{"title":"INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY FILTER-BANK FEATURES FOR LOW RESOURCE SPEECH RECOGNITION USING DEEP RECURRENT ARCHITECTURES","authors":"Shekhar Nayak, C. S. Kumar, K. Murty","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530049","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and its variants have achieved significant success in speech recognition. Long short term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) are the two most popular variants which overcome the vanishing gradient problem of RNNs and also learn effectively long term dependencies. Light gated recurrent units (Li-GRUs) are more compact versions of standard GRUs. Li-GRUs have been shown to provide better recognition accuracy with significantly faster training. These different RNN inspired architectures invariably use magnitude based features and the phase information is generally ignored. We propose to incorporate the features derived from the analytic phase of the speech signals for speech recognition using these RNN variants. Instantaneous frequency filter-bank (IFFB) features derived from Fourier transform relations performed at par with the standard MFCC features for recurrent units based acoustic models despite being derived from phase information only. Different system combinations of IFFB features with the magnitude based features provided lowest PER of 12.9% and showed relative improvements of up to 16.8% over standalone MFCC features on TIMIT phone recognition using Li-GRU based architecture. IFFB features significantly outperformed the modified group delay coefficients (MGDC) features in all our experiments.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126248332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of RIS Assisted Smart Grid HEMS using RQAM Modulation","authors":"Ashish Kumar Padhan, P. R. Sahu, S. Samantaray","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530086","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we analyze the performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted radio frequency (RF) system in smart grid application. In a smart grid, the smart meter (SM) plays an important role in communication between the smart devices and the utility control centre (UCC). The UCC can communicate using the RIS assisted communication link to the SM and the SM interact with the smart devices with the communication link based RF communication using the RQAM modulation scheme. Based on the system model, a closed-form expression for the average symbol error rate (ASER) is derived and analyzed by varying the various parameters like the number of reflector in the RIS, traffic intensity, quadrature to in-phase decision distance ratio, and the total number of devices.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128909240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Predistortion Resource Optimization for Frequency Hopping Transceiver System","authors":"Jaya Mishra, Girish Chandra Tripathi, M. Rawat","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530074","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency hopping (FH) is one of the best spread spectrum techniques for interference avoidance. Nonlinearity of PA is still a hindrance in using high efficiency modulation like QAM with FH. As dwell time is short, applying digital predistortion (DPD) to mitigate nonlinearity becomes critical. Memory Polynomial Model (MPM) based indirect learning architecture offers feasible solutions with reasonable resource utilization for FPGA implementation. Hard coded DPD in FPGA is the best possibility for FH system. It takes less time in the implementation and application of DPD. If a single DPD for the whole frequency band 105MHz (2.395GHz to 2.5GHz) is used, it will consume less FPGA resource but will not provide good result. Hard coded DPD at each hopping frequency is not possible because of limited resource of FPGA. So, a solution has been worked out to use six DPD, each DPD for 3 to 4 hopping frequency. Thus, this paper provides a real-time solution of DPD implementation for the FH system in the above band. NMSE has been used to judge the efficacy of DPD. The resource utilized and time taken has been studied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123170683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Sharma, Sobir Ali, Varsha Lohani, Y. N. Singh
{"title":"A Penalty-Based Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Fragmented Elastic Optical Network Spectrum","authors":"Anjali Sharma, Sobir Ali, Varsha Lohani, Y. N. Singh","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530071","url":null,"abstract":"Routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) has been an area of keen interest in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). Improper resource provisioning causes fragmentation in the network spectrum, which leads to inefficient spectrum utilization. It also causes an increase in blocking of the new connection requests. Fragmentation management techniques are complicated and costly. There is a need to operate the network in a fragmented state without worsening the performance. In this work, we present a penalty-based routing and spectrum assignment technique to mitigate fragmentation effects. We also propose a best-effort routing and spectrum assignment if the demanded spectrum resources are not available. The simulation results show that the proposed techniques perform better in terms of resource blocking ratio and network spectrum utilization.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121403470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Angle of Arrival distribution for Coherent Scattering from an Undulating Sea Surface","authors":"M. Rawat, Brejesh Lall, Seshan Srirangarajan","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530055","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we aim to evaluate the statistical characterization of the angle of arrival (AoA) at the receiver due to coherent scattering from a random sea surface. We represent the sea surface as a Sum of Sinusoids (SoS) and model it using Pierson-Moscovitz (PM) sea wave spectrum. We evaluate the random behavior of potential scatterers along the sea surface, sea surface wave height, and their possible impact on the distribution of AoA at the receiver. Initially, analysis is carried out for a single realization of the sea surface, i.e., a sinusoidal surface. The results obtained for a sinusoidal surface are averaged to evaluate the characteristics of the ensemble-averaged SoS surface. The AoA model proposed in this work can be applied to diverse environmental conditions. The PDF so obtained can further be used to evaluate the Doppler spread and Autocorrelation function in an UW channel.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116584659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Capacity of Photonic Erasure Channels with Detector Dead Times","authors":"Jaswanthi Mandalapu, K. Jagannathan","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530152","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a photonic communication system wherein the photon detector suffers a random ‘dead time’ following each successful photon detection. If subsequent photon arrivals occur during the dead time, the information contained in the photons is assumed to be erased. We refer to such channels as photonic erasure channels and derive fundamental limits on the rate at which classical information can be transmitted on such channels. We assume photon arrivals according to a Poisson process, and consider two classes of detectors - paralyzable and nonparalyzable. We derive explicit expressions for the capacity of photonic erasure channels, for any general distribution of the dead times of the detector. For a photonic erasure channel with a nonparalyzable detector, we show that the capacity depends only on the expected dead time. On the other hand, with a paralyzable detector, the channel capacity depends on the dead time distribution through its Laplace transform.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114316276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning Based Method for Robust DOA Estimation using Co-prime Circular Conformal Microphone Array","authors":"Raj Prakash Gohil, Gyanajyoti Routray, R. Hegde","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530130","url":null,"abstract":"Sound source localization in 1-Dimensional (1D) and 2-Dimensional (2D) is one of the most familiar problems in signal processing. Various types of microphone arrays and their geometry have been explored to find an optimal solution to this problem. The problem becomes more challenging for a reverberate and noisy environment. Localization of the source both in the azimuth and elevation increases the complexity further. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based learning approach has been proposed to estimate the primary source in 2D space. Further, a noble co-prime circular conformal microphone array (C3MA) geometry has been developed for sound acquisition. The generalized cross-correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT)features have been extracted from the C3MA recordings, which are the input features for training purposes. The experimental results show that the learning-based estimation is more robust compared to the conventional signal processing approach. The learning-based approach also explores the GCC-PHAT features and can be adapted in an adverse acoustic environment. The performance of the proposed algorithm shows significant improvement in the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) scores compared to the available state-of-art methods.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114364276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phrase recognition using Improved Lip reading through Phase-Based Eulerian Video Magnification","authors":"Salam Nandakishor, D. Pati","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530021","url":null,"abstract":"Lip reading is a technique to understand speech by visual observations of the lip movements. While speaking the subtle motion or temporal variations of our mouth are generally invisible by naked humans eyes. It is mainly due to the limited range of visual perception. These imperceptible visual information consist of useful hidden information. The Eulerian video magnification (EVM) technique is used to magnify the video for revealing such hidden information. In this work, the phase based EVM method is used to magnify the subtle spatial and temporal information of the mouth movements for phrases recognition task. The local binary pattern histogram extracted from three orthogonal plane (XY, XT and YT), known as LBP-TOP is used as visual feature to represent mouth movements. The support vector machine (SVM) is used for recognition of phrases. The experiments are performed on OuluVS database. The lip-reading approach without EVM provides 62% accuracy whereas the phase based EVM method provides 70% accuracy. This shows that the proposed method extracts comparatively more robust and discriminative visual features for phrase recognition task.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130399498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kakarla, V. K. Munagala, T. Ishizaka, A. Fukuda, S. Jana
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Prediction of Roadside PM2.5 based on Sparse Mobile Sensing and Traffic Information","authors":"A. Kakarla, V. K. Munagala, T. Ishizaka, A. Fukuda, S. Jana","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530042","url":null,"abstract":"While real-time management of urban mobility has become common in modern cities, it is now imperative to attempt such management subject to a sustainable emission target. To achieve this, one would require emission estimates at spatiotemporal resolutions that are significantly higher than the usual. In this paper, we consider roadside concentration of PM2.5, and make predictions at high spatio-temporal resolution based on location, time and traffic levels. Specifically, we optimized various machine learning models, including ones involving bagging and boosting, and found Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost, XGB) to be superior. Moreover, the tuned and optimized XGB utilizing traffic information achieved significant gain in terms of multiple performance measures over a reference method ignoring such information, indicating the usefulness of the latter in predicting PM2.5 concentration.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134165408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential Scale based Multi-objective Task Scheduling and Computational Offloading in Fog Networks","authors":"M. Saxena, Sudhir Kumar","doi":"10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC52529.2021.9530077","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing suffers from various challenging issues in Internet of Things (IoT) networks like real-time response, energy-efficient execution, and cost of computation. Fog is an emerging distributed computing paradigm which is useful for delay-sensitive tasks in IoT network. An offloading strategy decides where to offload the task and a task scheduling strategy chooses an appropriate fog node based on the requirements of the task while meeting the quality of services (QoS) criteria. Although the computational offloading and task scheduling problem has been widely studied, there is very limited research on delay-energy tradeoff. We propose a fog network that follows an M/M/c queue for computational offloading and a differential scale-based Best Worst Method (BWM) for computation of optimal weights in multi-objective task scheduling. The optimization problem minimizes the execution delay while meeting QoS criteria. The numerical experiments show the efficacy for the different QoS criteria.","PeriodicalId":414087,"journal":{"name":"2021 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}