Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)最新文献

{"title":"The order of running shoes and how it influences the perception of effort and comfort","authors":"Kai Biedermann, Gian-Andri Baumann, Mattia Nolé, Christina M. Spengler, F. Beltrami","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000High performance modern shoes reduce energy expenditure and improve performance, however, these gains may also stem from differences in perceived effort. Humans tend to weigh negative information more heavily than positive information, which could influence perception of effort when different shoes are tested sequentially. This study aimed to determine the existence of negativity bias on different measures of perception when alternating running shoes.\u0000Methods\u0000Eleven well-trained male athletes [age: 28 ± 6 years, weight: 68 ± 5 kg, height: 179 ± 5 cm, peak oxygen consumption: 65 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1] performed three lab visits: a familiarization day with an incremental test followed by two experimental days (track and treadmill, in balanced order). On each day, participants performed four sets of two 5-min runs at 16km･h-1 (5-min breaks in-between) alternating between On Cloudrunner (entry-level, EL) and Cloudboom Echo 3 (high-performance, HP). The order of the shoes was changed every set (i.e, EL-HP or HP-EL). After each run, participants reported their perception of effort (both on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and on a 1-10 Borg Scale) and shoe comfort (VAS). Heart rate and gas exchange were monitored using a chest sensor and a metabolic cart. Differences in ratings between EL-HP and HP-EL were compared using paired t-tests.\u0000Results\u0000In combined data of track and treadmill, the physiological response and perception of effort were significantly lower while perception of comfort was significantly higher with HP compared to EL. On the treadmill, the absolute value of the change in perceived effort (VAS) was lower for EL-HP compared with HP-EL (0.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.013), but not on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.5 mm vs. HP-EL 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.602). Absolute changes of effort (Borg) were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 0.7 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.8 ± 0.7 pts, p = 0.699) nor on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.7 ± 0.6 pts, p = 0.452). Similarly, ratings of shoe comfort were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 1.8 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.4 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.086) nor on the track (EL-HP 1.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.6 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.674).\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Changes in perceived effort (VAS) assessed during treadmill running were nearly two times larger when switching from EL to HP than vice-versa, supporting the presence of a negativity bias in this specific condition, which could be related to the higher resolution of VAS scales compared with Borg. Possibly, the lack of negativity bias on the track resulted from an overall reduced rating of effort compared with treadmill, which left less room for differences. These findings suggest that it would be beneficial to include a control shoe worn before and between the tested shoes of interest to mitigate any potential negativity bias in tests when determining perceived effort on a treadmill with different shoes.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing wearable motion tracking by assessing sagittal joint angle accuracy with minimal sensor use","authors":"Brett C. Hannigan, M. Elgendi, Gholami Mohsen, C. Menon","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss047","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Wearable motion tracking technology often focuses on reducing the number of sensors to simplify design and lower costs. Research has shown that single IMUs can reconstruct leg kinematics (Gholami et al., 2020; Hossain et al., 2022; Lim et al., 2020) and ground reaction forces (Jiang et al., 2020) effectively. Additionally, model-based methods have demonstrated the feasibility of using fewer gyroscopes to estimate stride length and motion range in healthy individuals and patients with coxarthritis (Salarian et al., 2013). In this study, we aim to assess the precision of sagittal joint angle estimations using strain sensors while minimizing sensor count. \u0000Methods \u0000We conducted a study with ten participants based on our previous work that involved collecting single-leg treadmill running data to monitor lower limb joint angles with piezoresistive strain sensors. Subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill at 8-10 km/h, wearing athletic pants embedded with nine strain sensors located on the hip, knee, and ankle. Optical motion capture provided reference kinematics. Our prior research achieved less than 1.5° error in the sagittal plane using a machine-learning approach. The current study explores the extent to which sensor reduction is possible without meaningful loss of accuracy. Three evaluation measures were used for assessment: Pearson correlation, dynamic time warping, and root-mean-squared error. \u0000Results \u0000The results from our correlation analysis will be used to develop a model that optimally balances between accuracy and minimizing the number of sensors. This has practical implications in sports science, where athletes could benefit from less intrusive and more comfortable performance monitoring, and in healthcare, for remote monitoring of patients with mobility issues. \u0000References \u0000Gholami, M., Napier, C., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating lower extremity running gait kinematics with a single accelerometer: A deep learning approach. Sensors, 20(10), Article 2939. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102939 \u0000Hossain, M. S., Bin, Dranetz, J., Choi, H., & Guo, Z. (2022). DeepBBWAE-Net: A CNN-RNN based deep superlearner for estimating lower extremity sagittal plane joint kinematics using shoe-mounted IMU sensors in daily living. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 26(8), 3906-3917. https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3165383 \u0000Jiang, X., Napier, C., Hannigan, B., Eng, J. J., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating vertical ground reaction force during walking using a single inertial sensor. Sensors, 20(15), Article 4345. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154345 \u0000Lim, H., Kim, B., & Park, S. (2020). Prediction of lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking by a single IMU on the lower back using machine learning. Sensors, 20(1), Article 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010130 \u0000Salarian, A., Burkhard, P. R., Vingerhoets, F. J. G., Jolles, B. M., & Aminian, K. (2013). A novel approach to reducing number of sensing units for wearable gait analysis sys","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury between patients and healthy subjects during exergaming","authors":"M. Haas, A. Martin-Niedecken, Larissa Wild, Leander Schneeberger, Eveline S. Graf","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss045","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Exergaming - physically active gaming - offers great potential for rehabilitation after knee injuries in sports, as it combines physical and cognitive challenges. However, before its use in sports rehabilitation can be recommended as safe and reliable, it is necessary to assess the biomechanics associated with knee injuries - an abducted, internally rotated knee at 10-30° of flexion (Koga et al., 2010). The aim of this study was to compare knee valgus (KV) during 10-30° knee flexion between healthy individuals without previous knee injuries and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries in three exercises of a high-intensive, immersive exergame (ExerCube). \u0000Methods \u0000The kinematics of 18 healthy subjects (25.2 ± 3.3 years, 9 female) and 6 patients (25.0 ± 5.9 years, 2 female) were recorded using marker-based movement analysis (Vicon) during 25 minutes of exergame training (Sphery Racer, ExerCube). The average maximum KV angle during 10-30° knee flexion was compared between healthy subjects and patients in the squat, jump, and burpee for the right leg using a linear mixed model. \u0000Results \u0000The average maximal KV in the squat was 4.3° for healthy subjects and 4.8° for patients. In the jump, an average maximal KV of 5.9° (healthy subjects) and 6.8° (patients) was found. With an average of 6.9° in the maximal KV of healthy subjects and 8.6° in patients, the burpee showed the highest KV of all exercises. A significant main effect was found for exercise (F(2, 45) = 57.03, p < .001), but not for the difference between groups (F(1, 22) = 0.45, p = 0.51). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000There are no significant differences in KV between healthy participants and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries. This indicates that the pre-injury movement pattern was restored in the patients, and it can be assumed that the studied exercises during exergaming are safe for use in this stage of rehabilitation. \u0000References \u0000Koga, H., Nakamae, A., Shima, Y., Iwasa, J., Myklebust, G., Engebretsen, L., Bahr, R., & Krosshaug, T. (2010). Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(11), 2218–2225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510373570","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"21 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of basic motor competencies and connections with sport participation","authors":"Kathrin Bretz, Ilaria Ferrari, Johanna Kress, C. Herrmann","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss032","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000During childhood, children develop their motor competencies. Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a central prerequisite for participation in sport activities (Herrmann et al., 2016) and form the basis for sport-specific skills (Hulteen et al., 2018). In school, children have a choice of formal (e.g. sports club) and informal (free play) settings in which they can engage in sports activities (Neuber & Golenia, 2018). Children who are active in sports clubs have a higher level of BMC (Herrmann et al., 2017).\u0000Methods\u0000As part of the longitudinal study “Development of basic motor competencies in childhood (EMOKK-study)”, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the BMC of N = 659 preschool children (51% boys) and N = 393 1st and 2nd grade children (49.4% boys) were assessed at two measurement points. In addition, parent questionnaires were used to assess the children’s sport participation. In initial analyses, the development of BMC was calculated using ANCOVA, with age as a covariate.\u0000Results\u0000Differences between girls and boys could be observed in preschool as well as in 1st and 2nd grade. Boys showed better performance in “object-movement” whereas girls were better in “self-movement”. From first to second grade, sports club participation increased (F(1, 467) = 28.546, p < .001, η2 = .058). In both measurement points, boys were more often active in sport clubs than girls. First and second graders who were active in a sports club performed significantly better in both competence areas (“object-movement”: t1: p < .001, d = .42; t2: p < .001, d = .68; “self-movement”: t1: p = .002, d = .38; t2: p = .001, d = .40) than children who were not.\u0000Discussion\u0000Children who were active in club sports show a higher level of BMC, which seems to persist in the longitudinal section. This indicates an early selection effect and the importance of BMC for club sport. In further analyses, variables on informal sport activities will also be considered.\u0000References\u0000Herrmann, C., Gerlach, E., & Seelig, H. (2016). Motorische Basiskompetenzen in der Grundschule. Begründung, Erfassung und empirische Überprüfung eines Messinstruments [Basic motor competences in primary school. Rationale, assessment and empirical testing of a measurement instrument]. Sportwissenschaft, 46(2), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-015-0378-8\u0000Herrmann, C., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (2017). Diagnose und Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen [Diagnosis and development of basic motor competencies]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 49(4), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000180\u0000Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the sifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6\u0000Neuber, N., & Golenia, M. (2018). Lernorte für Kinder und Jugendliche im Sport [Learni","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of drying performance of sports bras","authors":"Ivona Jerkovic, Martin Camenzind, A. Psikuta, S. Annaheim, René M. Rossi, Claudia Glass","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss052","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Fabrics used for manufacturing sports bras have to be lightweight, breathable, have fast drying behaviour, and moisture management properties (Uttam, 2013). Therefore, thermo-physiological comfort is an important quality criterion for sports bras (Carneiro et al., 2017). In addition, sports bras have to provide support to stabilize breasts during various physical activities (Ancutiene et al., 2017). These requirements lead to challenges in finding the best sports bra fabric, as bra support (Norris et al., 2021) and thermo-physiological comfort require contrasting fabric properties (Carneiro et al., 2017). \u0000This work aims to compare drying characteristics of different sports bras types (compression, encapsulation and combination) and fabrics used. A newly developed methodology to investigate the drying behaviour of sports bras in the lab has been taken for their examination. \u0000Methods \u0000The measurement set-up was built up in a climatic chamber (at 23°C and 50% RH). It consists of the upper body part of a female manikin, the air channel with fans and a balance to measure the weight change of the sports bra over time (indicative of the amount of moisture evaporated). The Infrared (IR) camera was used to record local surface temperature. Based on these measurements, the local and general drying performance of the sports bras were assessed based on dry fabric weight, moisture uptake, moisture absorption, drying time and drying rate. \u0000Results \u0000The results show that type of sports bra and material composition can have influence on better drying performance studied. The range of drying time for the different sport bra types was observed between 13 and 66 min for compression bras, 25 and 42 min for encapsulation bras, and between 35 and 43 min for combination bras. The moisture uptake was detected in a range between 6% and 15% for compression bras, 13% and 15% only for encapsulation bras, while between 7% and 19% for combination bras. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000We were able to show that there is a significant difference in drying performance between sports bras. In combination with additional data about sensorial comfort and breast support, these findings provide a scientific basis for developing sports bras meeting specific requirements for various sports. \u0000References \u0000Ancutiene, K., Koldinska, M., & Havelka, A. (2017). Investigation of tensile resilience properties of stretch denim fabrics. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 42, 175-182. \u0000Carneiro, L. P., Miranda, T. M. R., & Catarino, A. A. (2017). Comparative thermophysiological study in sport bras for running. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 254(7), Article 072006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/254/7/072006 \u0000Norris, M., Blackmore, T., Horler, B., & Wakefield-Scurr, J. (2021). How the characteristics of sports bras affect their performance. Ergonomics, 64(3), 410-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2020.1829090 \u0000Uttam, D. (2013) Active sportswear fabri","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patellar tendon complaints and shear wave velocity patterns in maturing alpine skiers","authors":"J. Hanimann, Daniel P. Fitze, T. Götschi, Melanie Gloor, E.D. de Bruin, Katrien De Bock, Reto Sutter, Jörg Spörri","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss046","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Patellar tendinopathy is frequent in adolescent athletes and particularly accentuated in competitive alpine skiers (Fröhlich et al., 2020). Tendinopathies are characterized by long disease histories, and whether they can be healed completely is an open question (Kettunen et al., 2002). Three-dimensional (3D) shear wave elastography (SWE) has proven valuable in the early detection of tendinopathies (Götschi et al., 2023). The aims of this study were to (1) describe the longitudinal progression of patellar tendon complaint prevalence in competitive alpine skiers during adolescence, (2) compare the SWV patterns of skiers that were symptomatic four years ago with those with no history of patellar tendon complaints and (3) analyse whether shear wave velocity (SWV) average values correlate with SWV coefficient of variation (CV). \u0000Methods \u0000Forty-seven subjects were analysed in this 4-year follow-up study regarding their patellar tendon complaints and SWV patterns. Symptomatic and asymptomatic skiers were identified by clinical examinations including the criteria of pain sensation under loading and palpation-induced pain. SWV was determined by ultrasound-based 3D SWE. Prevalence differences were assessed using Pearson’s χ2 tests. Group differences in the SWV patterns were analysed using unpaired sample t tests. Correlations between SWV average and CV values were analysed by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. \u0000Results \u0000With proceeding adolescence, the prevalence of patellar tendon complaints significantly decreased from 29.8% at baseline assessment (13-16 years) to 12.7% at follow-up assessment (Pearson’s χ2 = 9.429; p = 0.002). Those skiers who were symptomatic at baseline but asymptomatic at the follow-up still had lower average SWV values and higher CVs than asymptomatic skiers with no history of patellar tendon complaints (p = 0.054 and p = 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the tendon SWV average values and their CVs (R = -0.55; p < 0.001). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000Despite the decreasing prevalence of patellar tendon complaints in youth competitive alpine skiers after their growth spurt, structural abnormalities appear to remain in asymptomatic subjects with a previous history of patellar tendinopathy, indicating potential long-term implications for mechanical tendon proprieties. The SWV average and CV values were negatively correlated, which underlines our hypothesis that a low SWV is associated with a high CV. This altogether may reflect the degenerative processes in patellar tendons affected by complaints in the early stages of a sports career. \u0000References \u0000Fröhlich, S., Peterhans, L., Stern, C., Frey, W. O., Sutter, R., & Spörri, J. (2020). Remarkably high prevalence of overuse-related knee complaints and MRI abnormalities in youth competitive alpine skiers: A descriptive investigation in 108 athletes aged 13-15 years. BMJ Open Sport & Exercice Medicine, 6(1), Aticle e0007","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of single and dual task training on the intracortical inhibition in healthy young adults","authors":"M. Wälchli, Craig Tokuno, B. Lauber, Wolfgang Taube","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss081","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000The evidence for changes in intracortical inhibition when executing two tasks simultaneously (i.e., dual tasking) is ambiguous as decreased (Corp et al., 2014) and increased (Corp et al., 2016) inhibition were reported. One way to bring more light into this question is to tests the effect of a single task training (STT) and a dual task training (DTT) on the short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during a single balancing task and two different dual tasks in healthy young adults. \u0000Methods \u0000Twenty-nine healthy young adults were randomly separated into two groups participating in STT (n = 15) or DTT (n = 14) consisting of 6 training sessions within 3 weeks. Before and after the training, a single task (balancing on a rocker board) was performed at two resistance levels (easy and hard). Additionally to the single task, either a cognitive (2-back number recall) or a motor (balancing a ball on a hand-held tray) dual task was executed simultaneously. During execution of these three tasks, SICI was measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortical area representing the right tibialis anterior. \u0000Results \u0000Training improvements in balance performance were group and task-specific over time (p = .018). While the STT group improved more in the single balance task (12.3% vs. 6.6% DTT), the DTT group had more sway reductions in the motor dual task condition (13.7% vs. 4.5% STT). Similar statistical outcome (p = .034) was observed for the dual task costs (DTC). There was a tendence for SICI (p = .075), mainly indicating higher increase in SICI for the DTT group in the motor dual task (16.0% vs. 5.8% STT). During the execution of the single balance task, the group-specific adaptations in SICI were less pronounced (13.7% DTT vs. 16.2% STT). When analyzing the SICI dual task difference (Δ) from single to dual task, SICI is altered group and task specific (p = .011). The DTT group could increase the dual task difference in SICI in the dual motor condition (Δ 3.2%), whereas the STT group had a decrease (Δ -9.6%). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The results of this study show that DTT causes gains in balance performance and increases in SICI when the secondary task is also a motor task, but not when the second task is a cognitive one. STT is particularly beneficial in the single task. It is therefore assumed that intracortical inhibition is important during the simultaneous performance of two motor tasks, while intracortical inhibition was not modulated in a group-specific manner by the additional cognitive task. \u0000References \u0000Corp, D. T., Lum, J. A. G., Tooley, G. A., & Pearce, A. J. (2014). Corticospinal activity during dual tasking: A systematic review and meta-analysis of TMS literature from 1995 to 2013. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 43, 74-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.017 \u0000Corp, D. T., Rogers, M. A., Youssef, G. J., & Pearce, A. J. (2016). The effect of dual-task difficulty on the inhibition of the mot","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"19 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an evaluation instrument for assessing the quality of teaching and learning in Swiss children’s and youth sports","authors":"Fabian Studer, Sara Seiler, Anna Siffert, L. C. Dapp, V. Gashaj, C. Herrmann","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss075","url":null,"abstract":"Summary \u0000Youth and Sport (Y+S) constitutes Switzerland’s most extensive sports support system, encompassing over 90 sports within a state-subsidized and content-regulated training system. Upholding the quality of sports activities necessitates effective (appealing and high-quality) education for Y+S instructors. The Y+S education model transmits teaching content for high-quality Y+S activities through the “Teaching” domain of action, which closely aligns with contemporary instructional quality research. We developed the Y+S evaluation instrument to systematically evaluate this field of action in practical scenarios. This questionnaire digitally surveys children and youth participating in Y+S activities, employing items to assess four fields of action. \u0000We realized a nationwide quantitative validation study based on three qualitative pilot studies. Two surveys were administered to N = 1,230 (53.7% female; M = 13.99 years, SD = 2.36) and N = 851 (53.7% female; M = 13.96 years, SD = 2.18) children and youths. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the developed Y+S evaluation instrument. Following systematic item reduction, CFAs consistently demonstrated good model fits. All four fields of action with their 17 recommendations for action were represented by 51 items, attesting to the validity and reliability of the evaluation instrument. \u0000In conclusion, a validated evaluation instrument is now available in German, French, and Italian and will be implemented annually to assess Y+S activities in Switzerland moving forward.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"171 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A leap into the future: Towards an augmented reality learning environment in ski-jumping","authors":"Lukas Schulthess, T. Ingolfsson, Serin Huber, Marc Nölke, Michele Magno, Luca Benini, Christoph Leitner","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss069","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Professional sports are fiercely competitive. In ski jumping, for example, even small changes in take-off and flight can make a decisive difference between victory and defeat (Elfmark et al., 2022). Within the short time of a jump, athletes must learn to solve complex motor control problems while being exposed to harsh environmental conditions, e.g., wind, snow, and low temperatures. The actual take-off occurs within the blink of an eye (~300 ms) and an aerodynamically favourable and stable flight position should be attained immediately. Fine control of the centre of gravity in the in-run favours high speeds to generate optimum momentum during take-off (Müller, 2008). In flight, athletes can voluntarily influence aerodynamics by changing their body position. However, non-optimal flight positions occur unintentionally or due to incorrect behaviour. Furthermore, as a non-cyclical sport, ski jumping suffers from low repetition rates, which impairs the effectiveness of training. Thus, increasing the learning rate for each jump is a key success factor. Biofeedback methods have been shown to accelerate motor learning in athletes (Mulder & Hulstijn, 1985). Current sensor technologies in ski jumping do not meet the requirements for a truly wearable system, which must be energy-efficient, unobtrusive and barely noticeable (so as not to interfere with natural movement behaviour and jumping technique) and, in particular, must be equipped with a wireless link (for real-time data analysis, e.g. on the trainer tower; Schulthess et al., 2023). \u0000Methods \u0000The proposed system consists of two multi-sensor nodes: One node is hidden in a modified ski jumping boot, integrating three force-sensing resistor sensors to measure the pressure distribution on the foot soles of ski jumpers. The second sensor node is located in the ski goggles and contains RGB LEDs that provide visual biofeedback in the peripheral vision. \u0000Results \u0000We have calculated the total power consumption of our systems to be 2.52 mW, meeting requirements for multi-day operation between battery recharges. Our on-device body position classification model achieves an accuracy of 92.7% in recognising body positions from data recorded in the laboratory. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000This is the first truly wearable training system in ski jumping, offering professional athletes a new augmented experience, aimed at accelerating motor learning. In addition, the real-time data transmission of biomechanically relevant characteristics facilitates the work of the training team and could in the future enable more informative and entertaining television broadcasts. \u0000References \u0000Elfmark, O., Ettema, G., & Gilgien, M. (2022). Assessment of the steady glide phase in ski jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 139, 111139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111139 \u0000Mulder, T., & Hulstijn, W. (1985). Sensory feedback in the learning of a novel motor task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 17(1), 110–128. https://doi.org/1","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved subjective sleep quality after three months of balance learning in older adults","authors":"Selin Scherrer, Sven Egger, Xinyu Liu, Anna Wick, Lijing Xin, B. Lauber, Wolfgang Taube","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Around half of adults over the age of 60 experience sleep problems (Reid et al., 2006). The most common treatments for sleep disorders like insomnia are pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Unfortunately, pharmacotherapy often leads to increased mortality and fall rates in older adults, whereas cognitive behavioural therapy is expensive and difficult to access (Patel et al., 2018). Hence, there is an urgent need for new effective and affordable treatments with reduced negative side effects. An important role for the initiation and maintenance of sleep is attributed to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition (Saper et al., 2005). On one hand, it has been shown that GABA-mediated inhibition as well as GABA concentrations are lower in older compared to younger adults (Cuypers et al., 2018). On the other hand, balance training was shown to increase GABA-mediated inhibition in young (Taube et al., 2020) and older adults (Kuhn et al., 2023). Therefore, balance learning seems to be a promising treatment for older adults suffering from sleep problems. Furthermore, balance learning was shown to enhance functional connectivity (Ueta et al., 2022). In particular, functional connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex has been associated with better subjective sleep quality (Jiang et al., 2023). Therefore, we hypothesized that balance learning in older adults improves subjective sleep quality through an increase in GABA-mediated inhibition and sensorimotor network functional connectivity. \u0000Methods \u0000Forty healthy volunteers aged 64-81 years were randomly assigned to either follow a three-month balance learning intervention (minimum of 30 training sessions) or to continue with their daily routines. Thirty-six participants (18 in intervention group, 18 in control group) completed pre and post measurements and were included in the analysis. Before and after the three-month period, subjective sleep quality, balance performance, and neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters were assessed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) was employed to evaluate subjective sleep quality in the preceding four weeks. Balance performance was assessed by determining the sway area in cm2 during a twenty second balance task on the most difficult wobble board level the participant still succeeded at. Short- interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), a measure of the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the motor cortex, was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulations while the participants were balancing on the same wobble board as during the balance performance assessment, and during an afternoon nap. Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The PSQI total scores were not normally distributed and therefore square root- transformed prior to the statistical analysis. Differences between post measurements were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"479 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}