Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)最新文献

{"title":"Promoting girls in sport – (Still) in keeping with the times?","authors":"Elke Gramespacher","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000“Promoting girls in sport”: How to find an interview partner for this topic? In their search, the editors of the Swiss girls’ magazine ‘KALEIO – For Girls (and the Rest of the World)’ learnt that the topic is ‘out’. But although we see more and more equalization of sport-related behavior (e.g., Hartmann-Tews, 2009), promoting girls in sport still makes sense.\u0000Methods\u0000The results stem firstly from an overview article, in which international findings were summarized. Secondly, data come from reanalyzes of two representative MOBAK studies, where children were measured by gender-neutral MOBAK-tests and parents were questioned about their children’s physical activity behaviors.\u0000Results\u0000The overview article (Adler & Gramespacher, 2021) compiled international findings on the activity behavior of girls and boys during the transition from kindergarten to grade one. The studies available report on gender-stereotypical behavior of children – and girls stand out here in different ways. Further evidence of gender-stereotypical behavior can be shown by reanalysis of MOBAK-data with 1st graders (Gramespacher et al., 2022) and 3rd graders (Gramespacher et al., in press): Overall, reanalyzed MOBAK-data show, that there is a difference in basic motor competencies that might be explained by gender-stereotype sport socialization – and this clearly is a disadvantage for the girls in some motor competencies.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Presented data point out the still existing need for action in promoting girls in sport. We must discuss the complexity associated with the promotion of girls in all fields of sport and in this realm, we must define specific goals of promoting girls in sport (e.g., Kugelmann, 2002). But in future, we should consider the role of differentiation in research and sports practice: Shouldn’t we differentiate in general for all different types of learners without classifying?\u0000References\u0000Adler, K., & Gramespacher, E. (2021). Mädchen im Fokus: Kindliches Aktivitätsverhalten im Übergang Kindergarten – Schule [Focus on girls: Children’s activity behaviour in the transition from kindergarten to school]. In K. Adler & C. Andrä (Eds.), Bewegung, Spiel und Sport bei Kindern im Krippen- und Kindergartenalter. Forschung aus der Praxis für die Praxis (pp. 278–304). Universitätsverlag Chemnitz.\u0000Gramespacher, E., Herrmann, C., Ennigkeit, F., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (in press). Geschlecht – ein Prädiktor für motorische Basiskompetenzen. Eine Studie mit MOBAK-Daten von Drittklässler*innen [Gender – A predictor of basic motor skills. A study with MOBAK data from third graders]. In C. Herrmann, F. Ennigkeit & H. Seelig (Eds.), Motorische Basiskompetenzen: Konstrukt, Forschungsstand und Anwendung. Springer VS.\u0000Gramespacher, E., Herrmann, C., & Seelig, H. (2022). Geschlechtsbezogenes Sportengagement – ein Prädiktor für motorische Basiskompetenzen. Eine Analyse mit Daten von Erstklässler*innen [Gender-related sport engagement – A predictor of basic motor sk","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"292 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there specific molecular adaptations of skeletal muscle to repeated sprint training in hypoxia?","authors":"Clément Lanfranchi, Sarah Willis, Bengt Kayser, Nicolas Place, Grégoire P. Millet, Nadège Zanou","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss056","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Athletes increasingly engage in repeated sprint training that consists of repeated short all-out effort (< 10 s) interspersed by short recoveries (< 60 s). When performed in hypoxia (repeated sprints in hypoxia, RSH), it may lead to greater training effect than in normoxia (RSN). However, the mechanisms underlying this superior training effect of RSH are unclear. Specifically, the role of muscle metabolic response to RSH is still debated and results are heterogeneous. Clarifying the molecular pathways of skeletal muscle adaptations to RSH may thus provide new insights into the role of hypoxia-induced response to training. \u0000Methods \u0000Two groups of healthy young men (randomized) performed three training sessions/week for three weeks. Each training session consisted in six series of six sprints (6 s effort/24 s rest) in either normoxia (RSN, n = 7) or normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = ~13%, RSH, n = 9). Before and after the training period, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and a Wingate test were performed. Metabolic muscle adaptations were studied with proteomics and western blotting. \u0000Results \u0000RSN and RSH similarly improved power output (p < 0.05) during the RSA test (RSN: + 7.2 ± 7.7% vs. RSH: + 7.9 ± 6.6%) and the Wingate test (RSN: + 1.3 ± 3.6% vs. RSH: + 4.4 ± 5.0%). Proteomics revealed a decrease in several processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, confirmed by Western Blot with a reduction (p < 0.05) in complexes I (- 19 ± 30%) and V (- 15 ± 24%) protein levels in response to both RSN and RSH. RSN and RSH increased (p < 0.05) protein levels of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α, + 111 ± 50%) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa, + 91 ± 60%). Protein levels of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase II increased (+ 119 ± 183%, p < 0.05) after both training types. Only RSH induced increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4, + 31 ± 18%, p < 0.05) protein level, suggesting specific glycolytic adaptations in response to hypoxia, supported by proteomics data. This specific adaptation may be triggered through the signaling of S100A protein family as we observed an increased S100A13 protein level (+ 467 ± 353%, p < 0.05) and Akt phosphorylation (+ 21 ± 21%, time x group interaction, p < 0.05) as well as several other S100A proteins in proteomics only after RSH training. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000To conclude, RSH did not exhibit in greater performance improvement compared to RSN. However, it further improved the glycolytic phenotype compared to RSN, possibly through specific S100A13 proteins signaling. Thus, we suggest that the reported superiority of RSH to RSN in the literature may stem from superior glycolytic adaptations triggered through the activation of a specific pathway involving S100A13 protein. The potential role of S100A13 protein in skeletal muscle adaptative responses to exercise is novel and the present results open new research perspectives in this field.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport policy and the integration of refugee backgrounded women","authors":"Hayley Truskewycz, R. Jeanes, J. O’Connor","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss078","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Sport is regularly used as a policy-led tool to facilitate outcomes aligned with resettlement and integration of refugees. However, the understanding of the role of sport in the resettlement of refugees is limited by a narrow focus on policy-led integration outcomes and player participation (Nunn et al., 2021). Moreover, refugee men prevail as the dominant participants, in not only sporting programs, but also within the research that informs the sport resettlement agenda (Ekholm et al., 2019). Therefore, the participation of refugee women in sport policy and programming is largely understood through refugee men's experiences, where the role of sport in resettlement and the daily lives of refugee women is less well understood. This research, guided by postcolonial feminism, examined how sport is deployed as a resettlement and integration policy tool for refugee backgrounded women living in Melbourne, Australia, and aimed to determine the relevance of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded women. \u0000Methods \u0000Bacchi (2009) framework for policy analysis examined three government sport policies texts that represented refugee integration as a ‘problem’ to be managed through sport. Interviews with policy actors and sport program providers investigated practices and discourses underpinning refugee women’s inclusion in sport programming. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a 12-month period with a culturally diverse community football club, explored the role of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded mothers and their children. Data was analysed using critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis. \u0000Results \u0000Factors at policy level, i.e. the tokenistic presence of women and girls in policy texts, and programming level, i.e. their inclusion into male dominated spaces shaped by neoliberal agendas, continue to resist refugee women’s participation in mainstream sport. Refugee women’s secondary presence in policy and programming was reinforced by temporary, sporadic and competitive funding opportunities that were heavily reliant on participation numbers and hegemonic masculinity, preserving the privilege of the status-quo. Integration in the policy texts was understood as belonging to the dominant Anglo-Australian culture, but belonging was contested, and the refugee mothers in this study understood belonging as being to their own cultures. Their sporting club was a space of belonging, stress relief, social connection, agency and cultural maintenance. The sport club was an important part of their lives as individuals, and was an important aspect of parenting and motherhood. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000Our study indicates that policy level and policy actors that promote the inclusion and integration of refugees through sport regularly marginalise refugee women and place them as tokenistic participants. Our findings suggest that ethno-specific, community driven sporting spaces are not oppositional, but play a complementary role in policy-led ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and diversity competence in sport studies programs in higher education","authors":"Karolin Heckemeyer, Marianne Meier, Matthias Grabherr","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Inclusion and diversity have become increasingly important in the context of sport in recent years. Numerous sports organizations and sports policymakers are committed to enable more inclusive sport. Led by the idea of a sport for all, everyone should be able to participate in sport regardless of gender, sexuality, dis_ability, race, or class.\u0000Inclusive sport does not only require specific structural conditions. It also demands social actors who have the skills to deal with the challenges of social diversity in an open, appreciative, and innovative way. Coaches, officials, teachers, journalists, and economists working in the field of sport need to be familiar with the topics of gender equity, diversity, and inclusion. This is where the project “Understanding and Experiencing Diversity” (funded by the Swiss Federal Office for Sport) comes in. It aims to develop and test a concept for promoting gender and diversity competence in sport-related higher education, thus enabling social actors to shape sport in a diversity-conscious and inclusive way.\u0000Methods\u0000The project is being carried out over a period of three years and consists of four project phases. After a phase of conceptual clarification regarding the theoretical framework and terminology, current approaches to gender and diversity competence (in the sport studies context) are being critically analysed. Against this background, phases three and four of the project will focus on the development of a sport-related teaching concept for gender and diversity competence and its testing at three different universities.\u0000Results/Discussion\u0000The understanding of gender and diversity competence developed in this project is theoretically based on the “trilemma of Inclusion” by Boger (2019). It thus refers to inclusion and non-discrimination as a complex structure of normalization, deconstruction, and empowerment. This is also linked to an intersectional perspective on social differentiation and discrimination (Degele & Winker, 2011).\u0000Regarding the promotion of gender and diversity competence in higher education, the attitude of social actors towards diversity and inclusion proves to be particularly important. This aspect has not yet been systematically considered in the context of sport-related higher education in German-speaking countries. The teaching concept developed in this project therefore emphasizes the aspect of attitude (Rischke et al., 2017).\u0000References\u0000Boger, M. A. (2019). Theorien der Inklusion: Die Theorie der trilemmatischen Inklusion zum Mitdenken [Theories of inclusion: The theory of trilemmatic inclusion to think about]. Edition Assemblage.\u0000Degele, N., & Winker, G. (2011). Intersektionalität als Beitrag zu einer gesellschaftstheoretisch informierten Ungleichheitsforschung [Intersectionality as a contribution to inequality research informed by social theory]. Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 21(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-011-0147-y\u0000Rischke, A., Heim, C., & Gröben","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between aerobic exercise, muscle strength training and the prevalence of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury","authors":"Wiebe H. K. De Vries, U. Arnet, Franziska Bossuyt, Sonja de Groot, I. Eriks-Hoogland, Claudio Perret","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000The primary objective of this study is to explore associations between meeting spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific exercise guidelines and the prevalence of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users (MWU) with SCI in Switzerland. The rationale behind this investigation lies in the high prevalence of shoulder pain among MWU with SCI, impacting their daily activities, leisure- and labor participation, and overall quality of life. Understanding the association between exercise adherence and shoulder pain is crucial, not only for the well-being of the individuals but also for managing healthcare costs associated with pain treatments. \u0000Methods \u0000The study utilizes data from the SwiSCI Community Survey 2022 (Gross-Hemmi et al., 2021), focusing on a cohort of 593 manual wheelchair users (MWU) for a cross-sectional analysis, investigating the reporting of shoulder pain, and adherence to SCI-specific exercise guidelines (Martin Ginis et al., 2018). The guidelines, proposed by Martin-Ginis et al. (2018), encompass aerobic exercise and muscle-specific strength training. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the association of meeting these guidelines and the prevalence of shoulder pain, while considering potential confounding factors. \u0000Results \u0000High prevalence of shoulder pain was observed, affecting 40% of the MWU surveyed, which is in line with previous observations. Additionally, the study found that a significant proportion of the population did not meet the recommended guidelines for aerobic exercise (46%) and muscle strength training (64%). Logistic regression analyses showed that non-adherence to aerobic exercise guidelines was associated with 1.55 to 1.97 higher odds of reporting shoulder pain. No association of muscle strength training with the shoulder pain could be found. Therefore, meeting both aerobic and muscle strength guidelines did not yield any association with shoulder pain. Adjustments for potential confounders such as sex, age, lesion level, completeness, time since injury, and mobility scores, did not change the association between adherence to guidelines and shoulder pain. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The prevalence of shoulder pain in the study sample is high (40%) and in line with previous publications. Compared to 75% of the Swiss general population being physical active for more than 2.5 hour a week (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2019), only 54% of the study sample is meeting the guidelines for at least the “Starter level” on aerobic exercise (cardiorespiratory, ≥ 2x 20 min/week). Those who are not meeting the aerobic exercise guidelines have 1.55 to 1.97 higher odds to have shoulder pain. Despite foreseen shoulder fitness benefit, 64% is not meeting the guidelines on muscle strength training. To further examine the relation between shoulder use, -exercise and shoulder pain, longitudinal studies on dose-effect are needed. \u0000References \u0000Gross-Hemmi, M. H., Gemperli, A., Fekete, C., Brach, M., Schwegler, U., & Stucki, ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral physical activity counselling to promote an active healthy lifestyle among adolescent psychiatric outpatients. The TRANSPAC-study","authors":"C. Lang, Anne Bik, Alexandre N. Datta, M. Brotzmann, Leila Tarokh, M. Gerber","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss057","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Mental health disorders are one of the main reasons for disability in adolescents worldwide (Dahl et al., 2018). Sleep disturbances are an important contributor to a vicious cycle of increased vulnerability during this developmental period. Interventions that improve sleep are suggested to improve psychosocial outcomes. One such intervention may be physical activity (PA), with a beneficial effect on both sleep and mental health. Yet, PA levels are declining during adolescent years, with even higher inactivity levels for individuals with psychiatric disorders. Guidance on how to address PA counselling (PAC) among psychiatric adolescents in routine clinical practice has the potential to improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes. \u0000Methods \u0000During this ongoing randomized waitlist controlled trial, 18 adolescent psychiatric outpatients have been recruited from local clinics and private practices. Those who met inclusion criteria were aged 12 to 18 years, suffered from sleep problems, and had at least one additional mental health diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included organic sleep and brain disorders and changes in medication. At baseline, participants completed questionnaires related to sleep and psychopathology. For the next seven days, participants wore an Actigraph to track PA and sleep patterns. Participants were serially randomized into two groups after baseline: PAC or Treatment as usual (TAU). At 3-month follow-up, all tests were repeated. Additionally, a semi structured interview was conducted with intervention participants. To assess intervention effects, mixed model ANOVAs were conducted for PA, psychopathology, and composite sleep health. \u0000The 6-session intervention builds on previous standardized and theory-based PAC programs (Gerber et al., 2019). \u0000Results \u0000By 2023, follow-up data were available from 12 participants (Mage 15.33 yrs; 75% females). Preliminary data show a significant trend for increased PA on school days, and composite sleep health (p = .07). Yet, compliance of Actigraph wear time was low. No changes were observed for psychopathology. The post-intervention interview revealed positive experiences. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The preliminary data show the feasibility of the intervention. It is likely that improvements in PA and sleep patterns must first stabilize before they can have a meaningful impact on psychopathology. However, more data is needed to confirm the results. The interviews revealed that the content and mode of delivery were generally accepted. Considering the many other obligations adolescents face in their everyday lives, including homework and psychotherapy, the combination of online and face-to-face sessions was well received. Because of the low compliance rate of Actigraph wear time, alternative devices should be considered for this population. \u0000References \u0000Dahl, R. E., Allen, N. B., Wilbrecht, L., & Suleiman, A. B. (2018). Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science pe","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"36 144","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and substance use among elite para-athletes: An cross-sectional survey","authors":"Tiffany Hartmann, N. Kiselev, M. Claussen, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Andreas Heiniger, Ceren Acarturk, C. Kreinbucher-Bekerle, M. Schaub","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss0116","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The scientific studies on the mental health and substance use among elite para-athletes are rare (Lardi et al., in preparation; Lüdi et al., 2023). However, the shows similarities as well as differences to the regular elite athletes’ populations (Rice et al., 2016; Swartz et al., 2019). The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and substance use of para-athletes (PAs) from their perspective, in order to gain an overview of the situation in elite para-sport and to potentially create a basis for prevention campaigns and, if necessary, interventions.\u0000Methodology\u0000An online survey (SoSciSurvey) was used to create a questionnaire, which was translated into eight languages to reach PAs internationally. In addition to socio-demographic and sports-specific (Para-Sport, PS) variables, psychological and physical factors, as well as substance use, were assessed using standardized instruments.\u0000Results\u0000(CAVE: at the time at submission preliminary since the survey ends by the end of November/The final results will be presented at the congress): The PAs (N = 82) showed different prevalences regarding mental disorders compared to data from the general population and regular elite athletes, with disorder-specific deviations. There were significant gender differences in psychological distress (K-10, p < .001), depression severity (PHQ-9, p < .001), and anxiety severity (GAD-7, p < .001). The majority of PAs reported good or very good mental (69.51%) and physical (64.63%) health, and these results significantly correlated (p < .001) with a strong effect size. PAs were more likely to disclose and seek support in professional than in private settings. 51.22% of the PAs felt disadvantaged in everyday life, and in PS, it was 29.27%. The BA and K-10 did not correlate significantly (p > .05), but there was a significant correlation (p < .001) between discrimination in PS and the K-10. The results of discrimination in everyday life and in PS both significantly correlated with the WHODAS-12 (p < .01, and p < .001), with a weak and moderate effect size, respectively. Regarding substance use, 41.46% of PAs reported alcohol, 7.32% nicotine, and 8.54% cannabis use. The AUDIT-C did not significantly correlate with the K-10 or the WHODAS-12 (p > .05), and there was no significant gender difference (AUDIT-C, p > .05).\u0000Conclusions\u0000Based on the results, prevention should occur in the disorder-specific area and refer to the professional services, social support, focusing more on discrimination, and include substance use (alcohol and cannabis). It is important to consider that PAs are a vulnerable population and research gaps still exist.\u0000References\u0000Lardi, M., Kiselev, N., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Heiniger, A., & Schaub, M. (in preparation). Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes: A qualitative study with Swiss elite para-athletes.\u0000Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., Kleim, B., & Kiselev, N. (","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"95 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning in life of elite athletes: A person-oriented study","authors":"M. J. Schmid, Violetta Oblinger-Peters, Merlin Örencik, Helena Hlasová, Juerg Schmid, A. Conzelmann, Noora J. Ronkainen","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The concept of meaning in life has gained significant attention in psychology research in recent years due to its correlational relationship with physical and mental well-being (i.e., objective and subjective health measures, e.g., Steger, 2012). While recent attention has been directed toward this concept in sport psychology using qualitative research methods (e.g., Ronkainen et al., 2015), quantitative investigations into the specific sources of meaning engaged by athletes are notably scarce. This study (1) compares athletes with the general population and (2) employs a person-oriented approach to identify distinct profiles of athletes’ meaning in life and the sources they predominantly tap into.\u0000Methods\u0000A sample of 589 elite athletes from Switzerland (50.9% women, 49.1% men; Mage = 24.86 years, SD = 5.09) participated in this study. Utilizing the Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS; Schnell & Danbolt, 2023), participants also provided contextual information about their life situations. The athletes were compared with the general population using t-tests. To identify profiles within the athlete population, we employed a latent profile analysis.\u0000Results\u0000Compared to the general population, athletes exhibit heightened meaningfulness and lower crisis of meaning and prioritise different sources of meaning. Athletes were higher in Growth and Community and lower in Faith, Sustainability and Security. The analysis yielded a three-profile solution based on theoretical considerations and statistical criteria: (1) athletes with below-average meaning in life and sources (n = 127), (2) athletes with above-average meaning in life and faith (n = 109), (3) athletes with above-average meaning in life with balanced sources (n = 353). Athletes in profiles 2 and 3 were characterized by elevated levels of meaningfulness and sources of meaning, and demonstrated greater life satisfaction and self-esteem, relative to the profile with below-average meaning in life and sources.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000The identified relationships with key mental health constructs align with qualitative findings emphasizing the centrality of meaningfulness in athletes’ lives. On a nomothetic level, elite athletes indicate a high degree of meaningfulness (compared to the population), however, there is a high degree of heterogeneity within the sample, which is why group-specific analysis (i.e., LPA) could help understanding meaning and its sources in elite athletes. In the future this approach could be useful to tailor programs aimed at cultivating meaning in life of elite athletes.\u0000References\u0000Ronkainen,  N.  J., Tikkanen,  O., Littlewood,  M., & Nesti,  M.  S. (2015). An existential perspective on meaning, spirituality and authenticity in athletic careers. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2014.926970\u0000Schnell,  T., & Danbolt,  L.  J. (2023). The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS): Development and multi-study validati","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"99 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle activity and kinematics during three hamstring strengthening exercises compared to sprinting: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Adelso Jorge, Eric Lichtenstein, Oliver Faude, Ralf Roth","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss053","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Sprinting is a crucial task in many sports and remains the major activity during which hamstring muscle injuries occur (Schache et al., 2012). Though the biceps femoris long head predominantly gets injured (Grange et al., 2023), hamstring strengthening exercises frequently seem to activate the semitendinosus more effectively (Bourne et al., 2017). A better understanding of how joint dominance influences activation levels of hamstring muscles may offer more clarity on the appropriate exercise selection in strengthening programs. \u0000Purpose \u0000This study compared 3 hip-dominant hamstring exercises (the rocker, perpetuum mobile fast and slow; PMfast and PMslow) and the Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) on their potential to simulate sprint-like activity and kinematics. \u0000Methods \u0000Muscle activity of the posterior kinetic chain (mm. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus and gastrocnemius medialis) was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) during every exercise and treadmill running at 75% of the individual maximal sprint velocity in 8 male athletes (age: 24.0 years ± SD 2.9; body mass: 76.8 kg ± 7.7; height: 1.79 m ± 0.08). sEMG data was normalized to maximal sprinting. 3D-motion capture was employed to assess hip and knee angles. \u0000Results \u0000This study revealed higher activity of the hamstrings for the explosive exercises ranging from 63.9% [95%CI: 56.3-71.5%] (rocker) to 49.0% [95%CI: 40.4-57.6%] (PMfast) vs. 34.0% [95%CI: 29.1-38.9%] (NHE) to 32.1% [95%CI: 26.9-37.3%] (PMslow). The rocker especially showed highest hamstring and m. gluteus maximus activity. M. biceps femoris consistently showed higher activity than m. semitendinosus across all exercises in peak (mean difference: 0.16, [95%CI: 0.07-0.26]) and average (mean difference: 0.06, [95%CI: 0.01-0.11]) activity. PMfast, PMslow and NHE demonstrated lower hip flexion angle of peak hamstring activity than the rocker and high-speed running and every exercise showed lower hamstring elongation stress than during high-speed running. \u0000Discussion \u0000Hamstring activity is comparable to high-intensity treadmill running for NHE and PMslow, and higher for the rocker and PMfast. M. gluteus maximus activity varied, with the rocker and PMfast showing higher activity than in sprinting. All examined exercises demonstrated their peak activity at short hamstring muscle length. \u0000What this study adds to the existing knowledge \u0000This study generated first data on sprint-specificity of two not yet investigated versions of a unilateral hip thrust. Similar or higher activity than during sprinting and BFlh selectivity was reached through explosive, closed kinetic chain, hip-dominant movement. \u0000References \u0000Bourne, M. N., Williams, M. D., Opar, D. A., Al Najjar, A., Kerr, G. K., & Shield, A. J. (2017). Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(13), 1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095739 \u0000Grange, S., Reurink, G., Nguyen, A. Q., Ri","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of eccentric arm crank training on upper body performance in elite athletes with a spinal cord injury","authors":"Fabian Ammann, Ann Knuchel, Anneke Hertig-Godeschalk, Claudio Perret","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Eccentric strength training is a promising approach to improving upper body strength in athletes, as this type of training has several advantages over training that involves concentric or isometric muscle action (Hoppeler, 2016). Eccentric training shows greater gains in muscle strength and mass with lower cardiovascular and metabolic demands (Douglas et al., 2017; Roig et al., 2009). This, combined with the time-efficient components, makes eccentric training particularly attractive for use in athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite an increasing number of studies focusing on eccentric training in the lower extremities, little is known about the effects in upper body extremities. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an eccentric arm-crank training protocol and its effects on upper body performance in elite athletes with SCI.\u0000Methods\u0000Nine strength training experienced elite athletes (median (Q1-Q3) age 29 (25–35) years) 6 men, 6 (3-10) years active as elite athlete, 12 (10-13) hours of weekly training) with SCI were recruited. The athletes were active in various wheelchair sports including basketball, cycling and athletics. The athletes performed twenty eccentric arm-crank training sessions (2-3 sessions/week for 10-12 weeks), during which intensity (74-182% of predetermined maximal aerobic power) and duration (8-14 min) were progressively increased. The following parameters were assessed before and after the intervention: maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, grip strength), anaerobic performance (Wingate test), aerobic performance (V̇O2peak-ramp test), arm circumferences. The normal training routine was continued during the study.\u0000Results\u0000Nine athletes with paraplegia successfully completed the eccentric arm-cranking protocol. The cardiometabolic demands of the training sessions were relatively low at an intensity of 69% (66-76) of maximum heart rate. The athletes improved their maximal aerobic power (+3%, p = 0.047) and increased their arm circumferences (+1-3%, p ≤ 0.027). The further parameters showed no significant improvements, nevertheless most athletes showed individual improvements in all parameters.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Twenty sessions of progressive eccentric arm-cranking, added on top of the normal training routine, improved performance in elite athletes with SCI. The individual improvements found in the athletes are clinically relevant as in this well-trained population, any further gains in upper body performance can be difficult to reach. Nevertheless, such progress can make a critical difference in competition. These preliminary data suggest that our protocol is a feasible method for improving upper body performance in elite athletes using eccentric strength training. A future study will assess the effects of eccentric training during primary SCI rehabilitation.\u0000References\u0000Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Chronic adap","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}