2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society最新文献

{"title":"Limitations and Applications of ICA for Surface Electromyogram","authors":"Djuwari Djuwari, D. Kumar, S. Arjunan, G. Naik","doi":"10.1142/S1469026808002272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1469026808002272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports research conducted to evaluate the use of sparse ICA for the separation of muscle activity from SEMG. It discusses some of the conditions that could affect the reliability of the separation and evaluates issues related to the properties of the signals and number of sources. The paper reports tests using Zibulevsky's method of temporal plotting to identify number of independent sources in SEMG recordings. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that sparse ICA is not suitable for SEMG signals. The results identify that the technique is unable to identify finite number of active muscles. The work demonstrates that even at extremely low level of muscle contraction, and with filtering using wavelets and band pass filters, it is not possible to get the data sparse enough to identify number of independent sources using Zibulevsky's sparse decomposition technique","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124355596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer Information Enhancement with a 2-D Tactile Stimulator Array for Acoustic Vision Substitute System","authors":"H. Taki, Toru Sato","doi":"10.1093/ietisy/e90-d.5.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e90-d.5.808","url":null,"abstract":"Existing vision substitute systems provide insufficient information as a navigation system. To present spatial information in detail, we propose a stimulation method for transfer information enhancement by using a 2-D tactile stimulator array. Stimulators are divided into several groups. Since each stimulator group is activated alternately, the interval of stimulators can be shortened to less than the two-point discrimination threshold. In the case that stimulators are divided into two and four groups, the number of stimulators increase to twice and four times of that in the case of the two-point discrimination threshold. We examine and confirm this method experimentally","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126736376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Mechanisms for Thrombosis in Microvessels","authors":"Qin Lin, D. Mire, B. Fu","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413334","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis that thrombus can be induced in curved vessels due to mechanical stimuli was tested both experimentally and computationally. Our in vivo experiments on the mesentery of Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) showed that thrombi were formed in non-injured curved microvessels (post-capillary venules, 20-50 micrometer in diameter), and they were initiated at the inner side of the vessel. We observed thrombus formation in 7 out of 32 microvessels after they were stretched and curved for 10-60 mm. To investigate the mechanical mechanisms of thrombus induction, we performed 3-D computational simulation using commercial software, FLUENT. The blood flow was approximated as a Newtonian laminar flow with Reynolds number around 0.01 in this type of microvessels. We considered the vessels with different curvatures (90deg and 180deg) as well as different shaped-cross sections (circular and elliptic). Computational results demonstrated that the shear rate and shear rate gradient and at the inner side of the vessel were higher than those at the opposite side. The differences became larger in more bended and elliptic-shaped microvessels. This suggested that higher shear rate and shear rate gradient are two of the factors that initiate the thrombosis in curved post-capillary venules. Our results are consistent with others in branched venules","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134153157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Targeted Therapy with Monoclonal Antibodies: The New Generation of Pharmaceuticals\"","authors":"D. Goldenberg","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259776","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has witnessed a revolution in pharmaceutical sciences and commercial products with the introduction and intensification of biological products. Foremost has been the development and commercialization of antibodies, particularly for the therapy of cancer, with 8 such products already approved in the USA and hundreds of product candidates in various stages of clinical development. Although monoclonal antibodies have been pursued as new commercial candidates for about 30 years, advances in antibody engineering were required to de-immunize them for repeated human use, and when used as targeting agents, various constructs with isotopes, drug, and toxins have been developed and commercialized. As new targets become identified, the diverse antibody products are gaining in attention as prospective new therapeutics even beyond cancer, such as in the therapy of autoimmune, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Not only are new antibody constructs of multifunctional nature being developed for enhanced potency, but new delivery systems involving methods of separating the targeting moiety from the effector molecules (radionuclided, drugs, toxins, cytokines), such as in so-called pretargeting methods, are under development. These advances have resulted in the concept of targeted disease therapy, attended by a better safety profile for this new class of pharmaceuticals, and are being used increasingly in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs approved for the therapy of cancer and immune diseases. These disease-targeting antibodies, however, should soon decrease the dependence on traditional cytotoxic drugs by targeting such agents more selectively as immunoconjugates, especially with pretargeting technologies.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130339494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining Security and Privacy of Patient Information","authors":"F. Ferrante","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259655","url":null,"abstract":"As the global Internet evolves into today's more highly mobile and broadband service offerings, it is anticipated that the applications of new services to support telemedicine and eHealth operations using these offerings will result in increasing healthcare benefits for all and generally a lower cost. The one concern that must be addressed when making these changes is to ensure that security technology keeps up with the changes and provides the means by which satisfaction of HIPAA's privacy regulations can be assured. Consider the application of Wireless Communications in connecting medical professionals and patients through the ubiquitous web access arrangements. New products offered to patients and physicians alike are capable of transmitting vital signs, key blood test results for diabetics, blood pressure data, as well as the higher data requirements of X-Rays, MRIs, ultrasounds, CAT scans, and more. But now things are changing. Cell phones, hotspots (802.11 access arrangements) offer opportunities for others to intercept private information if not protected adequately. Today's security offering for wireless hotspots such as the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) offers some security and privacy but it is known to be broken and useful only temporarily and not for protection of vital medical information protection. Currently, chips are being developed that will offer a much stronger protection for personal wireless networks. This recommended standard, referred to as 802.11i's WPA, is already supported within the Microsoft XP Operating System, and it will be enhanced and approved shortly by the latest recommended version of the standard offering WPA2 - for enterprise applications. The final version of 802.11i (WPA2) addresses practically all the vulnerabilities of WEP and more. However, now things are changing once more. A wideband wireless capability that in all likelihood will supercede WIFI within the next five years will allow up to 75 Mbps data transfer rates and support connections to systems in the range of 30 miles or more under the right conditions. In addition, speeding ambulances and cars traveling at speeds in excess of 70 MPH will be more readily capable of interfacing at the higher data rates WIMAX, the much-awaited technology that is expected to provide wireless broadband services on a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) scale is going to be the next wave of evolution (802.16). Once more, as was the case for WIFI, where is the security? Will the WIFi security offerings support that needed at these higher rates? All of this is yet to be assured. Thus privacy is once again of concern if the standards are not adequate. As planned however, it is my understanding that the new WPA2 will support both WiFi and WIMax security needs. As technology evolves, security must evolve. And if the manufacturers of products can settle on non-proprietary representative devices to support the needs of the medical field, then all will be fine. If they can't, o","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Bio-Defense Technologies\"","authors":"E. Takafuji","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259777","url":null,"abstract":"The continuing threat of terrorism has resulted in an aggressive federal biodefense research effort leading to new approaches and interventions to address the threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Much of the focus has centered on strengthening defenses and response capabilities related to biological, radiological and chemical incidents. For the past four years, the NIH has been involved in a robust effort promoting the development of medical countermeasures against the leading public health terrorist threats. The threat of terrorism has been made more complex with the evolution on endemic infectious diseases with pandemic potential. This presentation will focus on some of the NIH efforts and the technological applications that have resulted in new approaches in mitigating these threats to national security and global health.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129719841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Molecular Imaging\"","authors":"M. Phelps","doi":"10.1109/iembs.2006.259771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259771","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Phelps's research interests are in the areas of biological imaging and neurosciences. His research focuses on the merger of biology and imaging to provide the means to examine molecular and cellular function in tissue cultures, as well as integrated organ function in animals and humans. These biological imaging assays are developed and integrated into biology and pharmacology based problems. Autoradiographic studies of cerebral metabolism, protein synthesis and gene expression are used in animals to study brain maturation, neuronal plasticity and compensatory reorganization to disease or injury. The anatomical expression of novel connections due to brain lesions promoting compensatory reorganization of the brain is determined by anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques, and their neurotrophic basis by in situ hybridization and gene knock-out techniques. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is employed to map out gene expression, metabolic maturation, responses to select stimuli and learning, as well as compensatory reorganization of the brain in mice, monkeys and children. PET is also used to study the biological basis of human disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as alterations in neurochemical function by cocaine and methamphetamine.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134266051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Functional Tissue Engineering\"","authors":"V. Mow","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259772","url":null,"abstract":"Articular cartilage is the load-bearing tissue within all freely moving joints of mammals, i.e., the diarthrodial joints such as hips, knees, shoulders, etc. All diarthrodial joints must support loads of high magnitude, and function with a remarkably low coefficient friction even with the generally slow reciprocating motions. For example, in the knee or hip, the magnitude of loading may reach higher than 15x body weight, with a normal stress up to 20 MPa acting on its articulating surfaces. Even the shoulder, generally considered as a non-weight bearing joint, but it is actually not a non-load bearing joint. Due to the lever law effect, there is a 20 to 1 disadvantage; thus a 10N load carried by an outstretched arm may be magnified to 200N acting across the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder. Similarly, in the patello-femoral joint (PFJ) of the knee, again with an approximate 20 to 1 disadvantage, the force and stress levels acting across the PFJ may reach similar magnitudes. In addition, these loads are applied, in a normal young vigorous individual, about one million times a year, with a cyclic frequency usually less than 1Hz. For athletes, these operational mechanical requirements are increased many times. It is no wonder that for some unlucky individuals, they develop arthritis in the hip and knee (most frequently); this is a form of failure in these natural bearings.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124732324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Imaging the Addicted Human Brain: from Molecules to Behavior\"","authors":"N. Volkow","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259770","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction is a disorder that involves complex interactions between a wide array of biological and environmental variables. Studies employing neuroimaging technology paired with sophisticated behavioral measurement paradigms have led to extraordinary progress in elucidating many of the neurochemical and functional changes that occur in the brains of addicts. Although large and rapid increases in dopamine have been linked with the rewarding properties of drugs, the addicted state, in striking contrast, is marked by significant decreases in brain dopamine function. Such decreases are associated with dysfunction of prefrontal regions including orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. In addiction, disturbances in salience attribution result in enhanced value given to drugs and drug-related stimuli at the expense of other reinforcers. Dysfunction in inhibitory control systems, by decreasing the addict's ability to refrain from seeking and consuming drugs, ultimately results in the compulsive drug intake that characterizes the disease. Discovery of such disruptions in the fine balance that normally exists between brain circuits underling reward, motivation, memory and cognitive control have important implications for designing multi-pronged therapies for treating addictive disorders.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130647817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Nano-Technologies for Biomedical Applications\"","authors":"J. West","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259774","url":null,"abstract":"My research in biomaterials and tissue engineering focuses on the synthesis development and application of novel biofunctional materials and on the use of biomaterials and engineering approaches to study biological problems. Several of the projects ongoing in my laboratory are described below. Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts: There is tremendous need for materials for small diameter vascular grafts. Synthetic materials have not proved suitable, and tissue transplantation is limited. Tissue engineering may provide an answer. My laboratory is approaching this problem from two directions; synthesis of novel scaffold materials that mimic extracellular matrix and genetic manipulation of the cells seeded into these scaffolds. The scaffold materials under development provide signals to promote cell adhesion, to control synthesis of matrix proteins, to regulate cell growth, and to allow degradation of the polymer as new tissue forms. The goals for genetic engineering of smooth muscle and endothelial cells are to reduce thrombosis and improve the mechanical properties of the engineered arteries. Medical Applications of Metal Nanoshells: Nanoshells are a new type of nanoparticle with tunable optical properties. For medical applications, these particles can be designed to strongly absorb or scatter light in the near infrared where tissue and blood are relatively transparent. In a cancer therapy application, nanoshells are designed to absorb light and convert the energy to heat for tumor destruction.","PeriodicalId":414051,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133454682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}