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Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0356
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引用次数: 0
Morality Before the Enlightenment: An Interpretation of Viscount Stair's Natural Law Theory, c. 1681 启蒙运动前的道德:对斯泰尔子爵自然法理论的解读，约1681年
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0361
Stephen Bogle
{"title":"Morality Before the Enlightenment: An Interpretation of Viscount Stair's Natural Law Theory, c. 1681","authors":"Stephen Bogle","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0361","url":null,"abstract":"As a leading judge of seventeenth century Scotland, Viscount Stair (1619−1695) was a significant public figure in the immediate period before the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, he offers a vital but often overlooked insight into the intellectual life of Scotland during his lifetime. However, as Stair never published anything specifically on moral philosophy, this article asks if it is possible to reconstruct a moral theory on his behalf based on his printed legal and theological works. On the assumption that this is feasible, this article examines how Stair’s moral theory relates to the Scottish variant of natural jurisprudence. In response to these questions, the analysis offered here argues that one can constructure answers to central questions of moral philosophy from Stair’s printed works, and further that it is possible to classify his moral theory as an early example of Scottish natural jurisprudence. Although there are acknowledged challenges in reconstructing his moral theory, it is suggested by the argument below that, to fully grasp the intellectual life of seventeenth century Scotland, we may need to engage more deeply with the theological works of seventeenth century Scots as well as adopt resourceful methods to build a picture of seventeenth century ideas relating to morality.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Studies on Seventeenth-Century Scottish Philosophy 十七世纪苏格兰哲学新研究
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0357
Giovanni Gellera
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引用次数: 0
Archibald Pitcairne and the Newtonian Turn of Medical Philosophy 阿奇博尔德·皮特凯恩和医学哲学的牛顿转向
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0362
Sebastiano Gino
{"title":"Archibald Pitcairne and the Newtonian Turn of Medical Philosophy","authors":"Sebastiano Gino","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0362","url":null,"abstract":"Archibald Pitcairne’s medical writings are inspired by Newton’s Principia mathematica, as the Scottish physician assumed Newtonian physics as a model for scientific inquiry that should be applied to other branches of natural philosophy, including physiology and pathology. The ideal of a comprehensive mathematical science was very appealing to late seventeenth-century intellectuals, including physicians. This essay focuses on how Pitcairne tried to implement these ideas. In particular, I argue that Pitcairne’s medical thinking is based on three philosophical assumptions: first, a methodological assumption, for which medical knowledge should be sought in the form of a deductive system; second, an epistemological assumption, that is, that our knowledge of physiological processes is sound only when we reduce them to a set of mathematical laws; and, third, an ontological assumption that identifies blood as the substance on which animal life most directly depends. I also suggest that such ideas should be studied against the backdrop of Pitcairne’s general mindset, including his personal sympathy for political conservativism. I further argue that his insistence on the reduction of natural processes to mathematical relations and his search for the universal order of nature also connect to his religious and political ideals.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robert Balfour and William Chalmers on the Essence, Existence and Aptness of Accidents 罗伯特·巴尔弗和威廉·查尔默斯论意外事件的本质、存在和适宜性
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0360
Alexander Broadie
{"title":"Robert Balfour and William Chalmers on the Essence, Existence and Aptness of Accidents","authors":"Alexander Broadie","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0360","url":null,"abstract":"Two seventeeth-century Scottish Catholic philosophers, Robert Balfour and William Chalmers, are introduced and their accounts of the metaphysics of the Eucharist are discussed. Their ideas are largely in terms of the Aristotelian concepts of substance, accident and inherence, with special attention paid to the idea that the essence of an accident is not its actual inherence (that is, its act of inhering) in a substance but its aptness for inherence in a substance. Balfour appears to accept this (Thomist) doctrine. But Chalmers has a different story to tell. He holds that the essence of an accident is not its actual inherence or its power to inhere (which includes its aptness for inherence), but instead belongs to what he terms the ‘root and basis’ of that power. I speculate briefly about a possible Scotistic interpretation of his words.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct or Indirect Scotism? Seventeenth-Century Scottish Scholasticism and the Case of James Sibbald (1595–1647) 直接还是间接苏格兰人?17世纪苏格兰经院哲学与詹姆斯·西巴尔德案例(1595-1647)
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0358
Matthew Baines
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引用次数: 0
Maximalising Providence: Samuel Rutherford's Augustinian Transformation of Scotist Scholasticism 最大化天意:塞缪尔·卢瑟福对苏格兰经院哲学的奥古斯丁式转变
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0359
Simon J. G. Burton
{"title":"Maximalising Providence: Samuel Rutherford's Augustinian Transformation of Scotist Scholasticism","authors":"Simon J. G. Burton","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0359","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years evidence has emerged of the considerable influence of Scotist metaphysics on the Reformed scholasticism of the seventeenth century. One of the figures often named in connection with this Scotist revival is Samuel Rutherford (1600–61), who was one of the most important Scottish theologians of the seventeenth century. Focussing on Rutherford’s maximalist doctrine of providence, this article demonstrates his profound debt to key Scotist philosophical devices. In structuring these concepts, however, it is demonstrated that Rutherford is influenced not so much by Scotus directly but rather much more by the modified Scotism of Thomas Bradwardine, the fourteenth-century Augustinian theologian. In particular, Bradwardine is revealed as the key influence on Rutherford’s modal theory and his sophisticated account of divine concourse. The paper concludes by arguing that Bradwardine’s influence on Rutherford suggests the need to take a broader view of the late medieval influence on Reformed scholasticism than is currently the case.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ferguson’s View of Society based on Instinct 基于本能的弗格森社会观
IF 0.3
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0354
H. Kawakami
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引用次数: 0
Educating a Young Aristocrat during Grand Tour: Moral and Political Economy in Adam Smith 大旅行中的青年贵族教育:亚当·斯密的道德与政治经济学
IF 0.3
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0352
Hiroki Ueno
{"title":"Educating a Young Aristocrat during Grand Tour: Moral and Political Economy in Adam Smith","authors":"Hiroki Ueno","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0352","url":null,"abstract":"As a tutor for a ‘Grand Tour’, Adam Smith both taught and exercised his moral philosophy for his pupil, the third Duke of Buccleuch. Moral education in Smith’s moral philosophy has, in general, been less discussed, partly because of its descriptive, not prescriptive, tone. Smith’s prescriptive suggestions, if anything, required of ordinary citizens only thin or light morality, different from what the word ‘virtues’ normally reminds us of at present. However, Smith’s moral argument left sufficient room for developing superior morality among leading politicians and legislators, cultivated with the language of virtue, aside from basic moral sense and rules required of ordinary citizens. Smith wanted his nobleman-student to learn the virtue of ‘oeconomy’, a necessary trait for governing private land estates. This exploration into Smith’s great interest in private moral economy shall shed new light on his rich analysis of the modern political economy.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sympathy and Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment 同情与苏格兰启蒙运动中的政治经济学
IF 0.3
Journal of Scottish Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/jsp.2023.0351
T. Sakamoto
{"title":"Sympathy and Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment","authors":"T. Sakamoto","doi":"10.3366/jsp.2023.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2023.0351","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, in Hume and Smith, ‘sympathy’ occupies a central position as the principle of moral judgment. The key to solving the relationship between sympathy and economic thought lies in the theory of justice. Hume and Smith inherited Hutcheson’s criticism of the Hobbesian selfish system and considered humans selfish and social. For both, the relationship between selfishness and sympathy is neither a contradiction nor a subordinate structure in which selfishness ultimately dominates sympathy. In this joint project, Hume’s institutional utilitarianism could justify Smith’s economic theories and provide Smith’s theory of government with a proper philosophical foundation. I argue that this is particularly significant because Smith himself failed to provide the foundation in areas where the idea of public utility plays a vital role, such as in the critical case of national defence and the decline of martial spirit.","PeriodicalId":41417,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scottish Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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