. Exercises with small muscle mass seem to minimize the PVC burden and training the different muscles separately could be an interesting avenue to maintain physical fitness in ARVC patients.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"100 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exposition to glycol ethers on heart rate recovery, parasympathetic modulation and oxygen diffusion at rest and during exercise","authors":"N. Bourdillon, H. Paschoud, N. Hopf, Jennifer Pache, Pascal Wild, Giorgio Manferdelli, Grégoire P. Millet, Myriam Borgatta","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Daily exposition to ether glycols is common. Caretakers using cleaning products are critically exposed by combining physical activity with exposition to highly concentrated products. Previous animal studies showed hemato-, respiratory and autonomic nervous system toxicity amongst others. Yet, no controlled study explored the combination of an exposition to glycol ethers with physical activity in humans.\u0000Methods\u000030 young healthy participants were exposed a control condition (ambient air) and to one of three vaporized glycol ethers: propylene glycol n-propyl ether (PGPE, 25 ppm, n = 10) or propylene glycol ethyl ether (PGEE, 35 ppm, n = 10) or propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME, 35 ppm, n = 10) in a single-blind cross-over design. They performed an orthostatic test (5-min supine, 5-min standing) and a 6-min steady-state exercise at 1.5 W/kg followed by 10-min recovery in PGPE/PGEE conditions. In addition, an incremental exercise to exhaustion followed in PGME condition. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured throughout the protocol, Heart rate recovery (HRR) was assessed during the 10-min recovery post steady-state exercise. Root-mean-square of the successive differences (RMSSD), power spectrum of the low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands, tau, amplitude and T30 were computed for HRR. Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cardiac output (using thoracic impedance) were measured for PGME exposition. PO2, PCO2 and pH were measured regularly via arterialized and venous blood sampling.\u0000Results\u0000Resting values of supine LF (1,180 ± 851 vs. 2,993 ± 2,259 ms2) and standing RMSSD (32 ± 17 vs. 41 ± 17 ms) increased under PGEE. Supine and standing HR decreased under PGPE (65.5 ± 4.8 vs. 61.3 ± 6.9 and 83.8 ± 7.0 vs. 76.1 ± 10.0 bpm) whereas standing RMSSD (26.6 ± 10.0 vs. 37.0 ± 14.9 ms) and LF (825 ± 474 vs. 2,028 ± 1,471 ms2) increased.  Parasympathetic reactivation (e.g., RMSSD, LF and HF) was increased post-exercise under exposition to all three glycol ethers. In addition, amplitude significantly increased when exposed to PGEE. However, unexpectedly, HRR was neither slowed nor speeded. Finally, no differences were observed in any NIRS variables or cardiac output. Accordingly, the modelled muscle oxygen diffusion coefficient was not modified between any solvent conditions. Arterialized blood pH (7.35 ± .06 vs. 7.39 ± .04) and PaCO2 (34.1 ± 5.0 vs. 35.7 ± 4.3 mmHg) increased whilst PaO2 (81.8 ± 9.7 vs. 77.9 ± 10.6 mmHg) decreased.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion:\u0000The decrease in supine/standing HR associated with a general increase in HRV during recovery likely indicate an increase in parasympathetic modulation, which is compatible with the sedative effects of glycol ethers previously described in animal models. However, HR recovery was not altered. Despite no change in the O2 diffusion coefficient, there was an increase in PaCO2, a decrease in PaO2 and an increase in blood pH, all indicative of potential impaired blood oxygenation during exerci","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of expiratory flow limitations between normoxia and hypoxia","authors":"Raberin Antoine, Giorgio Manferdelli, Forrest Schorderet, N. Bourdillon, Grégoire P. Millet","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss066","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) refers to the inability to generate higher airflow despite greater respiratory effort and is common in both men and women. In normoxic condition, EFL is contingent upon an imbalance between ventilatory demands and capacity. Since hypoxia is known to alter ventilatory drive and pattern, it may influence the development of EFL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the origin of EFL in hypoxia and its repeatability and persistence during exercise in hypoxia. \u0000Method \u0000Fifty-one healthy active individuals (27 men and 24 women) performed a lung function test and a maximal incremental exercise test on a cycle-ergometer in normoxia and hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.14) on two separate visits. Ventilatory capacity, assessed using the slope ratio (SR), were evaluated from maximal flow volume curve analyses. \u0000Results \u0000During exercise in normoxia, 28 participants exhibited EFL (55%). Another set of 28 participants exhibited EFL in hypoxia but they were not all the same individuals as those in normoxia. In normoxia, both SR and maximum minute ventilation (V̇E) were higher in the EFL group than the non-EFL group (p = 0.029 and p <0.001; respectively). However, in hypoxia, only maximum V̇E was higher in the EFL group compared to non-EFL group (p = 0.006). \u0000Participants were then classified into 4 groups according to the occurrence of EFL in both normoxia and hypoxia: non-EFL in both conditions (non-EFLN/H, n = 18), EFL in both conditions (EFLN/H, n = 23), EFL developed only in normoxia (EFLN+/H-, n = 5), EFL developed only in hypoxia (EFLN-/H+, n = 5). \u0000The EFLN+/H- group showed different V̇E changes between normoxia and hypoxia (-13.5 ± 7.8%) compared to the EFLN-/H+ (+6.7 ± 6.3%) and the non-EFLN/H groups (+5.1 ± 10.3%; p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). The difference with the EFLN/H (-1.7 ± 8.0%) did not reach significance (p = 0.057). Breathing frequency changes between normoxia and hypoxia were different between the EFLN-/H+ group (+4.6 ± 12.9%) and the EFLN+/H- group (-11.7 ± 13.1%) (p = 0.039). Normoxia to hypoxia decrease in maximal oxygen uptake was not significantly larger in the EFL N+/H- group (-18.4 ± 3.4%) than in the EFL EFLN-/H+ group (-10.3 ± 5.4%; p = 0.087). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000Hypoxia altered EFL development since there was a shift in the individuals who exhibited flow limitation between normoxia and hypoxia. This can be attributed to the extent of ventilatory reserve utilization. Specifically, those who developed EFL exclusively in hypoxia exhibited a significant increase in V̇E whereas those with EFL only in normoxia experienced a significant decrease in V̇E. Notably in hypoxia, the ventilatory capacity did not differ between individuals with EFL and those without. This observation suggests that in hypoxia, the development of EFL relied more on ventilatory demands than on ventilatory capacity.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"82 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assessment of strength abilities in climbing: Impact of skill level","authors":"Carla Zihlmann, P. Ritsche, Martin Keller, Daniel Zobrist, Lisa Reissner, Peter Wolf","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss085","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Many climbers believe that they are stronger in crimp finger position than in open hand position. However, compared to open hand, crimped fingers are associated with higher pulley forces increasing the risk of injuries. Climbing expertise may influence the estimation of strength, i.e., the better the climber, the better the self-assessment. This study therefore aimed to find out whether climbing expertise influences self-assessment of finger flexor strength in half-crimp and in open hand position. \u0000Methods \u0000Data was collected at the Hands-On Science Booth of the Climbing World Championships in Bern. Participants had to fill out a questionnaire including a self-assessment of their climbing expertise and of their maximum finger strength for both hands as well as both finger positions. Afterwards, maximum finger strength was measured on an instrumented campus board: Participants placed the to-be-measured hand on a self-selected rung (depth of 23 mm) and then tried to transfer as much force as possible from their feet to their fingers. \u0000Results \u0000The analysis was based on 38 intermediate and 36 advanced climbers. Due to the limited number of participants in the lower grade (n = 0) and elite (n = 2) level, those skill levels were not considered. Advanced climbers generated significantly greater forces than intermediate climbers across all four measured conditions (t-tests, all p < 0.01). For both groups, neither in the dominant nor in the non-dominant hand a significant difference in maximum force was observed, e.g., dominant hand, intermediates:  or advanced climbers: . Intermediate climbers did neither over- nor underestimate their strength in half-crimp position compared to open hand (paired t-test, p = 0.91 for dominant, p = 0.077 for non-dominant hand). In contrast to the dominant hand, advanced climbers significantly overestimated their strength in half-crimp position for the non-dominant hand (on average 9%, Cohen’s d 0.64, p < 0.01). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000Our results confirm the positive correlation between finger strength and climbing level. We also confirm that on a 23 mm rung, greater forces can be generated with in open hand compared to half-crimp (Winkler et al., 2023). With larger hold depths, force generated in open hand significantly increases (Amca et al., 2012), while for smaller holds, force exerted in half-crimp position exceeds that of open hand (Winkler et al., 2023). Hence, at least for larger holds, we recommend adopting an open hand position as preventive measure against finger injuries. Advanced climbers may tend to inaccurately self-assess their strength due to their greater engagement with peers, potentially leading to the circulation of misinformation. Note that participants were instructed to provide a general self-assessment of their strength rather than for a 23 mm deep rung, i.e., they may have had a smaller hold in mind. \u0000References \u0000Amca, A. M., Vigouroux, L., Aritan, S., & Berton, E. (2012). Effect of","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"330 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and practices in international sport federations to gain and maintain legitimacy","authors":"Josephine Clausen, E. Bayle","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss012","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000International sport federations (IFs) are today part of complex ecosystems (Bayle, 2023). As governing bodies, they are regulators and define and sanction sporting and participation rules. IFs are further organizers of international sport events, some of which attract large audiences and investments. In this role, IFs have to satisfy diverging demands of multiple stakeholders (Chappelet, 2021). Additionally, IFs have become important social, economic and political actors. They are employers and as such contribute to the local economy and have a corporate social responsibility. And with sport being increasingly interwoven with money, power, politics and state interests, IFs also influence and are influenced by geopolitics. This has entailed corruption and self-enrichment on one side of the spectrum, and it enabled peace processes and development on the other side. In this complex web of mission, expectations and pressures, how do IFs gain/maintain legitimation?\u0000Methods\u0000Using literature research and desk research, we first focus on the role and mission of IFs since their creation and illustrate an overview of the changing expectations against which IFs sought/seek legitimacy (historical timeline). Reflecting the conceptual model of Bayle and Clausen (2023, under review) on IFs’ organizational performance and its operationalization, we then map explicit and implicit performance indicators that derive from IFs’ mission and the multiple social, economic and political activities they have embraced over the past decades. Based on this mapping, we discuss IFs’ strategies to meet expectations and pressures that result from these performance indicators. We conclude the presentation with an assessment of the interrelation between expectations towards IFs, strategies developed by IFs, and internal/external performance control mechanisms based on five interviews.\u0000Results\u0000The social, political, and economic influence of IFs is largely recognized today. Yet, their legitimacy as non-profit governing bodies of sport in the eyes of prominent stakeholders (e.g., IOC, governments, sponsors) is currently reduced to their ability to comply with dominant governance and sustainability frameworks. As a result of this narrow focus, academics and practitioners have developed a good understanding and monitoring mechanisms of IFs’ governance practices. On the other hand, IFs’ performance and legitimacy from a mission and purpose perspective is greatly understudied.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000One of the challenges in defining performance indicators for IFs is their broad societal mission. Firstly, the impact of IFs’ activities to contribute to some sort of societal betterment is difficult to measure. And secondly, the priorities of societal issues change (e.g., poverty, health, climate). Any performance measurement system for IFs therefore needs to be dynamic to address both IFs’ mission and evolving external expectations.\u0000References\u0000Bayle, E. (2023). A model for the ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventing safe sport: Comparing Swiss and global strategies","authors":"Benjamin Carr","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss035","url":null,"abstract":"The revelations from the Magglingen Protocols article (Gertsch & Krogerus, 2020) brought a spotlight of Switzerland’s national attention to the issues concerning safeguarding against maltreatment in sport. The experiences of the athletes featured in the article were certainly not the first, nor the last, of their kind in Switzerland, and much less in the world. While the International Olympic Committee provided guidelines for international federations and national Olympic committees to follow in the development of their own safeguarding programs (Burrows, 2017), the implementation of such programs varies considerably. Few, if any, in the emerging field would claim to have found the “right” way to handle the many facets of safeguarding, which are complexified by sociocultural norms and definitions, sport-specific practices, and local jurisprudence. Questions about who within the sports ecosystem is responsible, and for what, in the safeguarding process lack consensus, and countries have answered them in their own ways. Fundamentally, the philosophical notions of what constitutes “abuse,” “maltreatment,” “care,” and “wellbeing” (among others) underpin any attempt to understand the safeguarding problem and respond to it with policy. The cultural differences in the meanings behind these notions leads consequently to the dissimilar implementation of efforts to address them. This presentation proposes a critical reflection on the strategic efforts globally and within Switzerland to understand and frame the issue of safeguarding to create a unified approach in policy making. While not an exhaustive comparison of every nation’s approach, the reflection will compare the Swiss strategy with certain notable examples, highlighting what pressing moral and philosophical questions the Swiss strategy has yet to answer. \u0000References \u0000Burrows, K. (2017). IOC Safeguarding Toolkit for IFs and NOCs. International Olympic Committee. https://d2g8uwgn11fzhj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/18105952/IOC_Safeguarding_Toolkit_ENG_Screen_Full1.pdf \u0000Gertsch, C., & Krogerus, M. (2020, October 31). Die Magglingen Protokolle. Tages-Anzeiger Das Magazin. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wie-turnerinnen-in-magglingen-gebrochen-werden-170525604713","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow waves during deep sleep support cardiac function","authors":"S. Huwiler, M. Carro-Domínguez, F. Stich, R. Sala, F. Aziri, A. Trippel, Tabea Ryf, Susanne Markendorf, D. Niederseer, Philipp Bohm, Gloria Stoll, Lily Laubscher, Jeivicaa Thevan, Christina M. Spengler, Joanna Gawinecka, Elena Osto, Reto Huber, Nicole Wenderoth, Christian Schmied, C. Lustenberger","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The role of sleep in cardiovascular health, particularly the impact of deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is gaining interest in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (Grandner et al., 2016). Essentially slow waves, prominent brain oscillations during deep sleep, seem to represent an important cardiovascular recovery process for the human body. However, to date, the specific mechanisms through which sleep affects cardiovascular function and whether slow waves accelerate recovery remain elusive.\u0000Methods\u0000Here, we explored the role of slow waves in promoting cardiovascular function. In this randomized, cross-over trial involving 18 healthy male participants (Huwiler et al., 2023), we investigated how experimentally enhancing slow waves via auditory stimulation (Huwiler et al., 2022) impacts cardiovascular dynamics during sleep and next-day cardiac function, assessed via an echocardiography. All participants underwent three experimental nights including two conditions for slow wave enhancement and one SHAM control condition while brain oscillatory, blood pressure, and cardiac dynamics were continuously measured during sleep.\u0000Results\u0000Using a linear mixed-effect model approach, we found auditory stimulation to significantly increase slow wave activity (F(2, 33.095) = 11.397, p < 0.001) during times of stimulation. This slow wave enhancement coincided with a dynamic cardiovascular activation, indicated through short increases in blood pressure and a biphasic heart rate response. After sleep, we found a significant increase in general longitudinal strain (F(2, 34) = 81.17, p < 0.001), an increase in left-ventricular ejection fraction (F(2, 34) = 4.55, p = 0.018), and a decrease in E/e’ ratio (F(2, 34) = 3.38, p = 0.046) for both slow wave stimulation conditions compared to SHAM.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000We show that slow wave stimulation induces a cardiovascular activation response possibly related to increasing cardiovascular stability during sleep (De Zambotti et al., 2016). Moreover, we demonstrate that slow wave stimulation enhances left-ventricular systolic and diastolic function, both together indicating improved cardiac function. Altogether, this points towards the functional involvement of slow waves in promoting cardiovascular health. Therefore, sleep slow wave stimulation may be considered a potential supplementary method in treating cardiovascular diseases involving decreased left-ventricular function. Furthermore, our findings hint that enhancing slow waves could potentially optimize post-exercise recovery processes and increase cardiovascular well-being.\u0000References\u0000De Zambotti, M., Willoughby, A. R., Franzen, P. L., Clark, D. B., Baker, F. C., & Colrain, I. M. (2016). K-complexes: Interaction between the central and autonomic nervous systems during sleep. Sleep, 39(5), 1129–1137. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5770\u0000Grandner, M. A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Shetty, S., Shenoy, S., & Combs, D. (2016). Slee","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and validity of portable dynamometers in testing shoulder and shoulder girdle strength: A systematic review","authors":"Urs Minder, Claudio Perret, U. Arnet, Franziska Bossuyt","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000The prevalence of shoulder pain is high in overhead athletes and in wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Especially in the latter, shoulder pain can have detrimental consequences for an individual's mobility, participation, and quality of life. Shoulder problems have been associated with high and/or repetitive loads induced by for example overhead activities, as well as manual wheelchair activities (Leong et al., 2019; Morrow et al., 2011). Modifiable risk factors for shoulder pain are related to the capacity of the shoulder musculature and include the relative strength or lack of force in certain shoulder muscles (Mulroy et al., 2015). Although isokinetic dynamometers are considered the gold standard in assessing muscle strength, they are typically not available in a therapy or training setting. Strength measurements with portable dynamometers offer a more feasible and financially affordable alternative. To assess changes in muscle strength over time, reliable and valid shoulder and shoulder girdle muscle strength tests are required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify validated and reliable portable dynamometer protocols to assess changes in shoulder strength in the general population and wheelchair users with SCI over time. \u0000Methods \u0000A literature search was performed with defined terms from the three main concepts “shoulder joint”, “strength testing” and “reproducibility of results”. The electronic search strategy was developed with the help of a librarian and adapted for the following databases: PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library (Central register of controlled trials), Web of Science (Core Collection), CINAHL. The population of interest was the general population (≥ 18 years) with and without shoulder pain with a special focus on wheelchair users with SCI. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, quality assessment and data extraction was performed using Covidence.org. For quality assessment selected boxes from the “COSMIN Risk of Bias tool” were used. Data extraction was performed by two independent authors. The main outcome measures extracted where test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and minimum detectable difference) and concurrent validity (intraclass correlation coefficient). \u0000Results \u0000Trough systematic search 8,020 studies were identified for screening. Initially 2,267 were excluded as duplicates and 5,647 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. 106 full-texts have been screened. As data extraction is ongoing the results of reliability and validity of portable dynamometer in testing shoulder strength will be presented at the conference. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000As data extraction is ongoing the discussion and conclusion will be presented at the conference. \u0000References \u0000Leong, H. T., Fu, S. C., He, X., Oh, J. H., Yamamoto, N., & Yung, S. H. P. (2019). Risk factors for rotator cuff tendinopathy: A systematic review and me","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"379 4-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning in elite sport – A narrative review of scholarship in sport psychology","authors":"Violetta Oblinger-Peters, Kristoffer Henriksen, Noora J. Ronkainen","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Athletes’ heart-felt stories about their experiences in elite sport almost naturally evoke the notion of meaning. However, although various scholars and practitioners have suggested the concept of meaning to the sport psychology audience in the past two decades (e.g., Beckmann, 2023; Ravizza, 2002; Ronkainen & Nesti, 2020), its study in this discipline is still in the early stages compared to established psychological scholarship on the topic. To promote meaning as a complementary lens for research and applied work in sport psychology, the presentation aims to introduce the concept informed by psychological inquiry, and to synthesize and critically comment on the extant scholarship. For this, the wider meaning in life literature will be drawn on to give an overview of components, sources, pathways, and qualities of meaning and set it apart from the related concept of purpose.\u0000Methods\u0000A narrative review of 15 studies on meaning (n = 10) and purpose (n = 5) from elite sport contexts was conducted.\u0000Results\u0000The scholarship on meaning and purpose in elite sport revealed itself diverse in terms of employed study designs (quantitative, qualitative), methodologies and theoretical frameworks (e.g., narrative inquiry, phenomenology), conceptualizations of meaning and purpose (e.g., existential meaning, purpose in coaching), interpretations of meaning (intrapsychic or relational), and topics researched in relation to it (e.g., forced migration, injury experiences). To date the literature base on meaning and purpose in elite sport is characterized by fragmentation and largely imprecise use of the concept.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000To assist future empirical research and increase conceptual clarity of meaning in elite sport, sport psychology should integrate knowledge from its parent discipline psychology. Additionally, to make the somewhat abstract notion of meaning tangible for sport practitioners, more applied questions must be addressed. Through this, meaning could offer a truly holistic approach to well-being and mental health research and practice in sport. Importantly, “working” with meaning requires personal positioning, since conceiving of meaning as performance enhancement tool or as existential concern has major implications for how it is investigated and for how or whether it should be increased.\u0000References\u0000Beckmann, J. (2023). Meaning and meaninglessness in elite sport. In I. Nixdorf, R. Nixdorf, J. Beckmann, S. Martin, & T. Macintyre (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Mental Health in Elite Sport (pp. 31–44). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003099345-5\u0000Ravizza, K. (2002). A philosophical construct: A framework for performance enhancement. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33, 4–18. \u0000Ronkainen, N. J. & Nesti, M. S. (2019). Meaning and Spirituality in Sport and Exercise: Psychological Perspectives. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315102412","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"432 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}