Transnational Social Review最新文献

{"title":"Transnational social support from a postcolonial perspective","authors":"Alia Herz-Jakoby, F. Petermann","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1277858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1277858","url":null,"abstract":"In researching current transnational phenomena and processes, Glick Schiller (2005) states that it is important to look at global inequalities and consider dimensions of power relations in order to inform a “new theory of society” (p. 439). Focusing on social support in a transnational context, we argue that a postcolonial perspective offers adequate theoretical tools in this respect. When speaking of transnational social support, we refer to a research focus on social processes that protect and support people in coping with a variety of difficult or burdensome situations that are not limited to national boundaries or local contexts (Chambon, Schröer, & Schweppe, 2012, p. 1). Since the perspective on transnational social support emerged from and is intertwined with research on social work in transnational settings, 1we refer to selected contributions from social work for our argument. To date, postcolonial perspectives have been rarely used in the analysis of power imbalances and inequalities inherent in social support across national boundaries. Castro Varela and Dhawan (2005) point out a difficulty with postcolonial theory: “Despite all attempts at clarification, the term ‘postcolonial’ remains imprecise and highly debated” (translated by authors) (p. 23). Therefore, we will define central aspects of postcolonial theory that we use in order to illustrate its benefits for research on transnational social support. Postcolonial scholars do not consider colonialism as a process that can be ascribed only to the past, but focus on both continuities and discontinuities of colonialism as policy and practice that continue today. Postcolonial studies include historical and current forms of colonialism and neo-colonialism, as well as different forms of resistance to colonialism and processes of decolonization (Abrahamsen, 2003; Castro Varela & Dhawan, 2005, p. 24; 2010). Historical legacies are viewed quite differently from a postcolonial rather than from a transnational perspective. Within postcolonial perspectives a historical sensitivity is always implicit; however, that does not mean that research is focused on historical analyses. Scholars claim to acknowledge that historical processes impact current processes or discourses and still influence current power imbalances. Within research on transnationalism as well as on transnational social support, historical perspectives have tended to be limited to historical analyses. We suggest applying a postcolonial perspective within research on transnational social support, to identify, describe, and explain persisting power relations and thus throw light on the relevant historical contexts of current transnational phenomena.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123326399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The opposite of Dante’s hell? The transfer of ideas for social housing at international congresses in the 1850s–1860s","authors":"Carmen Van Praet","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1221206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1221206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the advent of industrialization, the question of developing adequate housing for the emergent working classes became more pressing. Moreover, the problem of unhygienic houses in industrial cities did not stop at the borders of a particular nation-state, as pandemic diseases spread out “transnationally.” It is not a coincidence that, in the nineteenth century, the number of international congresses on hygiene and social topics expanded substantially. However, the historiography about social policy in general and social housing in particular has often focused on individual cases because of the different pace of industrial and urban development, and is thus dominated by national perspectives. In this paper, I elaborate on transnational exchange processes and local adaptations and transformations. I focus on the transfer of the housing model of a French house building association, the Société Mulhousienne des Cités Ouvrières (SOMCO) in Mulhouse, during social international congresses. I examine whether cross-national networking enabled and facilitated the implementation of ideas on the local scale. I will elaborate on the transmission and the local adaptation of the Mulhouse Model in Belgium, taking into account convergences, divergences, and different factors that influenced the local transformations (personal choice, political situation, socio-economic circumstances).","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124397606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nation, culture, and identity in transnational child welfare practices: Reflection on history to understand the present","authors":"Xiaobei Chen","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1222762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1222762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines two sets of transnational child welfare practices connecting Canada and China: Christian missionaries’ work with children in China and contemporary transnational adoptions, highlighting the problematizations of culture and identity in each situation. The purpose is to bring critical consciousness to issues related to transnational child welfare practices that have been obscured or taken as self-evident. I draw on historical research to discuss three ways in which ideas and practices related to culture and identity in contemporary transnational adoptions reveal the making of the Canadian nation and its racialized and Eurocentric order. Social work responding to transnational challenges and possibilities cannot be separated from hegemonic social and political projects of nation-building. However, we may be able to rework assumptions about the nation and its order, to repurpose its programs, and to contest its subjectivizing power.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the transnational translation of ideas: German social work education in Palestine in the 1930s and 1940s","authors":"J. Gal, S. Köngeter","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1222759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1222759","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the transnational exchange of knowledge of ideas in social work in the first half of the twentieth century. Drawing upon the notion of transnational translation of knowledge, the study presented here sheds light on the interaction between the knowledge and ideas brought to Palestine in the early 1930s by German social worker refugees, and the dominant perceptions, values, and conditions of the Jewish community in that country. The case study follows the efforts to introduce a German model of social work education into Palestine and, particularly, the struggle of leading German-Jewish social worker Siddy Wronsky and others to legitimize the approach of social work developed in Weimar Germany in the 1920s. While a system of local social work institutions did eventually emerge during the period studied, the effort to effectively introduce the German social work approach into Palestine was less successful. The failure to gain legitimacy of the German approach to social work in a social context where the labor movement dominated with a contrasting notion of social welfare was the reason that the translation of knowledge to Palestine was only partially successful.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132281289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular migration between Europe and its neighbourhood: Choice or necessity?","authors":"Michele Manocchi","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1229942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1229942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"608 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122939535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social insurance ideas in the People’s Republic of China: A historical and transnational analysis","authors":"Aiqun Hu","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1222764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1222764","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a historical analysis of the transnational diffusion of social insurance ideas in the People’s Republic of China (1949–present). Based on rich primary documents, this article argues that China’s social insurance policies in the 1950s were heavily influenced by Soviet ideas and institutions of social insurance, which were nevertheless abandoned with the prevailing of Mao’s ideas of “continuing revolution” in the 1960s and 1970s. After China reopened to the world in the late 1970s, China’s social security reforms were first influenced by social insurance ideas of the International Labor Organization (ILO) in the 1980s, then by neoliberal social security models (Singapore’s Central Provident Funds and the World Bank’s three-pillar system) promoted by the World Bank in the 1990s, and finally by the ideas of “social security for all” promoted by the ILO in the new century.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124423086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dutch retirement migration to Spain and Turkey: Seeking access to healthcare across borders","authors":"A. Gehring","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1180870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1180870","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focuses on Dutch retirement migrants who move to Spain and Turkey after retirement. Retirement migrants move at a stage in their life cycle which can be associated with health deterioration. The need to seek access to healthcare provisions may therefore be important in the migratory experience of retirement migrants. This article provides an analysis at three different and interrelated levels by drawing on an analytical framework of Faist, Bilecen, Barglowski and Sienkiewicz. The article discusses the interrelationship between: (1) European, national, and private rules and regulations on health care which determine retirement migrants’ access to healthcare provisions in the home and host state; (2) retirement migrants’ social networks as a space where collective meaning is given to these rules and regulations and where retirement migrants create preferences for healthcare provisions; and (3) retirement migrants’ strategies to access their preferred set of healthcare provisions in the home and host state. It will be argued that retirement migrants may navigate their way through the healthcare systems and may change their mobility or residence pattern in order to be seen as a resident in the Netherlands or Spain/Turkey in order to access their preferred set of healthcare provisions.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128533105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transnational social work with young refugees","authors":"C. Schmitt","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1184024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1184024","url":null,"abstract":"In late 2014, the UN Refugee Agency counted 59.5 million people around the world on the run (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2015). This is the highest number that has been registered since World War II. The statistics include refugees fleeing across national borders, so-called internally displaced persons who do not cross state borders, and asylum seekers. Fifty-one percent of the refugees are children and underage adolescents. Many of them flee together with family and relatives, others are on their own. In 2014, 34,300 unaccompanied or separated children filled in an asylum application in 82 countries (UNHCR, 2015). The actual figure might be even higher, since unaccompanied children are not statistically accounted for in every country (Rieger, 2015, p. 68). The majority fled from Syria, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Eritrea. Flight reasons of young refugees are various: many escape from wars and the consequent fear of being recruited as child soldiers (e.g. Homfeldt & Schmitt, 2012, pp. 160f; Kohli, 2007, pp. 29–34). Girls in particular are afraid of sexual exploitation, or have experienced it already. Others flee due to persecution of their religion, ethnicity, or their family’s political affiliation. Sometimes, young refugees experience violence in their family, forced marriage, or genital mutilation. Another drive can be the desire for a secure existence, good education and job perspectives, or to escape a natural disaster. Some of the young people are sent by their families to create a better life elsewhere. Others lose their parents or relatives during their flight, or flee of their own accord, for example because they have already lost both parents in their country of origin. Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable on the run. They often depend on traffickers, pass unsafe states, and are at risk of being abused or robbed. By the time they reach their country of destination and come into contact with social services, many of the young people suffer from their experiences and are in urgent need of professional support (e.g. Stotz, Elbert, Müller, & Schauer, 2015). Social workers are confronted with biographies that span across several nation-states and encompass experiences in the country of origin, during the flight, and in the country of destination. They are challenged to stabilize the lifeworlds of the young people. This paper argues that a transnational social work with young refugees is needed and suggests first conceptual ideas. The addresseesʼ lifeworlds and biographies are transnational and therefore require a social work education and practice which exceeds a solely national frame of thinking and acting.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transnational lives. Transnational bodies? An introduction","authors":"Yvonne Niekrenz, Matthias D. Witte, Lisa D Albrecht","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1182350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1182350","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, both “the body” and “transnationalism” have been elaborated as sociological terms, empirically investigated as research topics, and finally established within the social-scientific discourses as the so called “turns” (see Gugutzer, 2006; Levitt & Nyberg-Sørensen, 2004). Although there is an increasing interest in the social role of the body, and the transnational paradigm has established itself as a new point of reference for migratory movements, both “turns” are brought together only very rarely. Speaking about the body within the social sciences means speaking from the perspective of the embodied actor; an actor whose knowledge, practices, and sensations are carnal; one who is situated in a specific presence at a certain place, one who is affected by and affecting the local surroundings. Considering common definitions of transnationalism, it is always highlighted that the local surrounding may become hybridized through transnational linkages and (re-) presentations of distant others and remote events. Within a general definition that describes transnationalism as a circulation of goods, people, and information, which leads to a relatively stable mesh that stretches across national borders and manifests itself within different localities (e.g. Pries, 2008, p. 4), the bodily and finite matter of those people living transnationally and its impacts on transnational lifeworlds seems to be comparatively weightless – be it only that it is taken for granted. The TSR Special Issue “Transnational Lives. Transnational Bodies?” asks: in what way do transnational lives result in transnational bodies? While common definitions of transnationalism stress the cross-linkages between different localities, people, and communities that are queering national borders, the fact that actors are emplaced by their bodies means that the body becomes something to manage and mediate with a quality of its own. At the same time, it is the physical weight and the matter of the local body that demands actual or virtual movement. One of the first attempts to conceptualize transnationalism as an embodied phenomenon was made by Kevin Dunn in 2010. Dunn states that the body has always been present in migration research – be it only “by the movement of people across space” – but it has not been “a prominent spatial scale of analysis in the field” (Dunn, 2010, p. 1). Following Dunn’s path of argumentation, we hypothesize that transnational lifeworlds and lives not only need to be embodied and locally embedded in order to become a social reality, but that the body itself makes demands by its very own quality and thus already can be considered as a trans-bordered phenomenon. Bodies do not simply exist as bodies per se but they are materializing and symbolizing socio-political categories and constructions: they are","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129964395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of national asylum policies in times of economic recession: Challenges for Greece","authors":"G. Amitsis","doi":"10.1080/21931674.2016.1184820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1184820","url":null,"abstract":"At the outbreak of the economic crisis in 2010, Greece was faced with a rare conjuncture of extremely difficult socio-economic circumstances. This huge challenge revealed the long-lasting weaknesses and distortions both of the public as well as of the private and civil sector. In order to return to normality, Greece is compelled to achieve two parallel goals: on one hand, maintain its capacity to support current standard public policies and, on the other hand, to promote deep and radical reforms on many different levels. However, the achievement of both of these goals has proven to be extremely difficult (Amitsis, 2012) due to the heavy fiscal constraints (e.g. inability to cover gaps in human resources, basic infrastructures, technological equipment etc.) imposed in the context of the Financial Stability Mechanisms1 implemented since May 2010. The situation has significantly worsened during the last year due to political instability (two snap elections in one year), as well as the long-lasting negotiations between Greece and the Troika which led – during summer 2015 – to an internal tacit “payment freezing” for the public sector and the implementation of a capitol control mechanism (the latter still in force until this day). In the field of migration and asylum policies, the effects of the crisis have been utterly detrimental. Greece has traditionally been lacking an autonomous and sound migration management system, since the creation of such a system has never before been a strong policy priority. After the crisis, the development of a national migration/asylum system became even more difficult due to the aforementioned fiscal constraints (European Parliament, 2015). In view of these circumstances, the recent refugee and migration crisis found Greece completely unprepared and very weak.","PeriodicalId":413830,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Social Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}