Ingenieria最新文献

{"title":"Extraordinary Passive Safety in Cars Using a Sensor Network Model","authors":"J. S. Ruíz Castilla, F. García Lamont","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18493","url":null,"abstract":"Context:  The automobile industry has included active and passive safety. Active safety incorporates elements to avoid crashes and collisions. Some elements are ABS brakes and stabilization bars, among others. On the other hand, passive safety avoids or minimizes damage to the occupants in the event of an accident. Some passive safety features include seat belts and front and curtain airbags for the driver and other occupants.\u0000Method: In this research work, we propose a new category called Extraordinary Passive Safety (XPS). A model of a sensor network was designed to inspect the conditions inside the car to detect fire, smoke, gases, and extreme temperatures. The sensors send data to a device (DXPS) capable of receiving and storing the data.\u0000Results: Each sensor collects data and sends it to the DXPS every period. The sensor sends 0s while there is no risk, and 1s when it detects a risk. When the DXPS receives a 1, the pattern is evaluated, and the risk is identified. Since there are several sensors, the reading pattern is a set of 0s (000000). When a pattern with one or more 1s (000100, 010101) is received, the DXPS can send an alert or activate a device.\u0000Conclusions: The proposed solution could save the lives of children left in the car or people trapped when the car catches fire. As future work, it is intended to define the devices to avoid or minimize damage to the occupants such as oxygen supply, gas extraction, regulating the temperature, among others.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización de tráfico para el servicio de Video Streaming en vivo sobre DASH en redes 4G basado en analizadores sintácticos","authors":"Héctor Fabio Bermúdez Orozco, Wilmar Yesid Campo Muñoz, Evelio Astaiza Hoyos","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17960","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: El tráfico de datos móviles generado por los servicios de video aumenta a diario. Para enfrentar dicha situación, los proveedores de servicios de telecomunicaciones deben conocer el comportamiento del tráfico de video y así ajustar los recursos de la red que permitan satisfacer y mantener los niveles de calidad requeridos por los usuarios. Los estudios de caracterización de tráfico en redes 4G para el servicio Live Video Streaming (LVS) son escasos y los disponibles son obtenidos a partir de escenarios de simulación en los cuales no se consideran las condiciones reales de funcionamiento de este tipo de redes.\u0000Método: Este trabajo se centra en encontrar un modelado que caracterice el tráfico a partir de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad del servicio LVS bajo la técnica de streaming adaptativo DASH en redes LTE. Las trazas analizadas para realizar el estudio del modelado fueron adquiridas en escenarios reales de emulación considerando las condiciones de funcionamiento frecuentemente presentadas en la prestación real del servicio, para lo cual se definieron cinco escenarios de prueba. Resultados: Se presenta la descripción, a partir de la parametrización de algunas funciones de densidad de probabilidad encontradas, de diferentes modelos de tráfico del servicio bajo estudio y para cada uno de los escenarios de prueba preestablecidos en una red 4G-LTE.\u0000Conclusiones: A partir de los resultados, se concluye que el modelo de tráfico depende de las condiciones de cada escenario y que no existe un modelo único que describa el comportamiento general del servicio LVS bajo la técnica de streaming adaptativo DASH en una la red LTE emulada.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capital Requirements to Cover Operational Risk in Financial Institutions of Emerging Markets. A Gaussian Copula Model","authors":"Betty Johanna Garzon-Rozo, Claudia Paola Martín Bernal, Feizar Javier Rueda Velasco","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18575","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) has been the umbrella to identify the models used for modeling the capital to cover Operational Risk (Total Operational Value at Risk, OpVaR) in financial institutions in developed countries. The Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) has been the most popular model used by international banks for OpVaR calculation. However, the operational losses frequently have multivariate dependences that are not accounted for in the LDA. This paper applies a Gaussian copula to model the multivariate dependences in operational losses.\u0000Method: Two models were compared to estimate capital requirement for operational risk. Model (i) is the standard LDA model (BCBS 2004). Model (ii) incorporates a multivariate Gaussian copula into the LDA to model multivariate dependence between operational losses (severities). This research analyzes an operational loss data set, SAS® Operational Risk Global Data (SAS OpRisk Global Data), in order to model operational risk at financial institutions in emerging markets between 1990 and 2013.\u0000Results: The impact of Model (ii) was evaluated on the estimates of the total regulatory capital for operational risk and compared with the one predicted by (i). The results confirm the existence of diversification benefit up to 33%.\u0000Conclusions: Modeling explicitly the multivariate dependence between operational losses has a clear impact on capital requirement for institutions in emerging markets. The implementation of a Gaussian copula into the LDA model provides a sophisticated tool to estimate operational risk capital in emerging markets, as well as the possibility for diversification benefit.\u0000Acknowledgements: To SAS for providing the database used in this research.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulación de una política de inventario basada en la metodología Demand Driven MRP desde un enfoque de redes de Petri","authors":"Andrés Mauricio Paredes Rodríguez, Kevin Alexander Ciro Jaramillo, José Daniel Jaramillo Ceballos","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18002","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: En la actualidad, las compañías se enfrentan a una problemática asociada al control del inventario debido a que existe un alto número de referencias que se deben administrar con el objetivo de reducir las ventas perdidas y disminuir el inventario de baja rotación.\u0000Método: Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) es una estrategia de control de inventarios innovadora que incorpora elementos de sistemas Lean y teoría de restricciones que llevan a introducir buffers dinámicos con el objetivo de controlar los niveles de inventario al tiempo que se responde a la demanda. Las redes de Petri se utilizan para simular y validar la aplicación de la metodología DDMRP en un inventario de producto terminado.\u0000Resultados: A partir de la simulación realizada, se logra comprobar la efectividad de la metodología DDMRP para el caso de estudio, en el que se reduce el sobrestock de inventario al mismo tiempo que se minimiza la posibilidad de agotados.\u0000Conclusiones: La simulación de la metodología DDMRP a través de redes de Petri permitió evaluar el funcionamiento de la política antes de su implementación, en aras de validar la efectividad de la estrategia sobre indicadores de desempeño de la compañía como el nivel de servicio y los costos de almacenamiento.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45002010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservación de piña mínimamente procesada: evaluación de parámetros fisicoquímicos","authors":"Claudia Liliana Vargas Serna, Vanessa Gonzalez Torres, Claudia Isabel Ochoa Martinez, Carlos Antonio Vélez Pasos","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17564","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: El alto consumo de piña a nivel mundial requiere que el mercado ofrezca diferentes alternativas de comercialización, incluyendo productos mínimamente procesados. Los cambios indeseables en el producto durante el almacenamiento pueden reducirse mediante las condiciones de procesamiento y empaque. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tipo de empaque, el pretratamiento y el tipo de corte sobre parámetros de calidad de piña fresca cortada.\u0000Método: La piña fue cortada en cubos de 2 cm de lado y en cuartos de rodaja de 1,5 cm de espesor. Las muestras se almacenaron en envases PET con o sin almohadilla absorbente. Se evaluó además el preenfriamiento de las muestras. Se evaluaron propiedades de calidad del producto durante 14 días de almacenamiento.\u0000Resultados: Los cuartos de rodaja presentaron menor pérdida de peso, mantuvieron el color, el contenido de vitamina C, los polifenoles y la capacidad antioxidante, mientras el corte en cubos presentó mejor comportamiento en cuanto a la firmeza. El uso de almohadillas absorbentes aceleró la pérdida de peso, el preenfriamiento no mostró un efecto significativo en las variables de respuesta.\u0000Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es posible mantener las propiedades de calidad de piña variedad MD2 mínimamente procesada cortada en cuartos de rodaja y empacada en envases PET conservando la vitamina C y los compuestos fenólicos.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Sound Field Separation Method under Variations in the Location of the Sampling Points","authors":"Sebastian Lopez Mejia, Andres Felipe Piedrahita Montes","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18466","url":null,"abstract":"Context:  Measuring the directivity characteristics and the frequency response of acoustic sources is a difficult process, as the dimensions and boundary conditions of the testing rooms used could constrain the measurement procedure. The testing room should guarantee a free-field condition, which is usually satisfied by using big acoustic absorbers with fibrous materials with high absorption coefficients. However, standing wave patterns can be easily developed due to the frequency range exciting the testing room.\u0000Method: The sound field separation method can isolate the radiated field of an acoustic source by sampling the sound field around it over two holographic spheres. The coordinates of the sampling points are used in a set of equations, whose solution can estimate the radiated field. In this paper, the effect of the variability on the actual positions of these sampling points is investigated.\u0000Results: Two numerical simulations with and without external sources outside the holographic spheres were performed. In all simulations, variations in the radial position of the sampling points were induced, and the relative reconstruction error, the directivity index, and the frequency response were studied. The results indicate that, for the estimation of the directivity of low-frequency acoustic sources, regardless of the presence of external sources, radial positioning of the sensors does not have to be exact to obtain an accurate reconstruction.\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that, in the experimental characterization in conventional testing rooms of the radiated field from acoustic sources whose main frequency region corresponds to low frequencies, e.g. subwoofers, the SFS method could be used, thus obtaining high accuracy in the estimation of the directivity of the source.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization, Design Testing and Numerical Modeling of a Subsonic-Low Speed Wind Tunnel","authors":"Andrés Lara, Jonathan Toledo, Robert Paul Salazar Romero","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17973","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Wind tunnels are essential devices in the study of flow properties through objects and scaled prototypes. This work presents a numerical study to characterize an existing wind tunnel, proposing modifications with the aim to improve the quality of the flow in the test chamber.\u0000Method: Experimental measurements of the inlet velocity and pressure distribution of a wind tunnel are nperformed. These empirical values are used as parameters to define boundary conditions in simulations. The Finite Element Method (FEM) at low speeds is implemented to determine the stream function by using a standard Galerkin method. Polynomial interpolations are employed to modify the contraction section design, and numerical simulations are performed in order to compare the numerical results of the flow for the existing and the modified wind tunnels.\u0000Results: Experimental measurements of the flow at the wind tunnel entrance are presented. The velocity field and distribution of thermodynamic variables inside the tunnel are numerically determined. This computations are useful since it is experimentally difficult to make measurements inside the channel. Additionally, numerical calculations of these variables are presented under modifications in the tunnel geometry.\u0000Conclusions: A comparison between these simulations show that laminar flow at low velocities can be modeled as incompressible and irrotational fluid under a bidimensional approximation along its longitudinal section. It is observed that modifications in the geometry of the tunnel can improve the flow in the test section of the wind tunnel in the laminar regime.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43637817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aprovechamiento energético sostenible de un recurso geotermal: caso sala de dosificación de la Planta Luis Prieto Gómez","authors":"Beatriz Eugenia Ospina Betancur, Walter Murillo Arango","doi":"10.14483/23448393.16913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.16913","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: La potabilización de agua como proceso industrial demanda energía para su operación, así que con el fin de suplir la energía eléctrica que requiere la calefacción del ambiente de la sala en la que se realiza la dosificación de productos químicos, se exploró la matriz energética no convencional mediante la determinación de la viabilidad ambiental y financiera de un sistema de calefacción sostenible que aprovechara el calor del agua termal que llega a la Planta Luis Prieto Gómez proveniente del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz.\u0000Método: Se realizó una investigación de tipo mixto mediante un diseño de campo para caracterizar el contexto del aprovechamiento, una asesoría especializada para determinar el sistema de calefacción y una revisión bibliográfica para abordar el análisis financiero por flujo de caja, el análisis ambiental por huella de carbono y la sostenibilidad de la propuesta.\u0000Resultados: Se determinó el contexto del aprovechamiento del calor y se caracterizó la carga térmica requerida al interior de la sala, con lo cual se estableció que un sistema de intercambiadores de calor tubulares generaba la viabilidad operativa, con una proyección de ahorro económico de un 78 % frente a un sistema convencional y una reducción de impactos ambientales representados en 3,25 toneladas de CO2 menos emitidas a la atmósfera anualmente.\u0000Conclusiones: Se respondió a la incorporación de la sostenibilidad energética para la generación de las condiciones operativas dentro de la producción de agua potable en la planta, partiendo desde la concepción del uso del agua termal como recurso renovable, sumado a la producción de calor por medio de un ciclo de vida cerrado, demostrando un diálogo entre las esferas económica, ambiental y social como lo requiere el desarrollo sostenible.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of a Dynamic Algorithm for the Maintenance and Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows","authors":"Carlos Andrés López Ayala, Wilson Jurado Valbuena, Eduyn Ramiro Lopez Santana","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18482","url":null,"abstract":"Context:  In the context of business organizations, every process in which the product is immersed has a cost and time associated with it. The area of maintenance planning and scheduling is no exception; however, it is an aspect in which few companies specialize, tending to be outsourced. In this sense, the application of combinatorial models is a tool with a high potential to improve the overall performance of the organization through the understanding of the integral maintenance process.\u0000Method: A two-phase (maintenance and routing) dynamic algorithm is proposed which considers a set of clients distributed in a maintenance network (distance), where each of the technicians start from the same central node (depot), which, in turn, is the endpoint of each assigned route. The objective is to minimize the total cost associated with the development of preventive and corrective maintenance of all machines to be evaluated. With this purpose, the formulation of the mathematical problem for each of the phases and its interrelation method is proposed. Then, performance measures are expressed to evaluate the achieved objectives.\u0000Results: The results satisfy a consistent alternative for the resolution of problems of the NP-Hard type, which generates a high level of complexity to the model. That is, it proposes a tool for solving problems of these characteristics in low computational response times and with appealing results.\u0000Conclusions: The combined maintenance and routing model using a dynamic algorithm addresses the maintenance and routing problem satisfactorily. The model shows good results with respect to the comparison optimization model in percentage gaps of performance measures lower than 5%. As for the computational time required, a reduction of up to 98% was achieved, which makes it an ideal alternative for highly complex scenarios. Finally, achieving a higher level of characterization, employing multi-objective decision criteria and a greater number of constraints to the problem, is proposed in future research.\u0000Acknowledgements: To the High-Performance Computing Center (CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño) of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas for their support, as well as for providing us with a virtual machine to run the proposed mathematical model, which was an essential element in the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42426711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un enfoque desde la ingeniería de software a una solución tecnológica de IoT y aprendizaje automático que permita monitorear y controlar las variables medioambientales en un cultivo de café","authors":"William Ruiz Martinez, Arnaldo Andrés González Gómez","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18495","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: La ingeniería de software nos permite abordar el diseño y desarrollo de software desde la aplicación práctica del conocimiento científico. En el caso de esta solución de IoT y el enfoque de aprendizaje automático en el monitoreo y control de las variables medioambientales en un cultivo de café, nos permite visualizar determinados artefactos del sistema en su interacción con los usuarios y en el comportamiento con otros artefactos o dispositivos que integran una solución tecnológica.\u0000Método: Para el presente trabajo, se plantea la aplicación de la ingeniería del software desde un enfoque conceptual y del comportamiento del sistema. Para cumplir con estos objetivos se optó por emplear el lenguaje unificado de modelado (UML) de forma tal que se pudieran representar los componentes más importantes de la solución tecnológica desde una perspectiva estática a través de los diagramas de casos de uso y desde el punto de vista dinámico a través de los diagramas de secuencia.\u0000Resultados: Mediante la aplicación del UML, fue posible desarrollar el modelamiento conceptual y del comportamiento de ciertos artefactos y componentes. Este conocimiento permitió identificar la interacción entre componentes y dispositivos físicos (máquina a máquina) y la interacción hombre-máquina, es decir, la relación entre usuarios y procesos que componen la solución tecnológica.\u0000Conclusiones: A través de la ingeniería de software y más específicamente del UML, pudimos establecer la importancia de conocer los diferentes artefactos que componen un sistema o aplicación desde un enfoque técnico y funcional diferente, pudiendo recopilar información valiosa sobre el comportamiento de ciertos artefactos del sistema, así como de la interacción entre usuarios y procesos.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}